Diet recommendations to achieve target metabolic control for prevention of micro and macrovascular complications have been outlined. Although previous studies in individuals with type 2 diabetes have identified certain factors associated with adherence to diet recommendations, adherence is multi-factorial in nature and includes demographic, biological and psychosocial variables. Our main objective was to identify factors associated With dietary behaviour among individuals with type 2 diabetes attending an out-patient clinic. Furthermore, we attempted to identify factors associated with frequency of seeing the dietitian and stages of change far lower fat intake. Principal hypothesis: those who are younger, female, lower in body mass index (BMI), higher in education level, exposed to a dietitian in the past year, higher in stage of change, having greater nutrition knowledge, greater perception of risk and benefits as well as fewer perceived barriers, would consume less total and saturated fat. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

The Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea) is state-listed as threatened or as a species of special concern throughout most of its range, suffering from extensive loss of breeding habitat. Although the Cerulean Warbler has been classified as a species of high conservation concern, little is known about its life history. Conservation and management efforts directed toward protecting forested landscapes on the breeding and non-breeding grounds, with the specific habitat requirements that this species prefers, are paramount. Yet, there is little specific quantitative data in existence regarding the pertinent vegetation structure in which the Cerulean Warbler can successfully breed. During the two field seasons of this project (2000 and 2001), sixty-two territories were located, monitored, and mapped during the nesting season. To determine the habitat selection of Cerulean Warblers, twenty-seven habitat variables were measured within the center of mapped territories and random sites (0.04 ha circle). The size of territories (n = 59) ranged from 0.036 ha to 1.427 ha. The number of large trees (> 38 cm DBH) was significantly higher in territories, as was the total density of all trees than in random sites. Vertical stratification between 0 - < 2 m was also significantly higher in territories than in random sites. Territories were located significantly closer to water bodies, roads, and agricultural fields. The relative abundance of Cerulean Warblers differed greatly among study sites (O/km2-3.86/k m2). In all study sites containing at least two birds throughout the breeding season, territories exhibited a significantly clumped distribution. As expected, canopy gaps were present in all territories, and perch trees were significantly larger than average trees available to males within territories. This species was located almost exclusively along ridgetops and mesic slopes. The greatest number of birds occurred in study sites that were located within state forests that are currently being managed for timber harvest versus national forest. / School of Physical Education

No description available.

This research project investigated a method to promote one low-fat, high-fiber choice in a national chain fast-food restaurant. It is an extension of efforts toward large-scale dietary change. A procedural extension of a prompting strategy was used in an attempt to influence customers to choose a salad. A simple visual and print message based on themes derived from formative and pilot research at the restaurant was presented during two intervention phases of a reversal design. The message, "Be Fit and Healthy; Eat a Low-fat SALAD as Your Meal or Add a Side Salad," was displayed in colorful posters and tent cards which were placed on all the tables. Data from a comparison base in a neighboring town were obtained. A one-month follow-up phase was included in the design. Prices and in-store advertisements were identical in both locations. The existing computerized cash register system was used to obtain accurate, objective data. Daily and weekly sales percentages of several entrees were obtained. Results of analysis using a correction procedure indicate that when graphically represented, salad sales across phases increased with the introduction of the prompts, and decreased with their removal. In addition, three entrees not represented by associated prompts remained stable across phases. For Salads-combined, results indicate that sales increased about 15% and 9%, respectively, for the first and second intervention phases. Daily temperature during this project was variable. Although a comparison site was used to control for the effects of weather, results indicate that salad prompting may have increased sales more during warmer temperature. Population demographics were recorded. Analyses of the customer population during this project indicate customers were about equal by gender, and consisted primarily of white, 18-39 years old individuals. The cost for each added salad bought during the intervention was about $.22, and the cost to raise the percent of salad sales, each percent, across the four weeks was about $16.00. Future research should attempt to foster longer term behavior change and integrate multifaceted promotions. / Master of Science

The purpose of this study was to determine attitudes toward low carbohydrate diets among consumers and the attributes that influence their purchase decision. A growing number of diet trends are spreading across the nation in an effort to improve health and lose weight such as the Atkins diet and the South Beach diet.

