<p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Syfte och frågeställningar</p><p>Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka relationen mellan multipla intelligenser och skolans friluftslivsundervisning. Frågeställningarna har varit:</p><p>Vilka intelligenser utvecklas inom skolans friluftslivsundervisning, enligt lärare och elever?</p><p>Genom vilka moment i friluftslivsundervisningen utvecklas intelligenserna?</p><p>Metod</p><p>Datainsamlingen har skett genom ostrukturerade, djupgående intervjuer. Två lärare och två tredjeårselever på gymnasiet har enskilt intervjuats om hur friluftsliv har bedrivits i skolundervisningen. Intervjuerna har analyserats med ett schema, byggt på Howard Gardners teori om de multipla intelligenserna men utformats att tillämpas på friluftsliv.</p><p>Resultat</p><p>Resultaten visar att paddling stimulerar interpersonell, kroppslig, visuell-spatial och logisk-matematisk intelligens. Under orientering tränas följande intelligenser: logisk-matematisk, kroppslig och visuell-spatial. Till skillnad från den intrapersonella och visuell-spatiala intelligensen råder det bland respondenterna delade meningar om naturintelligensen stimuleras under vandring eller ej. I lägerliv stimuleras interpersonell och logisk-matematisk intelligens men också visuell-spatial, kroppslig och verbal-lingvistisk. I granskningen av klättring visar resultaten att alla intelligenser, utom naturintelligensen och den musikalisk-rytmiska intelligensen, aktiveras. Under långfärdsskridskoåkning tränas alla intelligenser utom naturintelligensen och den visuell-spatiala. Det råder dock bland respondenterna delade meningar om den musikalisk-rytmiska intelligensen aktiveras. Under utförsåkning stimuleras verbal-lingvistisk, kroppslig, intrapersonell samt interpersonell intelligens.</p><p>Slutsats</p><p>Enligt elever och lärare aktiveras samtliga intelligenser, utifrån vår tolkning av Gardners teori, i friluftslivsundervisningen. Det fanns dock motsägelser i respondenternas berättelser huruvida naturintelligensen aktiveras eller inte.</p> / <p>Abstract</p><p>Aim</p><p>The aim of the study was to investigate the relation between the multiple intelligences and outdoor life education in school. The questions at issue were:</p><p>What intelligences are developed within the outdoor life education in school, according to teachers and students?</p><p>In what activities in outdoor life education are the intelligences developed?</p><p>Method</p><p>The data for the report have been assembled by unstructured interviews. Two teachers and two students were interviewed one by one on the subject of how they practically operated in outdoor life education in school. The interviews have been analyzed with an analyze schedule, based on Dr. Howard Gardner’s theory of the multiple intelligences and formed to apply at outdoor life.</p><p>Results</p><p>In accordance with the respondents statements, canoeing stimulates the interpersonal, bodily, spatial and logical-mathematical intelligence. Following intelligences are improved during orienteering: logical-mathematical, bodily and spatial. There were, in opposite to the intrapersonal and spatial intelligence, different opinions whether the naturalist intelligence was stimulated during hiking or not. During camping the interpersonal and mathematical intelligence, as well as spatial, bodily and linguistic intelligence, are stimulated. The review of the results about climbing shows that all intelligences except the musical and the naturalist intelligence are activated. During tour skating on ice all intelligences, except the spatial and the naturalist intelligence are trained. Nevertheless, there are different opinions among the respondents whether the musical intelligence is activated. Downhill skiing stimulates linguistic, bodily, intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligence.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>According to the respondents, all of the intelligences, proposed by Howard Gardner, are activated in outdoor life education in school. However, there were contradictions in the respondents’ statements, whether the naturalist intelligence was activated or not.</p>

