In this survey study, the investigator studied parental involvement in mathematics learning of grade one and grade two children; also parents¡¦ needs; and finally, relationship of involvements to needs. In order to conduct the survey, the investigator referred to Epstein (1995) and developed a questionnaire. There are 3 parts in the questionnaire: background information (6 parent variables and 8 children variables), parental involvement and parents¡¦ needs. A total of 958 parents from 40 classes completed the questionnaires; they came from ten elementary schools (2 classes in each grade). Data analyzes were completed by descriptive statistics, t tests, ANOVA-one way, and, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. First, results on parental involvement are two: among the items in Epstein, the involvement is highest in Learning at Home category and lowest in Decision Making category; and, three among the six parent variables and seven among the eight children variables were related to parental involvements. Second, results on parents¡¦ needs indicated that the overall parents¡¦ need is high. Third, there is positive correlation between parental involvements and parents¡¦ needs. Finally, the investigator closed with recommendations for future research and practice.

No description available.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第23780号 / 医博第4826号 / 新制||医||1057(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 村川 泰裕, 教授 武藤 学, 教授 滝田 順子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Lower-grade glioma (LGG) is a group of tumors arising from the cells of the central nervous system. Although various therapy interventions are used, the prognosis remains different. Novel biomarkers are needed for the prognosis of disease and novel therapeutic strategies in LGG. The procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase (PLOD) family contains three members and is related to multiple cancers, yet it was not investigated in LGG. Data from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts were used to analyze the role of PLOD in LGG. As the PLOD family is involved in processes, such as tumor formation and cancer metastasis, we focused on its relationship to the tumor microenvironment (TME) in LGG. A high expression of the PLOD family relates to poor prognosis and high infiltration of immune cells within the TME. The expression level of the PLOD family might become a novel biomarker for prognosis and is a potential target for individual treatment decisions in LGG.

The role of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in lower grade glioma (LGG) has not been elucidated, and accurate prognostic prediction is also important for the treatment and management of LGG. The aim of this study was to construct an HRD-based risk model and to explore the immunological and molecular characteristics of this risk model. The HRD score threshold = 10 was determined from 506 LGG samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort using the best cut-off value, and patients with highHRDscores had worse overall survival. A total of 251 HRD-related genes were identified by analyzing differentially expressed genes, 182 of which were associated with survival. A risk score model based on HRD-related genes was constructed using univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, and stepwise regression, and patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups using the median risk score. High-risk patients had significantly worse overall survival than lowrisk patients. The risk model had excellent predictive performance for overall survival in LGG and was found to be an independent risk factor. The prognostic value of the riskmodel was validated using an independent cohort. In addition, the risk score was associated with tumor mutation burden and immune cell infiltration in LGG. High-risk patients had higher HRD scores and “hot” tumor immune microenvironment, which could benefit from poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Overall, this big data study determined the threshold of HRD score in LGG, identified HRD-related genes, developed a risk model based on HRD-related genes, and determined the molecular and immunological characteristics of the risk model. This provides potential new targets for future targeted therapies and facilitates the development of individualized immunotherapy to improve prognosis.

Multi-omics high-throughput technologies produce data sets which are not restricted to only one but consist of multiple omics modalities, often as patient-matched tumour specimens. The integrative analysis of these omics modalities is essential to obtain a holistic view on the otherwise fragmented information hidden in this data. We present an intuitive method enabling the combined analysis of multi-omics data based on self-organizing maps machine learning. It “portrays” the expression, methylation and copy number variations (CNV) landscapes of each tumour using the same gene-centred coordinate system. It enables the visual evaluation and direct comparison of the different omics layers on a personalized basis. We applied this combined molecular portrayal to lower grade gliomas, a heterogeneous brain tumour entity. It classifies into a series of molecular subtypes defined by genetic key lesions, which associate with large-scale effects on DNA methylation and gene expression, and in final consequence, drive with cell fate decisions towards oligodendroglioma-, astrocytoma- and glioblastoma-like cancer cell lineages with different prognoses. Consensus modes of concerted changes of expression, methylation and CNV are governed by the degree of co-regulation within and between the omics layers. The method is not restricted to the triple-omics data used here. The similarity landscapes reflect partly independent effects of genetic lesions and DNA methylation with consequences for cancer hallmark characteristics such as proliferation, inflammation and blocked differentiation in a subtype specific fashion. It can be extended to integrate other omics features such as genetic mutation, protein expression data as well as extracting prognostic markers.

近年來，英語學習在台灣已蔚為一股風潮。為使孩子日後更具國際競爭力，許多家長在幼兒學前教育時段，即紛紛選擇全美語幼稚園或雙語幼稚園就讀，但在許多幼兒教育的相關研究發現，幼兒階段學習外語，易因語言的隔閡產生偏食學習，也會造成幼兒對文化認同的危機，且使幼兒表達與思考能力受影響，導致就學後產生學習挫折與障礙。 本研究以臺北縣新莊市某國小三年級為研究對象，採問卷調查法蒐集資料，並以最小平方估計式模型（Ordinary Least Square）的估計，探究學齡前雙語教育對國小低年級學童學習成就的影響，及學童在不同性別、家庭子女數、有無兄姐、是否與父母同住、家庭所得及家庭社經地位（SES）等情形下與學童低年級學習成就之相關程度。實證結果發現，學童學齡前雙語教育經驗對學習一年後及二年後之學習成就（包含總成績、國語、英語及數學成績）除英語成績具有顯著影響外，其餘影響效果皆不顯著；在性別差異上，女生的學習成就均高於男生；家庭子女數多寡與學習成就呈顯著負影響；學童有無兄姐及是否與父母同住對學習成就的影響，在學習一年後有顯著影響，對學習二年後之學習成就影響則不顯著；家庭所得對學習成就影響較不顯著；另外，家庭社經地位對學習成就則呈現顯著正面影響。 / English learning has been gaining popularity recently. In order to make children more competitive internationally, many parents choose English immersion or bilingual kindergartens when their kids are in preschool ages. But according to many researches of preschool education, when preschool children learn English, it may cause them to pick what they like to learn because of the gap in languages, it may cause a crisis in children for identifying their cultures. It may affect their skills of expression and deliberation, and cause them to feel frustrated and hindered when learning. This research uses the 3rd grade students of an elementary school in Sinjhuang City of Taipei County for subjects, uses questionnaires to collect information, adopts the estimation of Ordinary Least Square, investigates the effects of preschool bilingual education for lower-grade students’ learning achievements in elementary schools, and compares the students’ relevant degrees with different genders, family members, whether having brothers and sisters, living with their parents or not, and their parents’ income and socioeconomic status. It proves that the experiences in preschool bilingual education for the learning achievements after having learned for one or two years, including their overall scores, and scores of Chinese, English and math. It turns out to be positive affection, but besides English scores, the affections are not obvious. In gender difference, girls’ learning achievements are better than boys. The numbers of their family members for learning achievements turn out to be negative affection. It is an obvious positive affection after having learned for one year whether the students have brothers and sisters or live with their parents or not, but having learned for two years and the parents’ income do not affect the learning achievements much. Their parents’ socioeconomic positions turn out to be positive affection, too.