Estudos recentes avaliaram o papel do Magnetic Activated cell Sorting (MACS, separação celular por ativação magnética) para reduzir a percentagem de espermatozoides apoptóticos e melhorar a qualidade seminal. No entanto, a eficiência do uso do MACS isoladamente, antes ou depois do processamento seminal pelos métodos clássicos, como o centrifugação em gradiente de densidade (DGC), ainda não foi estabelecida, de modo que o protocolo de uso do método não foi adequadamente estabelecido. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se o MACS sozinho, antes (MACS-DGC) ou depois do processamento seminal pelo DGC (DGC-MACS) melhora a seleção espermática quando comparado ao processamento pelo DGC. Realizou-se um estudo prospectivo experimental avaliando amostras de sêmen de 15 homens saudáveis. A mesma amostra foi dividida em 4 alíquotas e processada por: DGC, DGC-MACS, MACS-DGC e MACS. Após o processamento, foram analisadas a integridade do DNA espermático pelo método TUNEL - TdT-mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling (marcação de quebras no DNA por dUTP e deoxinucleotidil terminal transferase) assim como a concentração de espermatozoides, a motilidade progressiva e a morfologia, segundo os últimos critérios adotados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. A percentagem de dano ao DNA foi significativamente menor no grupo MACSDGC, quando comparado com DGC e MACS, e semelhante a do grupo DGC-MACS. A concentração de espermatozoides recuperados nos grupos de DGC e MACS foi similar e significativamente maior do que MACS-DGC e DGC-MACS, que foram semelhantes entre si. A motilidade progressiva dos espermatozoides recuperados foi semelhante nos grupos MACS-DGC e DGC e significativamente maior do que nos grupos DGC-MACS e MACS. O percentual de espermatozoides com morfologia normal foi significativamente maior no grupo MACS-DGC quando comparado ao DGC-MACS e MACS, e semelhante quando comparado com DGC. Desta forma, evidenciou-se que ambos os métodos combinados promovem a recuperação de espermatozoides com menor percentagem de dano ao DNA espermático. O MACS isoladamente ou aplicado após o DGC promove redução significativa dos espermatozoides progressivos recuperados, assim como da percentagem de espermatozoides com morfologia normal. Todavia, o MACS aplicado antes do DGC promove a recuperação de amostras com elevada percentagem de espermatozoides com motilidade progressiva e morfologia normal, aliada a baixa percentagem de DNA fragmentado, sugerindo ser o melhor protocolo de uso desta metodologia, cuja importância clínica precisa ser avaliada em estudos clínicos bem delineados. / Recent studies evaluated the role of Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting (MACS) in order to reduce the percentage of apoptotic sperm and improve seminal quality. However, the effectiveness of using MACS alone, before or after seminal processing by classical methods, such as the density gradient centrifugation (DGC), has not yet been established. Thus, the role of the present study was evaluate whether: MACS alone, before (MACS-DGC) or after seminal processing by DGC (DGC-MACS) improves sperm selection when compared to DGC. A prospective experimental study was conducted evaluating semen samples from 15 healthy men. The same sample was divided into 4 aliquots and processed by: DGC, DGC-MACS, MACS-DGC and MACS. After processing, the integrity of the sperm DNA was analyzed by TUNEL - TdT - mediated dUTP method Nick End Labeling (marking DNA breaks by dUTP and deoxynucleotidyl terminal transferase), sperm concentration, progressive motility and morphology according to the last criteria adopted by the World Health Organization. The percentage of DNA damage was significantly lower in the MACS-DGC group, when compared to DGC and MACS, and similar to the DGC-MACS group. The concentration of spermatozoa recovered in the DGC and MACS groups was similar and significantly higher than MACS-DGC and DGC-MACS, which were similar to each other. The progressive motility was similar in the MACS-DGC and DGC groups and significantly higher than in the DGC-MACS and MACS groups. The percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology was significantly higher in the MACS-DGC group when compared to DGC-MACS and MACS, and similar when compared to DGC. Thus, it was evidenced that both methods combined promote the recovery of spermatozoa with a lower percentage of DNA damage. MACS alone or applied after the DGC promotes a significant reduction of the progressive sperm retrieved, as well as the percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology. However, the MACS applied before the DGC promotes the recovery of samples with a higher percentage of spermatozoa with progressive motility and normal morphology, combined with low percentage of fragmented DNA, suggesting to be the best protocol, whose clinical importance needs to be evaluated in well-delineated clinical studies.

