Purpose/aim Culture, lifestyle and economy are the three factors that influence the purchasing intentions for luxury goods. The aim of our dissertation is investigating if the importance of the factors will be changed or not, with the changing generations in China. Design/methodology/approach In this dissertation, we use questionnaire to collect data, and then use mathematics and statistics to test our hypotheses. Findings The results show that the importance of the factors could be changed, with the changing generations in Beijing and Qingdao. In contrast, the importance of the factors could not be changed, with the changing generations in Ningbo. So, we cannot establish in China, the importance of the three factors could be changed or not, with the changing generations. Originality/value In this dissertation, our original ideas are the different generations and the factors which effective influence the Chinese consumer´s purchasing intentions of luxury goods. We collected data in different cities in China to figure out if there is any connection between the three factors and three generations. The risk of the research is the sample size, we will have errors in that respondents.

The goal of this thesis will be to formulate an economic model that exposes the relationship between consumption of luxury goods and selected factors which includes advertising, disposable income, interest rate, price index and stock premium. By building the Multiple Linear Regressions model to formulate the consumption function and using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) as the method, it becomes apparent that advertising, disposable income and the previous quarter´s disposable income are the major variables to affect luxury good consumption, of all the factors. Furthermore, the previous quarter´s disposable income has a slightly higher effect than the current one on luxury consumption. Similar studies, which focus on luxury items, have proposed models that test a single or a few variables at a time, and others that concentrate on durable goods have a wide range of variables to examine. I attempt to combine both in my model to test luxury consumption with a wide range of variables. / 1.Abstrsact: short (1/2 page)The very specific purpose of your studyThe finding ( results) The method: statistical method, the data , the theoretical data,Compare your results with the results from similar studies.2.Introduction (1 and half page)A general idea ( 4-6 lines)Make references to theoretical and empirical research paper.Names, dates, and contribution.The purpose of your studyMethodLimitationOutline of the paper3.Conclusion (1 page)The purpose of the studyThe resultsThe methodComparison with the results from similar studiesCritical discussion of your own studiesFurther studies4. consider opponents points too

<p>The goal of this thesis will be to formulate an economic model that exposes the relationship between consumption of luxury goods and selected factors which includes advertising, disposable income, interest rate, price index and stock premium.</p><p>By building the Multiple Linear Regressions model to formulate the consumption function and using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) as the method, it becomes apparent that advertising, disposable income and the previous quarter´s disposable income are the major variables to affect luxury good consumption, of all the factors. Furthermore, the previous quarter´s disposable income has a slightly higher effect than the current one on luxury consumption. Similar studies, which focus on luxury items, have proposed models that test a single or a few variables at a time, and others that concentrate on durable goods have a wide range of variables to examine. I attempt to combine both in my model to test luxury consumption with a wide range of variables.</p> / 1.Abstrsact: short (1/2 page)The very specific purpose of your studyThe finding ( results) The method: statistical method, the data , the theoretical data,Compare your results with the results from similar studies.2.Introduction (1 and half page)A general idea ( 4-6 lines)Make references to theoretical and empirical research paper.Names, dates, and contribution.The purpose of your studyMethodLimitationOutline of the paper3.Conclusion (1 page)The purpose of the studyThe resultsThe methodComparison with the results from similar studiesCritical discussion of your own studiesFurther studies4. consider opponents points too

China's luxury market plays an increasingly important role on the world stage. And females are termed as the most massive consumers of luxury goods in China. Understanding consumer behavior is the gateway for luxury goods companies to target China's female market. There is a lack of study of Chinese female consumers on the luxury market; the primary purpose of this study is to research what factors affect female consumer behavior on the luxury goods markets in China.   In order to do the research, a qualitative study has been conducted via doing semi-structured interviews with ten Chinese females aged between 35-45 and who own luxury bags. Thematic analysis was applied in this study and connected with the human behavior model closely and deeply.   The study revealed that attitude to behavior is an essential factor for female consumers to purchase luxury goods. The behavioral and control beliefs are consistent with the needs of status, which also influence Chinese female consumers. Therein Chinese culture is an undeniable factor affecting them. However, normative beliefs have little impact in this field. These findings are favorable for Luxury companies to make appropriate female consumer-oriented marketing strategies in China’s luxury goods market.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore the consumer resale behaviour of Millennial consumers in the context of personal luxury goods in order to identify the motivational drivers and barriers of reselling. Prior discussions about resale behaviour have focused on disposition behaviour, the relation of resale behaviour and purchasing, as well as meanings associated with reselling personal luxury goods. Yet, only few studies have approached consumer resale behaviour from the perspective of possessing, thus neglecting the significance of resale barriers. Consequently, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of resale behaviour motivations by exploring the phenomenon from the view of the whole consumption cycle, consisting of purchasing, possessing and disposing. Design/methodology/approach – This research employed a qualitative, exploratory approach, including thematic analysis using empirical data from semi-structured interviews with ten European Millennials. Consumer resale behaviour was examined in the context of personal luxury goods. Findings – Results indicate that personal luxury goods are reluctantly disposed, but chiefly resold when given away. The motivations to resell or not to resell personal luxury items are exhibiting three types of reasoning: utilitarian, hedonic and social motivations. Based on the categorisation of resale drivers and barriers, the authors propose a conceptual model to show the individual motivations. Highly notable is the phase of possession, which has a strong influence on the decision of whether to engage in reselling or not. Originality/value – The paper discusses the relevance of each phase of the consumption cycle when studying consumer resale behaviour motivations. More, it challenges the ‘end of ownership’ approach and suggests luxury brands to consider the weight of possessing if applying such business models.