No description available.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-04, page: 1952. Adviser: R. Sue Day. Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-03-26T12:48:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) manuela_ortega_marques_rodrigues.pdf: 2356674 bytes, checksum: e576d7cb84dd67e4068acfffffe22e9f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-03-29T12:57:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) manuela_ortega_marques_rodrigues.pdf: 2356674 bytes, checksum: e576d7cb84dd67e4068acfffffe22e9f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-29T12:57:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) manuela_ortega_marques_rodrigues.pdf: 2356674 bytes, checksum: e576d7cb84dd67e4068acfffffe22e9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / A expans?o do tecido adiposo branco na obesidade leva ? express?o alterada de prote?nas em seus adip?citos, bem como a infiltra??o de c?lulas do sistema imune, especialmente macr?fagos, cujas secre??es levam ao desenvolvimento da inflama??o cr?nica de baixo grau, a qual ? considerada subjacente ao desenvolvimento de in?meras comorbidades. Dentre as formas de tratamento da obesidade, dietas de restri??o cal?rica (RC) nutricionalmente balanceadas induzem a perda de peso e melhorias em marcadores sist?micos da inflama??o, mas os efeitos diretos no tecido adiposo visceral ainda s?o controversos. No entanto, existe uma lacuna sobre qual o impacto dessas dietas na inflama??o local, mesmo em condi??es de sobrecarga lip?dica. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da perda de peso corporal induzida por dieta hipolip?dica ad libitum e pela restri??o cal?rica com dieta hiperlip?dica na inflama??o do tecido adiposo visceral de camundongos obesos. Para tal, inicialmente, camundongos C57BL/6 com 12 semanas de idade, machos, foram divididos em dois grupos: LF ? alimentados com dieta controle hipolip?dica ? do ingl?s low fat (10% das calorias, fonte ?leo de soja, rica em ?cidos graxos poli-insaturados); e HF ? alimentados com dieta controle hiperlip?dica ? do ingl?s high fat (60% calorias, fonte banha de porco, rica em ?cidos graxos saturados) para indu??o da obesidade. Ap?s oito semanas, seis animais de cada grupo foram eutanasiados para verifica??o da adiposidade visceral e estado inflamat?rio (dosagens de prote?na C reativa ? PCR s?rica e hep?tica). Em seguida, os animais HF foram aleatoriamente divididos em tr?s grupos HF ? continuaram recebendo dieta HF; LFAL ? submetidos ao emagrecimento pela substitui??o da dieta HF pela LF e acesso livre (ad libitum) e RHF ? submetidos ao emagrecimento por receberem quantidades restritas em calorias da dieta HF para atingir o mesmo peso corporal dos animais LFAL. A partir deste momento, esses grupos foram alimentados, juntamente com os animais LF, por mais sete semanas. Ao final, foram avaliados o ganho/perda de peso corporal, a adiposidade, as concentra??es s?ricas e hep?ticas de PCR, e as concentra??es de leptina, adiponectina, e das citocinas IL-6, TNF e MCP-1 no tecido adiposo retroperitoneal, al?m da morfologia dos adip?citos e a presen?a de infiltrados inflamat?rios no tecido adiposo retroperitoneal. Ao final da fase de indu??o da obesidade, os animais HF estavam obesos e inflamados. Ao final da fase de indu??o da perda de peso, os grupos LFAL e RHF tiveram pesos corporais semelhantes, menores que o HF e se igualaram ao LF. No entanto, houve maior dificuldade em perder peso pelo grupo RHF em compara??o ao LFAL, dado pelas diferen?as significativas entre os deltas de perda de peso, que foram menores para RHF e pelos coeficientes de efici?ncia energ?tica, que foram maiores para o grupo RHF. Os animais LFAL retornaram a adiposidade e a hipertrofia dos adip?citos viscerais a valores semelhantes ao grupo LF. Isto provavelmente foi o que levou ? menor concentra??o de leptina com concomitante aumento da adiponectina e menor infiltra??o de c?lulas inflamat?rias neste tecido, igualando-se tamb?m ao LF. Em consequ?ncia, houve menor concentra??o tecidual de citocinas pr?-inflamat?rias, al?m de menor concentra??o hep?tica e circulante de PCR. J? para os animais RHF, houve apenas atenua??o da adiposidade e da hipertrofia dos adip?citos retroperitoneais. Isso foi suficiente para restabelecer a concentra??o local de leptina a n?veis semelhantes ao grupo LF, embora n?o tenha elevado a concentra??o de adiponectina. Al?m disso, a infiltra??o de c?lulas inflamat?rias menteve-se tamb?m elevada. N?o houve redu??o da concentra??o de citocinas pr?