For decades, men in South Africa and many African countries have enjoyed the role of being the main providers and protectors of the family. The concept, “head of the family” implied a lot in terms of playing a leading role in the family. A man literarily became the main provider of the family while the woman was the family maker, i.e. looked after the family. Since the new dispensation in South Africa, the economic situation of women has improved tremendously. The campaign for the equality through the Gender Equality process and the Feminine Theology has seen many women coming out of the oppression of economy and climbing the ladders of prosperity and better live. On the hand, the policy of gender equality seems to have negative effects on the lives of men who had the privilege of having better salaries and enjoying the economic authority and being the major breadwinners in the family. Before this, many women’s salaries were just an augmentation of the husband’s salary and most of the financial transactions in the family were done in the name of the husband. Women could not buy on credit without the authorization of the husbands. With the new dispensation, all those barriers have been removed and women have been empowered to participate in the financial transactions without getting authorizations of their spouses. Once men lose their jobs or discover that their wives are earning far more than they do, they get depressed and their lives deteriorate hopelessly. They become alcoholics and sometimes take their own lives or decide to wipe out the whole family. This situation does not only confine itself to married couples, but to single men as well, especially the young ones. Many young women have the opportunity of going through tertiary education and are therefore earning better salaries and can afford to buy houses and cars independently from male counterparts. They do not need the security and comfort of men and can live on their own. It is because of the escalation of the phenomenon of traumatised men that the researcher was challenged to want to study it further, to see how prevalent it is and work with men to make them aware of it and to find ways of accepting it as a reality. The researcher further worked on a strategy to develop a counselling model or strategies for the Church to help the affected men and to prepare those who have not yet been involved to be ready. / Dissertation (MA(Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

Les matériaux multiferroïques magnétoélectriques (ME) présentant simultanément des propriétés couplées de ferromagnétisme et de ferroélectricité suscitent beaucoup d’attention, non seulement pour leurs applications (comme la RAM magnétique de nouvelle génération), mais aussi pour la compréhension de la physique relative à ce couplage. Le but de cette thèse était de découvrir et de caractériser de nouveaux composés potentiellement multiferroïques, d’où le choix des trirutiles inverses. Ce manuscrit présente l'étude détaillée du trirutile inverse Mn2TeO6 et quelques résultats sur la série substituée au chrome Mn2-xCrxTeO6. Les composés Mn2TeO6 et substitués sont préparés par réaction à l'état solide à relativement basse température (<700°C). De nombreuses expériences de diffraction de neutrons et de rayons-X ont été réalisées pour étudier les structures cristallines et magnétiques en fonction de la température (de 700°C à 1.5K), ces données ont été analysées en lien avec les caractérisations des propriétés magnétiques et électriques. Mn2TeO6 s’est révélé un matériau complexe et riche en transitions en fonction de la température. En température décroissante, Mn2TeO6 présente d’abord une transition d’une structure tétragonale (P42/mnm) à une double maille monoclinique (P21/c) vers 400°C due à l'effet Jahn-Teller. Une seconde transition très hystérétique apparait à plus basse température, avec la coexistence de deux phases monocliniques entre 45 et 100K. Des transitions magnétiques sont également observées par des mesures de susceptibilité magnétique et de diffraction neutronique. La structure cristalline à température ambiante met en évidence un ordre orbitalaire, dû au manganèse trivalent, complexe et inédit avec une alternance d’octaèdres MnO6 allongés et aplatis décrivant des chevrons. L’impact de l’effet Jahn-Teller induit par le manganèse trivalent est confirmé dans les composés substitués au Cr (avec x ≥ 0,15) qui conservent la structure quadratique sur toute la gamme de température. / Magnetoelectric (ME) multiferroic materials, which present simultaneously two coupled properties between ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity, have attracted much attention recently, not only owing to their application perspectives, e.g., next-generation magnetic RAM, but also for the rich physics associated with the understanding of this coupling. Inverse trirutiles are of particular interest here since ME properties have been reported in this family of compounds. This manuscript presents the study of inverse trirutile Mn2TeO6 and its Cr-substitution series Mn2-xCrxTeO6. Mn2TeO6 and Cr-substituted series were prepared by solid state reaction at relatively low-temperature (< 700°C). Thanks to an extensive use of different techniques performed in a large temperature range (1.5K to 700°C), encompassing synchrotron, neutron and electron diffraction experiments combined with physical properties measurements, the very complex behaviour of Mn2TeO6 was revealed. A structural transition at 400°C from tetragonal (P42/mnm) to monoclinic (P21/c) is observed first, and related to a cooperative Jahn-Teller effect. Further cooling the sample, a hysteretic structural transition is observed spanning more than 50K, which leads to the coexistence of two monoclinic phases. A series of magnetic transitions are also observed between 48K and 22K, with magnetization, heat capacity measurement and neutron diffraction. Cr-substituted (x ≥ 0.15) samples crystallize in the tetragonal phase, implying the suppression of the cooperative Jahn-Teller effect, and involving a simpler, though short–range, magnetic order.