Аналитики и маркетологи в последние два десятилетия отмечают бурный рост рынка предметов роскоши. Несмотря на большой интерес со стороны ученых, практиков и даже обывателей к товарам категории роскоши, до сих пор в научной литературе нет единой теории маркетинга и менеджмента этих товаров. / Analysts and marketers in the last two decades have noted the rapid growth of the luxury goods market. Despite the great interest on the part of scientists, practitioners and even philistines to luxury goods, there is still no unified theory of marketing and management of these goods in the scientific literature.

Denna studie utforskar faktorer som påverkar Svenska konsumenters beslutsfattande vid konsumtion av plagiatprodukter. Förfalskade produkter är imitationer av populära märken som erbjuds till betydligt lägre priser än originalprodukterna. Syftet med studien var att få en djupare förståelse för de faktorer som påverkar konsumenternas beslut att välja förfalskade produkter. Forskarna använde sig av en kvalitativ forskningsmetod och genomförde intervjuer med nio respondenter i åldern 21-27 år. Alla deltagare var svenska medborgare och bosatta i Sverige. Genom tematisk analys undersöktes och analyserades den insamlade datan för att identifiera faktorer som påverkar konsumenternas val av plagiatprodukter. Resultaten av studien identifierade fem huvudsakliga faktorer som påverkade konsumenternas val av plagiatprodukter: pris, kvalitet , sociala aspekter, etiska och tillgänglighet. Pris var den mest framkommande faktor och var den främsta drivkraften bakom beslutsfattandet. Alla respondenter valde plagiatprodukter på grund av det betydligt lägre priset jämfört med äkta lyxvaror. Sammanfattningsvis visar denna studie att priset, kvaliteten och sociala faktorer spelar en viktig roll i konsumenternas val av plagiatprodukter istället för äkta lyxvaror i Sverige. Medan faktorer som etik och tillgänglighet spelade en mindre betydelsefull roll i köpbeteendet. Det lägre priset är den främsta anledningen till att många konsumenter väljer plagiatprodukter, medan vissa även tar hänsyn till kvaliteten och de sociala aspekterna i sitt beslutsfattande. Studien visade också hur svenska konsumenter har mer gemensamt med västländer vad gäller faktorer än östländer. Denna forskning ger insikt i konsumentbeteendet kring plagiatprodukter och kan vara användbar för företag och marknadsförare som vill förstå och nå denna specifika målgrupp. / This study explores factors that influence Swedish consumers' decision-making when consuming plagiarized products. Counterfeit products are imitations of popular brands offered at significantly lower prices than the original products. The purpose of the study was to gain a deeper understanding of the factors that influence consumers' decisions to choose counterfeit products. The researchers used a qualitative research method and conducted interviews with nine respondents aged 21-27. All participants were Swedish citizens and resident in Sweden. Through thematic analysis, the collected data was examined and analyzed to identify factors that influence consumers' choice of plagiarized products. The study's findings identified five main factors influencing consumers' choices of counterfeit products: price, quality, social aspects, ethical and availability. Price was a factor mentioned in all cases and was the primary driving force behind the decision-making process. All respondents opted for counterfeit products due to their significantly lower prices compared to authentic luxury goods. In summary, this study demonstrates that price, quality, and social factors play significant roles in consumers' choices of counterfeit products instead of authentic luxury goods in Sweden. While factors such as ethical and availability played a lesser significant role in the purchasing behaviour. The lower price is the primary reason why many consumers opt for counterfeit products, while some also consider the quality and social aspects in their decision- making process. The study also learned that Swedish consumers have more in common with western countries in terms of factors than eastern countries This research provides insights into consumer behavior regarding counterfeit products and can be valuable for companies and marketers seeking to understand and reach this specific target audience.

A global strategic financial analysis of the luxury retail industry was conducted. The research entailed comprehensive analyses and forecasts of the global economy, the luxury retail industry and four of the most prominent, multi-national luxury goods firms in the world. These companies included: Coach, Michael Kors, Tiffany & Co., and LVMH Moet Hennessy, whom market among the world's finest personal luxury goods from handbags, clothing and accessories to diamonds, jewelry, watches, fragrances, cosmetics and wines. The macroeconomic analysis focused on factors pertinent to the luxury goods industry such as: (1) the lasting effects of the global financial crisis, our gradual emergence from the Great Recession and the impact these conditions have had on consumer spending and confidence; (2) the generational shift of consumers from the retiring baby boomers to the technologically savvy Generation Z and their unique demands for products as well as experiences; and (3) the growth and demand from emerging economies, especially China which is the globe's top luxury nationality accounting for 25% of all luxury purchases worldwide. Comprehensive financial ratio analyses, SWOT assessments, technical trends and forecasts of revenues, earnings and share prices for the four companies, resulted in recommendations to investors and advice to top management of the four firms. Luxury retail is a fascinating, recession resilient industry and it is expected to reach €1 trillion within the next 5 years. However, regardless of how successful firms in this industry have been in the past, to survive and continue to succeed, it is imperative that they remain flexible and adaptable in this ever-changing world.