Estudos recentes avaliaram o papel do Magnetic Activated cell Sorting (MACS, separação celular por ativação magnética) para reduzir a percentagem de espermatozoides apoptóticos e melhorar a qualidade seminal. No entanto, a eficiência do uso do MACS isoladamente, antes ou depois do processamento seminal pelos métodos clássicos, como o centrifugação em gradiente de densidade (DGC), ainda não foi estabelecida, de modo que o protocolo de uso do método não foi adequadamente estabelecido. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se o MACS sozinho, antes (MACS-DGC) ou depois do processamento seminal pelo DGC (DGC-MACS) melhora a seleção espermática quando comparado ao processamento pelo DGC. Realizou-se um estudo prospectivo experimental avaliando amostras de sêmen de 15 homens saudáveis. A mesma amostra foi dividida em 4 alíquotas e processada por: DGC, DGC-MACS, MACS-DGC e MACS. Após o processamento, foram analisadas a integridade do DNA espermático pelo método TUNEL - TdT-mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling (marcação de quebras no DNA por dUTP e deoxinucleotidil terminal transferase) assim como a concentração de espermatozoides, a motilidade progressiva e a morfologia, segundo os últimos critérios adotados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. A percentagem de dano ao DNA foi significativamente menor no grupo MACSDGC, quando comparado com DGC e MACS, e semelhante a do grupo DGC-MACS. A concentração de espermatozoides recuperados nos grupos de DGC e MACS foi similar e significativamente maior do que MACS-DGC e DGC-MACS, que foram semelhantes entre si. A motilidade progressiva dos espermatozoides recuperados foi semelhante nos grupos MACS-DGC e DGC e significativamente maior do que nos grupos DGC-MACS e MACS. O percentual de espermatozoides com morfologia normal foi significativamente maior no grupo MACS-DGC quando comparado ao DGC-MACS e MACS, e semelhante quando comparado com DGC. Desta forma, evidenciou-se que ambos os métodos combinados promovem a recuperação de espermatozoides com menor percentagem de dano ao DNA espermático. O MACS isoladamente ou aplicado após o DGC promove redução significativa dos espermatozoides progressivos recuperados, assim como da percentagem de espermatozoides com morfologia normal. Todavia, o MACS aplicado antes do DGC promove a recuperação de amostras com elevada percentagem de espermatozoides com motilidade progressiva e morfologia normal, aliada a baixa percentagem de DNA fragmentado, sugerindo ser o melhor protocolo de uso desta metodologia, cuja importância clínica precisa ser avaliada em estudos clínicos bem delineados. / Recent studies evaluated the role of Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting (MACS) in order to reduce the percentage of apoptotic sperm and improve seminal quality. However, the effectiveness of using MACS alone, before or after seminal processing by classical methods, such as the density gradient centrifugation (DGC), has not yet been established. Thus, the role of the present study was evaluate whether: MACS alone, before (MACS-DGC) or after seminal processing by DGC (DGC-MACS) improves sperm selection when compared to DGC. A prospective experimental study was conducted evaluating semen samples from 15 healthy men. The same sample was divided into 4 aliquots and processed by: DGC, DGC-MACS, MACS-DGC and MACS. After processing, the integrity of the sperm DNA was analyzed by TUNEL - TdT - mediated dUTP method Nick End Labeling (marking DNA breaks by dUTP and deoxynucleotidyl terminal transferase), sperm concentration, progressive motility and morphology according to the last criteria adopted by the World Health Organization. The percentage of DNA damage was significantly lower in the MACS-DGC group, when compared to DGC and MACS, and similar to the DGC-MACS group. The concentration of spermatozoa recovered in the DGC and MACS groups was similar and significantly higher than MACS-DGC and DGC-MACS, which were similar to each other. The progressive motility was similar in the MACS-DGC and DGC groups and significantly higher than in the DGC-MACS and MACS groups. The percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology was significantly higher in the MACS-DGC group when compared to DGC-MACS and MACS, and similar when compared to DGC. Thus, it was evidenced that both methods combined promote the recovery of spermatozoa with a lower percentage of DNA damage. MACS alone or applied after the DGC promotes a significant reduction of the progressive sperm retrieved, as well as the percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology. However, the MACS applied before the DGC promotes the recovery of samples with a higher percentage of spermatozoa with progressive motility and normal morphology, combined with low percentage of fragmented DNA, suggesting to be the best protocol, whose clinical importance needs to be evaluated in well-delineated clinical studies.