The work focuses on the evaluation Rool mask and costume in human life and their influence on individuality, personality. The need for transformation of individuals with regard to public space in everyday life is reflective of his inner world and falls on his psyche and identity. In my project I looked at myself as an ordinary person with specific and feelings of my own destiny. So I chose a simple white background. I reflected experience in the theoretical part. I chose the photos for me something important. moments related to the momentary internal experience in my life. I focused exclusively on personal and internal experience.

Les travaux décrits dans cette thèse de doctorat visent à traiter les futures architectures de fourniture de services mobiles basés sur le cloud, à travers l'évolution des infrastructures réseau partant de Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) au Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). Nous nous sommes essentiellement concentrés sur le concept Follow Me Cloud (FMC) comme une nouvelle stratégie de fourniture de services pour une meilleure expérience utilisateur et une utilisation efficace des ressources. Cela permet aux services basés sur le cloud de "suivre" leurs utilisateurs mobiles au cours de leurs déplacements à travers les technologies de réseau d'accès, tout en fournissant le service basé sur le cloud via le point de service le plus optimal au sein de l'infrastructure cloud. Plusieurs contributions sont proposées dans cette thèse, avec des évaluations à la fois en analyse théorique et en simulation scientifique.Premièrement, nous avons proposé une architecture alternative FMC qui permet: (i) d'ouvrir la conception FMC sur les technologies d'accès réseau mobile non-3GPP (ii) d'assurer l'interopérabilité entre différents domaines PMIPv6 permettant au MN une itinérance inter-domaines PMIPv6 avec une mobilité IP transparente ainsi qu'une continuité de session de service.(iii) d'offrir une architecture sans tunnel dans les situations d'itinérance de MN, en évitant ainsi toute surcharge supplémentaire liée aux tunnels dans la gestion de la mobilité. Le schéma proposé exploite la technologie SDN/OpenFlow et le protocole de gestion de la mobilité PMIPv6 en les intégrant dans un unique framework permettant de réaliser la vision FMC.Deuxièmement, pour aborder les problèmes d'évolutivité et de résilience dans les architectures SDN/OpenFlow centralisées de plan de contrôle, nous avons introduit une nouvelle conception d'un contrôleur SDN élastique et distribué adapté pour MCC et plus particulièrement pour les systèmes de gestion FMC. Nous avons illustré comment le nouveau schéma de plan de contrôle est distribué sur une architecture hiérarchique à deux niveaux, un premier niveau avec un seul contrôleur SDN global et un second niveau avec plusieurs contrôleurs SDN locaux. Ensuite, nous avons présenté les éléments constitutifs de notre nouvel framework de plan contrôle, le calcul de l'indicateur de performance (KPI) du système, et nous avons fixé l'objectif clé de notre conception visant à maintenir la valeur KPI du système dans une fenêtre de seuil prédéfinie. Enfin, nous avons démontré comment cet objectif est atteint en adaptant dynamiquement le nombre et l'emplacement des contrôleurs SDN locaux en utilisant la technologie NFV pour provisionner les contrôleurs SDN en tant que instances VNF (fonction réseau virtuelle) dans le cloud.Troisièmement, nous avons introduit le concept FMeC, exploitant les capacités offertes par la combinaison des architectures MEC et FMC dans le but de satisfaire aux exigences des systèmes automobiles 5G. Nous avons commencé par définir les éléments clés du concept FMeC permettant de fournir la technologie FMC en bordure des réseaux mobiles. Ensuite, nous avons présenté une projection de notre solution FMeC sur un cas d'utilisation de conduite automatisée intégrant l'industrie automobile aux infrastructures Telecom en vue de la vision automobile 5G future. Avec une focalisation sur les types de communications V2I/N, nous avons présenté la conception de notre architecture FMeC basée sur les technologies SDN/OpenFlow et les entités de l'infrastructure MEC dont les ressources sont mises en commun pour fournir un cloud de bordure fédéré. Enfin, nous avons présenté notre framework sensible à la mobilité pour le placement des services dans le cloud de bordure, ce dernier est fondé sur un ensemble d'algorithmes de base qui permettent d'atteindre les exigences de QoS de la conduite automatisée en termes de latence ultra-courte au sein du réseau 5G. / This Ph.D. thesis aims to deal with the future delivery architectures of mobile cloud-based services, through network infrastructures evolving from Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) to Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). We mainly focused on Follow Me Cloud (FMC) concept as a new service delivery strategy for improved user experience and efficient resource utilization. That enables cloud-based services to follow their mobile users during their movement across access network technologies and by delivering the cloud-service via the optimal service point inside the cloud infrastructure. Several contributions are proposed in this thesis and evaluated in both theoretical analysis and scientific simulation.First, we proposed an alternative FMC architecture that allows: (i) to open the FMC design on non-3GPP mobile network access technologies (ii) to provide interoperability among different PMIPv6 domains permitting MNs inter-PMIPv6 domain roaming with seamless IP mobility and service session continuity (iii) to offer a tunnel-free architecture in MNs roaming situation, avoiding any additional overhead associated with tunneling in mobility management. This proposed scheme leverage SDN/OpenFlow technology and PMIPv6 mobility management protocol by integrating them within a framework permitting to realize the FMC vision.Second, to address the scalability and resiliency concerns in centralized SDN/OpenFlow control plane architecture, we introduced a new design of an elastic distributed SDN controller tailored for Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) and more notably for Follow Me Cloud (FMC) management systems. We illustrated how the new control plane scheme is distributed on two-level hierarchical architecture, a first level with a single global SDN controller and a second level with several local SDN controllers. Then, we presented the building blocks of our novel control plane framework, the system Key Performance Indicator (KPI) computation and set the key objective of our design aiming to keep the system KPI value within a predefined threshold window. Last, we proved how this goal is achieved by adapting the number of local SDN controllers and their locations in an elastic manner and deploying them as VNF instances on the cloud thanks to NFV technology.Third, we introduced FMeC concept, leveraging the intertwining of MEC and FMC architectures with the aim of sustaining requirements of the 5G automotive systems. We began by defining FMeC key concept elements permitting to provide FMC technology at the edge of mobile networks. Then, we presented an automated driving use case projection of our FMeC solution integrating automotive with Telco infrastructures towards the future 5G automotive vision. Focusing on the V2I/N communications types, we introduced our FMeC design architecture based on SDN/OpenFlow technologies and MEC infrastructure entities whose resources are pooled together to provide a federated edge clouds. Finally, we presented our mobility-aware framework for edge-cloud service placement based on a set of basic algorithms that permit achieving the automated driving QoS requirements in terms of ultra-short latency within 5G network.

