ABSTRACT Background: Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitological disease and constitutes one of the major neglected public health problems in the word. The consequences that this disease causes in the population are subject of controversy. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of schistosomiasis in term of malnutrition, anemia and low school performance in an endemic region, naïve of interventions. Methods: The study was conducted in Kasansa health zone in Democratic Republic of Congo where schistosomiasis has been endemic for decades. School aged children were recruited at home. From each child, anthropometric measures, biological and laboratory exams were obtained. The questionnaire was used for economic status, behavior and other factors related to schistosomiasis. Regression logistic was used to control confounding factors. A 95% confidence interval was used for statistically significance. Results: The proportion of malnutrition was 53.8%, anemia 67.0% and low school performance 41.1%. In this health zone, the study found and confirmed a high proportion of children who are infected with S. mansoni (89.3%) and malaria (65.1%). Conclusions: This study showed high proportions of complications that are usually reported as associated with schistosomiasis, among school aged children in the health zone of Kasansa. Future studies are needed to show causality and to find efficient ways to control these morbidities.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:38:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2077.pdf: 1561418 bytes, checksum: dd3aee560be6550567e1e6338d0b4c24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-27 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The National Curriculum Parameters and Law 9.795 issued in 1999, which institutes a national policy covering environmental education, define that the environmental education should not be a school discipline but should be incorporated by all the existing ones. Aiming to check the way in which the orientation of the transversality is subsidized so that it can be concretized in the schools, this work uses the didactic books of different educational disciplines to understand how the multidisciplinar set of a same class approaches the environmental issues. The didactic books represent a huge investment on behalf of the Federal Government, who in turn analyzes, approves and purchases them for further forwarding to schools. As from this context the objective of the present survey is to understand how the knowledge, ethic and esthetic values as well as the political participation, covering the environmental issues, are approached in the didactic books of different school disciplines, resulting in contribution for an objective and critical usage of the school book as an environmental educational instrument. The survey was directed by the critical conception of the environmental education as it is understood that, when designing a fundamental role to the political dimension and educative práxis, it becomes more coherent with the search for transformation of the social-environmental reality. The methodology used was a qualitative textual analysis. As corpus of the analysis, didactic books were adopted; these books were purchased by SEE/SP covering each educational disciplines for the fifth year of the low school for the year of 2005. As analysis units, texts and chapters of the books that covered or should cover the environmental issues were used, and then these were unbuilt under the direction of a schedule, prepared based on elements that we consider essential for the educative work oriented to the environment, that includes handling of knowledge dimensions, of the ethic and esthetic values and political participation, which were subdivided in 21 parameters additionally specific. The analysis classifications were built a priori and based on existing trends in the educational field, as related to incorporation of the environmental thematic, as follows: silent, conservative, pragmatic and critical. Totally, 52 analysis units were selected distributed among the mathematics books, Portuguese language, sciences, history and geography. In general, most of them contemplated the environmental issue, however in a limited manner as the silent trend predominated in the three dimensions. In several parameters we were able to identify the presence of other trends, however, without a regularity in the approach, and this is assumed that there is no theoretical referential that subsidize the environmental discussions in the didactic books and that there is no concrete objective, on behalf of the state and of the didactic books, to transform the conditions of the social oppression and environmental degradation. The contradiction of the Brazilian state during this year is not founded only by the acquisition of material that does not company with the PCNs and Law 9.795, but for not considering them in formulation of other educational policies such as the PNLD, that does not cover the transversal themes in its assessment process. Thus, in its current materiality, the potential of the educational books, while a critical environmental educational instrument, is limited to the insertion of the theme in classrooms, and which should be deepened and enhanced by the school teachers. / Os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais e a Lei 9.795, de 1999, que institui a política nacional de educação ambiental, definem que a educação ambiental não deve ser uma disciplina escolar, mas incorporada por todas as que já