The most critical problem of NMR spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the relatively low sensitivity compared to other forms of spectroscopy, limiting the applicability of these techniques. Most of the existing research focused on trying to alleviate these problems through hyperpolarization techniques, strong magnetic fields, low temperature experiments (<25K), and pulse sequence development. Going beyond the previously stated methods, researchers found that the implementation of smaller resonant coils is a more convenient and effective way to alleviate the problem of low sensitivity in NMR spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. In this work, a systematic optimization of the parameters for micro-coil probes and magic-angle coil spinning (MACS) probes was carried out with various common NMR nuclear species such as 1H, 31P, 23Na, 79Br on two NMR spectrometers (200 MHz and 500 MHz). The optimized wire diameter, coil diameter, number of turns, the inner and outer diameters of the capillary, the matching capacitors etc have been obtained and demonstrated with a real biological system. In addition, we found that the conventional placement of the sample within the glass tube wrapped by a coil yields a lower signal and sensitivity when compared to coating the sample onto the coil prior to wrapping around the capillary. A new method of performing MACS experiment with micro-coil technology, therefore, was subsequently proposed, namely, micro surface coil magic angle spinning (MISCMAS). The optimized experimental conditions were then determined with both liquid and solid state samples.

A norma brasileira ABNT NBR 14323:2013 apresenta um método para o dimensionamento de lajes mistas de aço e concreto em situação de incêndio. No entanto, esse procedimento não inclui o efeito do comportamento de membrana da laje. Usando a teoria de placas para grandes deslocamentos, esta pesquisa estabelece que as altas temperaturas podem induzir uma considerável ação de membrana de tração, auxiliando na segurança da laje em situação de incêndio. No desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta para o dimensionamento a partir do método analítico de lajes mistas em situação de incêndio, uma série de estudos foi desenvolvida para a análise do comportamento de membrana de tração a altas temperaturas. O método analítico mais conhecido é o método de Bailey. Comparações entre os métodos de Bailey e da ABNT NBR 14323:2013, e análises empregando os programas Vulcan e MACS+ foram realizadas. Neste trabalho, compararam-se resultados empregando o método de Bailey e do programa de computador MACS+, que teve por base o próprio método de Bailey. Como esperado, os resultados foram similares. Ainda, neste trabalho, realizaram-se alguns estudos numéricos empregando o método dos elementos finitos, por meio do programa de computador Vulcan e compararam-se resultados entre o método de Bailey e Vulcan. Uma investigação sobre possíveis simplificações da formulação da ABNT NBR 14323:2013 também foi realizada. / The Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 14323:2013 presents a method for the composite slabs fire design. However, it doesnt include the effect of the slab behaving as a membrane. Using the theory of plates for large displacements, the research establishes that high temperatures can induce a considerable tensile membrane action, assisting in the safety of the slab in fire. In developing a tool for the analytical method composite slabs fire design, some studies were made to analyze the behavior of tensile membrane at high temperatures. The most popular analytical method is the Baileys method. In this study, analysis of the Baileys methods, the Brazilian standard and the Vulcan and MACS+ software were performed and the results were compared. As expected, the results were similar. Still, in this work, there have been some numerical studies employing the finite element method, using the computer program Vulcan, and results were compared between the Baileys method and Vulcan. An investigation about possible simplifications of the formulation presented by Brazilian standard were also developed.

A norma brasileira ABNT NBR 14323:2013 apresenta um método para o dimensionamento de lajes mistas de aço e concreto em situação de incêndio. No entanto, esse procedimento não inclui o efeito do comportamento de membrana da laje. Usando a teoria de placas para grandes deslocamentos, esta pesquisa estabelece que as altas temperaturas podem induzir uma considerável ação de membrana de tração, auxiliando na segurança da laje em situação de incêndio. No desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta para o dimensionamento a partir do método analítico de lajes mistas em situação de incêndio, uma série de estudos foi desenvolvida para a análise do comportamento de membrana de tração a altas temperaturas. O método analítico mais conhecido é o método de Bailey. Comparações entre os métodos de Bailey e da ABNT NBR 14323:2013, e análises empregando os programas Vulcan e MACS+ foram realizadas. Neste trabalho, compararam-se resultados empregando o método de Bailey e do programa de computador MACS+, que teve por base o próprio método de Bailey. Como esperado, os resultados foram similares. Ainda, neste trabalho, realizaram-se alguns estudos numéricos empregando o método dos elementos finitos, por meio do programa de computador Vulcan e compararam-se resultados entre o método de Bailey e Vulcan. Uma investigação sobre possíveis simplificações da formulação da ABNT NBR 14323:2013 também foi realizada. / The Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 14323:2013 presents a method for the composite slabs fire design. However, it doesnt include the effect of the slab behaving as a membrane. Using the theory of plates for large displacements, the research establishes that high temperatures can induce a considerable tensile membrane action, assisting in the safety of the slab in fire. In developing a tool for the analytical method composite slabs fire design, some studies were made to analyze the behavior of tensile membrane at high temperatures. The most popular analytical method is the Baileys method. In this study, analysis of the Baileys methods, the Brazilian standard and the Vulcan and MACS+ software were performed and the results were compared. As expected, the results were similar. Still, in this work, there have been some numerical studies employing the finite element method, using the computer program Vulcan, and results were compared between the Baileys method and Vulcan. An investigation about possible simplifications of the formulation presented by Brazilian standard were also developed.