No description available.

Matematik är ett ämne som kräver god språklig förmåga och forskning visar på att andraspråkselever därför kan ha behov av språkligt stöd även i matematiken. Syftet med följande studie är att bredda kunskapen kring undervisning av andraspråks elever i matematik åk F-3. Vår studie bygger på en kvantitativ enkätundersökning där F-3 lärare tillfrågats. Studiens resultat visar att det lärare upplever som svårigheter när de undervisar andraspråkselever är de matematiska områden som kan kopplas samman med elevers språkliga förmågor. Det är ofta sådant som begreppsbildning, problemlösning samt att föra diskussioner och resonemang. De utmaningar lärare möter i undervisningen av andraspråkselever utgörs av ramfaktorer, för stora grupper och för lite tid till planering är det som ställer till det mest för lärare. Det mest förekommande stödet/arbetssättet som lärare använder vid undervisning av andraspråkselever är genomgång i helklass, bildstöd och laborativt material. De flesta andraspråkselever får dock inte möjligheten att använda sitt förstaspråk i matematikundervisningen, varken för att visa redan tilltagna kunskaper eller vid inlärning av nya.

This project looks at the textual and intertextual subject position constructed at the Air Force Academy focusing on the "Bring Me Men..." sign formerly on the entry ramp. In thinking about identity and subject position, I use identity for each cadet and graduate’s individual experience (particularly my own) within the textually constituted subject positions. I present a brief history of the “Bring Me Men…” ramp (BMMR) and the sexual assault scandal that was the key exigence that brought those words down. My focus is on the period immediately surrounding the scandal, discussing the ideology and identity that “Bring Me Men…” privileged, the Cadet Wing’s resistance to the removal, and my own experiences with the removed tradition that was still present.

No description available.