existem. Pretendendo verificar de que forma a orientação da transversalidade é subsidiada para que se concretize nas escolas o presente trabalho utiliza os livros didáticos das diferentes disciplinas escolares para compreender quais as abordagens do conjunto multidisciplinar de uma mesma série acerca das questões ambientais. Os livros didáticos representam grande investimento do governo federal, que os analisa, aprova e compra, enviando-os às escolas. A partir deste contexto o objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender as abordagens dos conhecimentos, dos valores éticos e estéticos e da participação política, referentes às questões ambientais nos livros didáticos das diferentes disciplinas escolares, levantando contribuições para um uso objetivo e crítico do livro didático como um instrumento de educação ambiental. A pesquisa foi orientada pela concepção crítica da educação ambiental por entender que, ao atribuir papel fundamental à dimensão política e à práxis educativa, esta se apresenta mais coerente com a busca pela transformação da realidade socioambiental. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise textual qualitativa. Como corpus de análise, adotaram-se os livros didáticos mais comprados pela SEE/SP de cada uma das disciplinas escolares para a quinta-série do ensino fundamental no ano de 2005. Foram selecionados, como unidades de análise, trechos e capítulos dos livros que abordavam ou deveriam abordar as questões ambientais, e então os mesmos foram desconstruídos sob a orientação de um roteiro, elaborado com base em elementos considerados essenciais no trabalho educativo voltado ao ambiente, que inclui o tratamento às dimensões dos conhecimentos, dos valores éticos e estéticos e da participação política, que foram subdivididas em 21 parâmetros mais específicos. As categorias de análise foram construídas a priori e baseadas em tendências existentes no campo da educação, em relação à incorporação da temática ambiental, sendo elas: silenciosa, conservacionista, pragmática e crítica. Ao todo foram selecionadas 52 unidades de análise, distribuídas pelos livros de matemática, língua portuguesa, ciências, história e geografia. De forma geral, a maioria deles contemplava a questão ambiental, contudo limitadamente, uma vez que a tendência silenciosa predominou nas três dimensões. Em muitos parâmetros verificou-se a presença de outras tendências, no entanto sem uma regularidade na abordagem, o que pressupõe que não há referenciais teóricos que subsidiem as discussões ambientais nos livros didáticos e que não há um objetivo concreto, por parte do estado e dos livros didáticos, de transformar as condições de opressão social e de degradação ambiental. A contradição do estado brasileiro neste caso se dá não só pela aquisição de materiais que não atendam aos PCN´s e à Lei 9.795, mas por não considerá-los na formulação de outras políticas educacionais, como o PNLD, que não abrange os temas transversais em seu processo de avaliação. Deste modo, em sua materialidade atual, o potencial dos livros didáticos enquanto um instrumento de educação ambiental crítica se limita à inserção do tema em sala de aula, devendo ser aprofundado e aprimorado pelas educadoras e pelos educadores.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:46:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2318.pdf: 3557390 bytes, checksum: d82bccd21068c2e57fe54a2127820103 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-19 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / Parental involvement can be crucial for children s academic success; however, parents often don t have appropriate repertoire to deal with scholar difficulties or to promote autonomous and effective study behaviors in their children. The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate an intervention program with children s guardians, particularly of those children with a history of low school performance. Participated in the research three guardians of children (two mothers and one grandfather), indicated by teachers as having learning difficulties, which were submitted to the Teaching Program, and also the teachers and the children, who studied at a municipal elementary school in a small town of the state of São Paulo. Initially, information was collected in order to determine the starting repertoire of the apprentices in the teaching program, through interviews with the children, their parents and teachers. The Teaching Program consisted of eight meetings in which was presented information and examples of aspects that promote the behavior of studying at home, in addition to several exercises for evaluation of performance and homework proposals regarding the themes discussed in the program. The parents received an instructional material to help with the explanation of teaching units and suggested activities. Due to holidays in the end of the school year, the intervention meetings were interrupted after the fourth session, but resumed in 60 days. On resumption, the parents were re-interviewed and responded to questions of true or false, concerning the units discussed up to that moment. Teachers, who had finished the school year, were also submitted to an interview. After the completion of the Teaching Program, information was collected as measures of post-test through interviews with parents, children and teachers of the new school year. In addition to the interview, the parents answered a questionnaire of satisfaction about the Teaching Program and a general simulation exercise. A follow-up interview was conducted six months