Etwa 15% aller Paare bleiben ungewollt kinderlos. Männliche Faktoren sind in circa einem Drittel der Fälle als ursächlich anzusehen. Jedoch sind die Erfolgsraten der Therapie männlicher Infertilität durch assistierte Reproduktion auch nach über 30 Jahren seit deren Einführung unbefriedigend. Bestehende Spermienaufbereitungsmethoden wie einfaches Waschen, swim up oder die Dichtegradientenzentrifugation basieren auf makroskopisch-funktionellen Parametern wie Motilität und Morphologie. Spezifische Eigenschaften wie etwa eine aktivierte Apoptosesignalkaskade der Spermien werden dabei nicht berücksichtigt. Die wesentlichen Elemente verschiedener Signalwege der aus somatischen Zellen bekannten Apoptose konnten auch am humanen ejakulierten Spermatozoon nachgewiesen werden. Über die (negativen) Auswirkungen der Apoptose auf die männliche Fruchtbarkeit gibt es einen Konsens. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, Selektionsmethoden zu entwickeln, welche auf subzellulärer Ebene intakte Spermien mit dem größtmöglichen Fertilisationspotential aus dem Ejakulat extrahieren. In einem ersten Versuchskomplex konnte gezeigt werden, dass durch die Kombination von Dichtegradientenzentrifugation und swim-up (Standardmethoden in Reproduktionskliniken und andrologischen Laboren) zur Aufbereitung der Spermien von subfertilen Patienten eine akzeptable Reduktion der Spermien mit aktivierter Apoptosesignalkaskade erreicht werden kann. Jedoch gaben die großen interindividuellen Unterschiede im Separationseffekt Anlass zur Entwicklung innovativer Untersuchungs- und Separationsmethoden. So wurden unter anderem fluoreszenzbasierte Tests zur Evaluation von Spermiendefekten, wie beispielsweise einer gestörten Integrität des mitochondrialen Membranpotentials, eingeführt. In den Untersuchungen wurde die Praktikabilität dieser neuen Analyseverfahren im Routineeinsatz unter Standardbedingungen getestet und bestätigt. Die innovative Selektionsmethode der Annexin V-MACS Separation basiert auf der Bindung von Annexin V-MicroBeads an apoptotische Spermien, womit eine Subpopulation reifer, motiler und vitaler Spermien mit inaktivierter Apoptosesignalkaskade gezielt angereichert wird. Das Konzept wurde zudem erfolgreich auf ein (Glaswoll-) Festphasen-Filtersystem ohne frei schwimmende Microbeads übertragen. Dadurch gelang die Minimierung eines potentiellen Transmissionsrisikos der Microbeads bei der Anwendung im Rahmen der künstlichen Befruchtung. Den hohen Stellenwert dieser Verfahren belegen die Ergebnisse zweier in-vitro Modelle, an denen erstmalig gezeigt werden konnte, dass durch die Selektion von Spermien mit inaktivierter Apoptose-Signalkaskade höhere Fertilisationsraten erreichbar sind.