Sammanfattning Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka relationen mellan multipla intelligenser och skolans friluftslivsundervisning. Frågeställningarna har varit: Vilka intelligenser utvecklas inom skolans friluftslivsundervisning, enligt lärare och elever? Genom vilka moment i friluftslivsundervisningen utvecklas intelligenserna? Metod Datainsamlingen har skett genom ostrukturerade, djupgående intervjuer. Två lärare och två tredjeårselever på gymnasiet har enskilt intervjuats om hur friluftsliv har bedrivits i skolundervisningen. Intervjuerna har analyserats med ett schema, byggt på Howard Gardners teori om de multipla intelligenserna men utformats att tillämpas på friluftsliv. Resultat Resultaten visar att paddling stimulerar interpersonell, kroppslig, visuell-spatial och logisk-matematisk intelligens. Under orientering tränas följande intelligenser: logisk-matematisk, kroppslig och visuell-spatial. Till skillnad från den intrapersonella och visuell-spatiala intelligensen råder det bland respondenterna delade meningar om naturintelligensen stimuleras under vandring eller ej. I lägerliv stimuleras interpersonell och logisk-matematisk intelligens men också visuell-spatial, kroppslig och verbal-lingvistisk. I granskningen av klättring visar resultaten att alla intelligenser, utom naturintelligensen och den musikalisk-rytmiska intelligensen, aktiveras. Under långfärdsskridskoåkning tränas alla intelligenser utom naturintelligensen och den visuell-spatiala. Det råder dock bland respondenterna delade meningar om den musikalisk-rytmiska intelligensen aktiveras. Under utförsåkning stimuleras verbal-lingvistisk, kroppslig, intrapersonell samt interpersonell intelligens. Slutsats Enligt elever och lärare aktiveras samtliga intelligenser, utifrån vår tolkning av Gardners teori, i friluftslivsundervisningen. Det fanns dock motsägelser i respondenternas berättelser huruvida naturintelligensen aktiveras eller inte. / Abstract Aim The aim of the study was to investigate the relation between the multiple intelligences and outdoor life education in school. The questions at issue were: What intelligences are developed within the outdoor life education in school, according to teachers and students? In what activities in outdoor life education are the intelligences developed? Method The data for the report have been assembled by unstructured interviews. Two teachers and two students were interviewed one by one on the subject of how they practically operated in outdoor life education in school. The interviews have been analyzed with an analyze schedule, based on Dr. Howard Gardner’s theory of the multiple intelligences and formed to apply at outdoor life. Results In accordance with the respondents statements, canoeing stimulates the interpersonal, bodily, spatial and logical-mathematical intelligence. Following intelligences are improved during orienteering: logical-mathematical, bodily and spatial. There were, in opposite to the intrapersonal and spatial intelligence, different opinions whether the naturalist intelligence was stimulated during hiking or not. During camping the interpersonal and mathematical intelligence, as well as spatial, bodily and linguistic intelligence, are stimulated. The review of the results about climbing shows that all intelligences except the musical and the naturalist intelligence are activated. During tour skating on ice all intelligences, except the spatial and the naturalist intelligence are trained. Nevertheless, there are different opinions among the respondents whether the musical intelligence is activated. Downhill skiing stimulates linguistic, bodily, intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligence. Conclusion According to the respondents, all of the intelligences, proposed by Howard Gardner, are activated in outdoor life education in school. However, there were contradictions in the respondents’ statements, whether the naturalist intelligence was activated or not.

First published in 1983, the theory of multiple intelligences (Gardner, 1983) struck a chord with thousands of educators across the world, providing a philosophical and structural framework that helped them make sense of and cater for the vast range of individual difference they encountered daily in their classrooms. However, while MI theory has found a ready audience amongst early childhood and primary school educators, and has been associated with a wide range of positive outcomes across a variety of educational settings, it continues to have little impact on secondary school practice. The aim of this qualitative action research project was to establish a collaborative research group of four junior secondary school teachers, who were interested in exploring MI theory and its implications for learning and teaching. In documenting their experiences, the project aimed to find out whether an MI-based programme was feasible in a junior secondary school context, and to identify the difficulties and barriers that impeded the participating teachers' endeavours to implement MI in their classrooms. The following research questions provided the focus for the project: 1. Can an MI-based approach to teaching and learning be successfully implemented in a junior secondary school programme? 2. What are the issues that secondary school teachers face when implementing MI into their classroom programmes? 3. What are the best ways to address these issues? iii A multiple case study approach provided an effective means of illustrating the individual complexity of teachers' situations, as they interacted with their students, the curriculum, their colleagues and their school environment, and was also flexible enough to accommodate the open-ended and evolving nature of the investigation. The following outcomes for teachers as a result of the MI project were noted: (a) Increased awareness and understanding of student diversity. (b) Extended teaching practice and enhanced teacher creativity. (c) Improved planning framework. (d) Teachers' beliefs about learning and intelligence were affirmed and extended. (e) Teachers experienced improved confidence in their abilities as teachers. (f) The emergence of a cohesive student-centred curriculum. (g) Improved collegiality. As a result of the project, many barriers to implementing MI theory into junior secondary school classrooms were identified, under the following categories: (a) Barriers relating to teacher culture (b) Barriers relating to management requirements (c) Barriers relating to time (d) Barriers relating to personnel (e) Barriers relating to external pressures on the school The outcomes of this project confirm findings in the research literature, which suggest that MI theory can provide a valuable philosophical and structural iv framework that helps teachers develop a greater awareness of student diversity and enhanced teaching practice, as well as the understanding that a uniform approach to teaching and learning meets the needs of too few. However, a number of entrenched structural and cultural barriers characteristic of the secondary school context were also identified, which suggest that the adoption of MI-based teaching practices on a wider scale is unlikely without an in-depth school-wide professional development initiative.

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