Increased operations of aircraft, both commercial and military, in hostile desert environments have increased risks of micro-sized particle ingestion into engines. The probability of increased sand and dust ingestion results in increased life cycle costs, in addition to increased potential for performance loss. Thus, abilities to accurately characterize inlet sand would be useful for engine diagnostics and prognostic evaluation. Previous characterization studies were based on particle measurements performed a posteriori. Thus, there exists a need for in situ quantification of ingested particles. The work presented in this thesis describes initial developments of a line-of-sight optical technique to characterize ingested particles at concentrations similar to those experienced by aircraft in brownout conditions using light extinction with the end goal of producing an onboard aircraft diagnostic sensor. By measuring the extinct light intensity in presence of particles over range of concentrations, a relationship between diameters, concentration and light extinction was used for characterization. The particle size distribution was assumed log-normal and size range of interest 1-10 μm. To validate the technique, particle characterization in both static and flow based tests were performed on polystyrene latex spheres of sizes 1.32 μm, 3.9 μm, 5.1 μm, and 7 μm in mono-disperse and poly-disperse mixtures. Results from the static experiments were obtained with a maximum relative error of 11%. Concentrations from the static experiments were obtained with a maximum relative error of 18%. Mono-dispersed and poly-dispersed particle samples were sized in a flow setup, with a maximum relative error of 12% and 10% respectively across all diameter samples tested. Uncertainty in measurements were quantified, with results indicating a maximum error of 17% in diameters due to sources of variability and showed that shorter wavelength lasers provide lower errors in concentration measurements, compared to longer wavelengths. For real time, on-board measurements, where path lengths traveled by light are much larger than distances traveled in initial proof of concept experimental setups, requirements would be to install sensitive detectors and powerful lasers to prevent operation near noise floors of detectors. Vibration effects from the engine can be mitigated by using larger area collection optics to ensure that the transmitted light falls on active detector areas. Results shown in this thesis point towards validity of the light extinction technique to provide real time characterization of ingested particles, and will serve as an impetus to carry out further research using this technique to characterize particles entering aircraft engine inlets. / Master of Science

Efter uppkomsten av hashtaggen #metoo blev sexuella övergrepp och trakasserier ett starkt diskuterat ämne i Sverige och flertalet personer blev uthängda i media efter anklagelser om sexualbrott. Med en rådande oro om hur informationspåverkan kan vara negativ påstod flera forskare att media agerat rättegång genom att de hängts ut utan att ges chansen att försvara sig själva. Denna undersökning har därför gjort en jämförande kvantitativ innehållsanalys på två olika nyhetskällor på internet ­­– Aftonbladet och Svenska motståndsrörelsen, om deras rapportering om sexualbrott efter #metoo. Den förstnämnda är var en etablerad tidning som politiskt beskrevs som socialdemokratisk oberoende. Den andra var en alternativ tidning som sympatiserade med den alternativa högern. Det var olika benämningar inom gestaltning av förövaren, tonalitet till händelsen och volymen på artiklarna som undersöktes. Sedan tolkades resultatet hermeneutiskt utifrån ett agendasättande synsätt samt att ojämlikheter mellan de olika komponenterna bidrog till social stratifiering. Variablerna inom gestaltningen var ras, politisk inriktning, kön och namn. Undersökningen visar att det skedde en stark ojämlikhet i vem som de valt att hänga ut i media, samt hur denne beskrivs. Det var både en ojämlikhet mellan de olika två tidningarna och inom dem. Detta stärker förfarandet om informationspåverkan och uppmärksammar opartiskhet hos medierna samt vikten av källkritiskhet. / After the emerge of the hashtag #metoo, sexual abuse and harassment became a heavily debated topic in Sweden and a lot of people were portrayed in the media after allegations of sexual offenses. With an increasing concern about how the information affects can be negative, several researchers claimed that the media acted as a trial by hanging them out without giving the opportunity to defend themselves.   This thesis has therefore made comparative quantitative content analysis on two different news sources on the internet – Aftonbladet and Svenska motståndsrörelsen movement with their reporting about sex crimes following the #metoo. The first mentioned was a mainstream newspaper that politically was referred to as social-democratic independence. The second where an alternative media that sympathizes with the alternative right-movement.   There were different terms in the form of the perpetrator, tonality to the event and the volume of the articles that were investigated. Then the result was based on an agenda setting approach and that inequalities between the different components contribute to social stratification. The variables in the design were race, political orientation, gender and name.   The survey result shows that there was a strong inequality in who you choose to hang in the media, as well as how this is described. There were both an inequality between the two newspapers and within them. This strengthens the process of information impact and draws attention to the impartiality of the media and the importance of source criticism.