Etwa 15% aller Paare bleiben ungewollt kinderlos. Männliche Faktoren sind in circa einem Drittel der Fälle als ursächlich anzusehen. Jedoch sind die Erfolgsraten der Therapie männlicher Infertilität durch assistierte Reproduktion auch nach über 30 Jahren seit deren Einführung unbefriedigend. Bestehende Spermienaufbereitungsmethoden wie einfaches Waschen, swim up oder die Dichtegradientenzentrifugation basieren auf makroskopisch-funktionellen Parametern wie Motilität und Morphologie. Spezifische Eigenschaften wie etwa eine aktivierte Apoptosesignalkaskade der Spermien werden dabei nicht berücksichtigt. Die wesentlichen Elemente verschiedener Signalwege der aus somatischen Zellen bekannten Apoptose konnten auch am humanen ejakulierten Spermatozoon nachgewiesen werden. Über die (negativen) Auswirkungen der Apoptose auf die männliche Fruchtbarkeit gibt es einen Konsens. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, Selektionsmethoden zu entwickeln, welche auf subzellulärer Ebene intakte Spermien mit dem größtmöglichen Fertilisationspotential aus dem Ejakulat extrahieren. In einem ersten Versuchskomplex konnte gezeigt werden, dass durch die Kombination von Dichtegradientenzentrifugation und swim-up (Standardmethoden in Reproduktionskliniken und andrologischen Laboren) zur Aufbereitung der Spermien von subfertilen Patienten eine akzeptable Reduktion der Spermien mit aktivierter Apoptosesignalkaskade erreicht werden kann. Jedoch gaben die großen interindividuellen Unterschiede im Separationseffekt Anlass zur Entwicklung innovativer Untersuchungs- und Separationsmethoden. So wurden unter anderem fluoreszenzbasierte Tests zur Evaluation von Spermiendefekten, wie beispielsweise einer gestörten Integrität des mitochondrialen Membranpotentials, eingeführt. In den Untersuchungen wurde die Praktikabilität dieser neuen Analyseverfahren im Routineeinsatz unter Standardbedingungen getestet und bestätigt. Die innovative Selektionsmethode der Annexin V-MACS Separation basiert auf der Bindung von Annexin V-MicroBeads an apoptotische Spermien, womit eine Subpopulation reifer, motiler und vitaler Spermien mit inaktivierter Apoptosesignalkaskade gezielt angereichert wird. Das Konzept wurde zudem erfolgreich auf ein (Glaswoll-) Festphasen-Filtersystem ohne frei schwimmende Microbeads übertragen. Dadurch gelang die Minimierung eines potentiellen Transmissionsrisikos der Microbeads bei der Anwendung im Rahmen der künstlichen Befruchtung. Den hohen Stellenwert dieser Verfahren belegen die Ergebnisse zweier in-vitro Modelle, an denen erstmalig gezeigt werden konnte, dass durch die Selektion von Spermien mit inaktivierter Apoptose-Signalkaskade höhere Fertilisationsraten erreichbar sind.

Measurement of the gas velocity distribution in galaxy clusters provides insight into the physics of mergers, through which large scale structures form in the Universe. Velocity estimates within the intracluster medium (ICM) can be obtained via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect, but its observation is challenging both in term of sensitivity requirement and control of systematic effects, including the removal of contaminants. In this paper we report resolved observations, at 150 and 260 GHz, of the SZ effect toward the triple merger MACS J0717.5 + 3745 (z = 0.55), using data obtained with the NIKA camera at the IRAM 30 m telescope. Assuming that the SZ signal is the sum of a thermal (tSZ) and a kinetic (kSZ) component and by combining the two NIKA bands, we extract for the first time a resolved map of the kSZ signal in a cluster. The kSZ signal is dominated by a dipolar structure that peaks at -5.1 and + 3.4 sigma, corresponding to two subclusters moving respectively away and toward us and coincident with the cold dense X-ray core and a hot region undergoing a major merging event. We model the gas electron density and line-of-sight velocity of MACS J0717.5 + 3745 as four subclusters. Combining NIKA data with X-ray observations from XMM-Newton and Chandra, we fit this model to constrain the gas line-of-sight velocity of each component, and we also derive, for the first time, a velocity map from kSZ data (i. e. that is model-dependent). Our results are consistent with previous constraints on the merger velocities, and thanks to the high angular resolution of our data, we are able to resolve the structure of the gas velocity. Finally, we investigate possible contamination and systematic effects with a special care given to radio and submillimeter galaxies. Among the sources that we detect with NIKA, we find one which is likely to be a high redshift lensed submillimeter galaxy.