after the post-test, again with the parents, teachers and children, and the parents also went through a new simulation for performance verification. The results show that the program enables the identification of changes in the repertoire of the parents in dealing with the children s study and/or the daily routine of interaction in the family environment, especially for one of the three participants in the period between the pre and post-test. Little evidence of maintenance of these changes was observed in the follow-up interviews. Some indication of improvement in the behavior of study and school performance of children, even minor, could also be identified in the teachers report. The discussion highlights the variables that may be important to understand these results and to advance in the creation of strategies for development, implementation and evaluation of Teaching Programs that are effective for teaching parents to promote appropriate study behaviors in children in order to promote appropriate study repertoires, as well as overcome and prevent school failure. / O envolvimento dos pais pode ser determinante para o sucesso escolar de seus filhos; contudo, muito frequentemente os pais não possuem repertórios apropriados para lidar com dificuldades escolares ou promoverem comportamentos de estudo autônomos e eficazes em suas crianças. O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e avaliar um programa de intervenção junto a responsáveis de crianças, particularmente aquelas que apresentem história de baixo rendimento escolar. Participaram da investigação, três responsáveis (duas mães e um avô) de crianças, indicadas por professoras como apresentando dificuldades de aprendizagem, que foram submetidos ao programa de ensino, além das professoras e as crianças, que estudavam em uma escola municipal de ensino fundamental de uma cidade de pequeno porte do interior de São Paulo. Inicialmente foram coletadas informações para conhecer o repertório de entrada dos aprendizes do programa de ensino, por meio de entrevistas com os responsáveis, crianças e professores. O programa de ensino consistiu de oito encontros, nos quais foram apresentadas informações e exemplos de aspectos favorecedores do comportamento de estudar em casa, além de serem realizados exercícios diversos para avaliação de desempenho e proposição de tarefas de casa referente a temas abordados. Os responsáveis receberam uma apostila que ajudava na discussão das unidades de ensino e atividades propostas. Devido às férias escolares do final do ano letivo, os encontros da intervenção foram interrompidos após a quarta sessão, sendo retomado em 60 dias. Na retomada, os responsáveis foram novamente entrevistados e responderam a perguntas de verdadeiro ou falso, referente às unidades discutidas até aquele momento. Os professores, que haviam encerrado o ano letivo, também se submeteram a uma entrevista. Após a finalização do programa de ensino, foram coletadas informações como medidas de pós-teste, por meio de entrevistas com responsáveis, crianças e as professoras do novo ano letivo. Além da entrevista, os responsáveis responderam ainda a um questionário de satisfação do programa de ensino e a um exercício de simulação geral. Uma entrevista de seguimento também foi realizada seis meses após a realização do pós-teste, novamente com os responsáveis, professores e crianças, sendo que os primeiros também responderam a uma nova simulação para verificação do desempenho. Os resultados demonstram que o programa possibilitou identificar algumas mudanças no repertório dos responsáveis ao lidar com o estudo de crianças e/ou na rotina diária de interação no ambiente familiar, principalmente para um dos três participantes, no período entre o pré e o pós-teste. Poucos indícios de manutenção dessas mudanças foram observados nas entrevistas de seguimento do estudo. Algumas indicações de melhorias no comportamento de estudo e rendimento escolar das crianças, ainda que pouco significativas, também puderam ser identificadas no relato dos professores. São discutidas algumas variáveis que podem ser importantes para compreender estes resultados e para avançar na criação de estratégias para elaboração, implementação e avaliação de programas de ensino que sejam eficazes para ensinar pais a promoverem comportamentos de estudos adequados em crianças, a fim de promover repertórios de estudo apropriados, bem como superar e prevenir o fracasso escolar.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:33:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Carolina Colacioppo.pdf: 15891572 bytes, checksum: f3ece43d26e98f03d1aded0c87170399 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In this study are presented the results and the trajectory of a research that questioned the low school performance in the writing in Portuguese Language of children of fourth series of the elementary school whose social origin seemed to favor the learning wellsucceeded. The central objective of the research was to search information to understand factors that delimit the school failure of children of fourth series in the writing and the strategies proposals for the professionals who work in the school (empirical field of the research) for the overcoming of the bad performance. The main theoretical references of the present study had been Bourdieu, that alert for the impossibility to only analyze the school inequalities only as products of the supposedly natural inequalities between the men, therefore in the educative system has an implicit process that generates differences; Charlot and