-inflamat?rias, ? exce??o da IL-6, que reduziu levemente. A concentra??o hep?tica de PCR foi atenuada, o que n?o refletiu na concentra??o s?rica dessa prote?na. Concluiu-se que a restri??o cal?rica com dieta hiperlip?dica foi menos eficiente em promover a perda de peso e de adiposidade e n?o melhorou a inflama??o do tecido adiposo visceral, comparada com a dieta hipolip?dica ad libitum. Inferiuse que a ingest?o de dieta com sobrecarga de lip?deos (60% das calorias) e de ?cidos graxos saturados foi mais determinante da inflama??o local do que a restri??o cal?rica per se. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The expansion of white adipose tissue in obesity leads to altered protein expression in its adipocytes, as well as the infiltration of immune cells, especially macrophages, whose secretions lead to the development of chronic low-grade inflammation, which underlies the development of several comorbidities. Among treatments, caloric restriction (CR) nutritionally balanced diets induce weight loss and ameliorates inflammation systemic markers, but adipose tissue effects are still controversial. Moreover, there is a gap on the impact of these diets on local inflammation, even under lipid overload. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate effects of body weight loss induced by a low fat ad libitum diet and a CR in a high fat diet in the visceral adipose tissue inflammation of obese mice. Firstly, 12 weeks of age male C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: LF - fed a control low fat diet (10% calories, source soybean oil, high in polyunsaturated fatty acids); and HF - fed a control high fat diet (60% calories, source lard, high in saturated fatty acids) for obesity induction. After eight weeks, six animals from each group were euthanized to verify visceral adiposity and inflammatory status (serum and hepatic C-reactive protein-CRP). Then, HF animals were randomly divided into three groups: HF ? keept at HF diet; LFAL - a weight loss group that was switched from HF to LF and maintained on it ad libitum; RHF - a weight loss group that received restricted amounts of HF to maintain the same body weight as LFAL. Thereafter, these groups were fed, along with the LF animals, for another seven weeks. At end, body weight gain / loss, adiposity, serum and hepatic CRP concentrations, and adipose retroperitoneal tissue concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, IL-6, TNF and MCP-1 were evaluated, as well as adypocite morphology and the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue. Obesity was induced, since HF animals had higher weights, adiposity and were inflamed. At the end of the weight loss period, both LFAL and RHF had similar body weight, lower than HF and equal to LF. However, it was more dificcult to loose wheight by the RHF group compared to LFAL, since weight loss deltas were lower for RHF and energy efficiency ratios were higher for RHF group. LFAL animals returned visceral adiposity and retroperitoneal adipocyte hypertrophy similarly to the LF group. Also, there was a lower leptin level with concomitant increase of adiponectin and less infiltration of inflammatory cells in this tissue, also matching to LF. Still, there was a lower tissue concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, and a lower hepatic and serum CRP. For RHF animals, there was only an attenuation in adiposity and visceral adipocyte hypertrophy, although it was sufficient to restore local leptin concentration similarly to LF. However, this regimen was not able to elevate the adiponectin concentration. In addition, the inflammatory cells infiltration was highly elevated. There was no reduction in proinflammatory cytokines concentration, despite IL-6, which was reduced slightly. Hepatic CRP concentration was attenuated, which did not reflect in its serum concentrations. In mice with diet-induced obesity, the weight loss by means a CR in a high fat diet was less effective in promoting wheight and adiposity losses and it did not improve visceral adipose tissue inflammation. It can be inferred that a lipid overload (60% from calories) as well as a saturated fatty acid surplus from the high fat diet were more determinant of local inflammation than caloric restriction per se.