We present VIMOS-Very Large Telescope (VLT) spectroscopy of the Frontier Fields cluster MACS. J0416.1-2403 (z = 0.397). Taken as part of the CLASH-VLT survey, the large spectroscopic campaign provided more than 4000 reliable redshifts over similar to 600 arcmin(2), including similar to 800 cluster member galaxies. The unprecedented sample of cluster members at this redshift allows us to perform a highly detailed dynamical and structural analysis of the cluster out to similar to 2.2 r(200) (similar to 4Mpc). Our analysis of substructures reveals a complex system composed of a main massive cluster (M-200 similar to 0.9 x 10(15) M-circle dot and sigma(V r200) similar to 1000 km s(-1)) presenting two major features: (i) a bimodal velocity distribution, showing two central peaks separated by Delta V-rf similar to 1100 km s(-1) with comparable galaxy content and velocity dispersion, and (ii) a projected elongation of the main substructures along the NE-SW direction, with a prominent sub-clump similar to 600 kpc SW of the center and an isolated BCG approximately halfway between the center and the SW clump. We also detect a low-mass structure at z similar to 0.390, similar to 10' south of the cluster center, projected at similar to 3Mpc, with a relative line-of-sight velocity of Delta V-rf similar to 1700 km s(-1). The cluster mass profile that we obtain through our dynamical analysis deviates significantly from the "universal" NFW, being best fit by a Softened Isothermal Sphere model instead. The mass profile measured from the galaxy dynamics is found to be in relatively good agreement with those obtained from strong and weak lensing, as well as with that from the X-rays, despite the clearly unrelaxed nature of the cluster. Our results reveal an overall complex dynamical state of this massive cluster and support the hypothesis that the two main subclusters are being observed in a pre-collisional phase, in agreement with recent findings from radio and deep X-ray data. In this article, we also release the entire redshift catalog of 4386 sources in the field of this cluster, which includes 60 identified Chandra X-ray sources and 105 JVLA radio sources.

Ein Bericht aus der Nationalbibliothek kann nicht anders als mit großen Zahlen zu operieren. Dr. Lösse berichtet über Arbeiten in der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek unter den Stichworten intern, national und international. Intern: Im Jahr 2008 wurden 80 000 Titel mit DDC klassifiziert. Der Web-Service für DDC "MELVIL" wird aktualisiert. Bis zum Erscheinen der 23. Ausgabe der DDC im Jahr 2010 sind über 10 000 Klassen zu bearbeiten. Neues von DDC national: Im Projekt Criss Cross werden Sachschlagwörter mit DDC Notationen verknüpft; von 150 000 SSW sind 65 000 SSW fertig gestellt, MELVIL wird mit diesen Sachschlagwörtern angereichert und die Notationsrecherche wird damit verbessert. Im übrigen beteiligte sich die DNB an einem – nationalen – Automatisierungstest. Zur automatischen Vergabe von DDC-Notationen zu Titelsätzen lieferte Dr. Ulrike Reiner, Göttingen, eine Programmierung (über die sie bei den Jahrestagungen 2007 und 2008 berichtet hat: <a href="http://archiv.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/2007/0139">http://archiv.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/2007/0139</a> <a href="http://archiv.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/2008/0150">http://archiv.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/2008/0150</a> Die Testanordnung umfaßte jeweils ca. 100 Titel aus den zehn Hauptklassen von DDC. Die Verknüpfungsergebnisse wurden bewertet. Ein erneuter Testlauf ist im Jahr 2009 wieder geplant. In der DNB gibt es Möglichkeiten zur DDC-Fortbildung! Ansprechpartner ist Dr. Bee, Frankfurt/ Main: G.Bee@d-nb.de. Anlässlich des Gedenksymposiums für Frau Magda Heiner-Freiling am 10.4.08 erschien die Gedenkschrift "New Perspectives on Subject Indexing and Classification" mit 34 Beiträgen. Gegen eine Schutzgebühr von 10 Euro kann die Gedenkschrift unter der Adresse a.cremer@d-nb.de bestellt werden. Die Weiterentwicklung von MACS (Multilingual access to subjects) erfolgt unter Leitung und in Zusammenarbeit mit der Schweizerischen Nationalbibliothek unter dem Dach von CENL mit Beteiligung der Französischen, Britischen und Deutschen Nationalbibliothek(en). Ziel ist die Herstellung einer Verbindung zwischen den Sachschlagwörtern der drei Schlagwortnormdateien Rameau, Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) und Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD) zur sachlichen Suche im deutsch-, englisch- und französischsprachigen Raum. Stand: 65 700 Double RAMEAU-LCSH; 20 000 Tripple RAMEAU-LCSH-SWD; im Jahr 2009 ist verstärkte Einbindung der SWD geplant.