Présente depuis le temps des Romains, et bien au-delà des simples «articles de Paris», la contrefaçon s’est introduite dans tous les domaines de fabrication. L’objectif de cette recherche est de déterminer quelles peuvent être les raisons et les motivations qui poussent un groupe d’immigrants à se spécialiser dans la vente de contrefaçon d’objet de luxe. Pour y répondre, nous proposons de suivre deux hypothèses. D'une part, le contexte politicoéconomique international est constitué de telle sorte qu'il favorise un groupe restreint de pays et limite en contrepartie les débouchés à bon nombre de pays en développement. Les pays développés modulent, ou font pression sur les organisations internationales à leur image afin d'en tirer davantage de bénéfices, et souvent au détriment des pays en développement. Et d'autre part, à l'intérieur de ces populations en mouvement, certains individus font le choix (inévitable ou stratégique) de se cantonner dans un commerce de la rue, parfois illégal, comme c'est le cas de la vente d'objet de luxe contrefait. D’un autre côté, l’adhésion d’un individu à un commerce illégal ne peut lui être totalement imposée par des forces extérieures. Ainsi, il est démontré dans ce travail, que la vente de contrefaçon répond aux particularités et aux exigences de certains individus: statut d’immigrants illégaux, peu ou pas d’expérience de travail compatible avec le pays d’accueil, travail sans contraintes d’horaire, travail à l’extérieur et, surtout, favorisant la vie sociale. / Present since Roman Empire, and that well beyond the simple "articles de Paris", counterfeiting has been introduced in all areas of manufacturing. The objective of this research is to determine what are the reasons and motivations for an immigrant group to specialize in selling counterfeiting luxury. To answer this, we propose two hypotheses. On the one hand, the international politico-economic context is such that it favors a small group of countries and limits, in return, the opportunities of in many countries in development. Developed countries modulate, or lobby, international organizations according to their values and they want to draw the greatest benefits. Often, these benefits are harmful to the others. Secondly, within moving populations, some people are choosing (inevitably or strategically) to confine themselves in a street trade, sometimes illegal, as is the case of the counterfeiting luxury’s selling. On the other hand, illegal trade cannot be fully imposed to individuals by external forces. Thus, it is shown in this work that the sale of counterfeit features meets some expectations and constraints of sellers: illegal immigrant status, no job experience in the host country, no schedule constraints, working outside and, especially, promoting social life jobs.

M. Tech. (Marketing, Faculty of Management Sciences), Vaal University of Technology / One important motivating force that influences a wide range of consumer behaviour is the desire to gain status or social prestige from the acquisition and consumption of goods. More often than not, individuals purchase expensive and luxury goods to display their social standing. In addition, individuals purchase status products to fulfil their material desires and reinforce their group identity. This is often a case with regards to youth consumers who often purchase expensive, luxury fashionable clothing brands to portray status and impress their peers. This behaviour seems to be trending among township consumers. The township market is a major contributor to the South African economy with an annual spending power of approximately R307-R308 billion. This study sought to investigate the influence of fashion clothing involvement, materialism and group identity on fashion brand status consumption amongst the youth. The research concentrates specifically on township youth consumers aged between 18 to 24 years, located in the Sedibeng district. This study made use of a non-probability convenience sample. A self-administered questionnaire was designed based on the scales used in previous studies. Five fieldworkers were selected and received training from the researcher on the purpose of the research as well as the critical elements of fieldwork. Once the training was completed, the questionnaires were distributed by fieldworkers. The questionnaire requested respondents to indicate on a five-point Likert scale the extent of their agreement or disagreement with items designed to measure their status consumption, fashion clothing involvement, materialism and group identity. In addition, the participants were requested to provide certain demographic data. For this study, a sample of 400 township youth individuals, residing within the Sedibeng district, was drawn. From this sample, only 345 questionnaires were usable leading to a response rate of 83 percent. The captured data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics comprising of correlation and regression analysis. The findings indicate that fashion clothing involvement significantly and positively predicted status consumption of township youth consumers. Therefore, the results show that fashion-involved consumers are more likely to engage in status consumption. There was a direct relationship between materialism and status consumption. Group identity had a significant positive influence on status consumption. Owing to the high demand for status brands or products by township youth consumers, it is recommended that marketers should tap the market potential of this consumer segment while considering the influence of their reference groups. In addition, their advertisements should emphasise the brand or product’s ability to indicate status. Furthermore, marketers should make use of social media to effectively reach youth consumers. Insights gained from this study will help marketers to better understand township youth consumers, their engagement in status consumption, and their involvement in fashion clothing, which, in turn, should help them tailor their marketing efforts in such a way as to appeal to this segment in an appropriate manner.