Lahire, that emphasize the importance of the analysis of the school performances differentiated of the children of certain social classes, results that exceed the perspective statistics. Other authors had still brought diverse contributions to the analysis of the data. The collected data refer to study about pupils of groups who had frequented a private school situated in the city of São Paulo in 2006 and 2007, teachers of the rooms and mothers of selected pupils. The procedures for the collection of data had been interviews with teachers, mothers and pupils; analysis of productions of texts, use of activity-test to verify performance in reading and writing. The results had indicated that the evaluative process of the selected school is formative and the recovery is continuous, aspects that had not guaranteed the success of the pedagogical process for the totality of the group during the learning of determined contents valued in school subjects; some children had showed resulted below of the teaching expectations and the low school performance in the writing could not be considered as a unique phenomenon, but be constituted in the context of the experience of diverse circumstances by the pupils and influenced by configuration of the environment of middle class where the children live and justified by means of perspectives related to the characteristics from the trend to value the scientific concepts, or, supposedly scientific of the health in the education and to the admission of the expectations of the families / Neste estudo são apresentados os resultados e a trajetória de uma pesquisa que problematizou o baixo desempenho escolar na escrita em Língua Portuguesa de crianças de quarta série do ensino fundamental cuja origem social parecia favorecer a escolarização bem-sucedida. O objetivo central da pesquisa foi buscar informações para compreender fatores que delimitam o insucesso escolar de crianças de quarta série na escrita e as estratégias propostas pelos profissionais que trabalham na escola (campo empírico da pesquisa) para a superação do mau desempenho. Os principais referenciais teóricos do presente estudo foram Bourdieu, que alerta para a impossibilidade de analisar as desigualdades escolares apenas como produtos das desigualdades supostamente naturais entre os homens, pois no sistema educativo há um processo implícito que gera diferenças; Charlot e Lahire, que ressaltam a importância da análise dos desempenhos escolares marginais de crianças de determinadas classes sociais, resultados que ultrapassam a perspectiva estatística. Outros autores ainda trouxeram contribuições diversas à análise dos dados. Os dados coletados referem-se a estudo sobre alunos de turmas que freqüentaram uma escola privada situada na cidade de São Paulo em 2006 e 2007, professoras das salas e mães de alunos selecionados. Os procedimentos para a coleta de dados foram entrevistas com professoras, mães e alunos; análise de produções de textos, utilização de atividade-teste para verificar desempenho em leitura e escrita. Os resultados indicaram que o processo avaliativo da escola selecionada é formativo e a recuperação é contínua, aspectos que não garantiram o sucesso do processo pedagógico para a totalidade da turma durante a aprendizagem de determinados conteúdos valorizados nas disciplinas escolares; algumas crianças apresentaram resultados aquém das expectativas docentes e o baixo desempenho na escrita não pôde ser considerado como um fenômeno unívoco, mas constituído no contexto da vivência de diversas circunstâncias pelos alunos e influenciado pela configuração do ambiente de classe média em que as crianças vivem e justificado por meio de perspectivas relacionadas às características oriundas do cientificismo da saúde na educação e à admissão das expectativas das famílias

Children born to teen mothers tend to score lower on language development assessments and to have school readiness delays. To support teen mothers and their children in improving language development, educators need information about mothers' daily interactions with their children and how they contribute to their children's language development. The purpose of this descriptive case study was to understand mothers'perceptions of how they influenced their children's language development through play, routines, and other informal interactions. Flavell, Vygotsky, and Bruner's views on how learners' construct knowledge informed the study. Research questions were focused on the mothers' perceptions regarding interactions during routines and during play and on the mothers' beliefs about how influential they were developing their children's language skills. Data were gathered through semistructured interviews, journals, and follow-up questions addressed in narratives or additional interviews. A combination of a priori and open coding was used to support inductive analysis. Participants believed that they influenced their children's development and wanted to increase what they know about overall development and specifically language development. They indicated that they did not have enough time for reading, that they used songs and chants frequently, and that participation in the study made them think more about the importance of conversations shared within activities. The results of this study may help teen mothers, their families, and those who provide education and support to teen mothers in mentoring groups, faith-based support groups, and alternative high schools. Social change will occur when young parents are supported in enhancing the lives of their children.