Abstract In this Research paper and through my Studio practice, I search for what binds me and separates me from my children. I investigate abjection theories through Julia Kristeva and Georges Bataille and focus on a particular form I call the maternal abject. This occurs at the time an infant separates from its mother, acquires language and maps its own body. I am proposing that the mapping of the body is the point at which an individual perceives social structures and learns about prohibitions and taboos, hence the abject. I also investigate the relationship between the maternal abject and the artistic process through the writings of Kristeva. Abjection is illustrated through the works of Mona Hatoum, Fiona Hall, Hieronymus Bosch, and Paul Quinn. The maternal abject is illustrated through the works of Mary Kelly, Cindy Sherman, Frida Kahlo, Louise Bourgeois. A possible reading of the maternal abject is given through the works of Gregory Crewdson, Joel-Peter Witkin and Francis Bacon. The studio work is in two parts. The first part is a series of layered photomedia images. The layers consist of a naked female body, which has been merged with Renaissance like Madonna and Child images. Texture, such as stones and spikes, is embedded to signify the fragility and strength of the body. Children are also present and are merged with the adult female body. All images are cradled in a darkened atmosphere in order to draw the viewer inside the images. The second part is a bassinet, which has been drilled and pierced by thousands of pearl-headed steel pins. This piece signifies the dichotomy of the motherhood experience, which on the one hand is rewarding and fulfilling and on the other an abject and isolating experience of no apparent economic value. The two parts interact so that the bassinet piece with its threatening exterior acts as an aggressor towards the photomedia images.

This work titled Union of Journalists in 1945-1948 is trying to capture the period of reconstruction and building of journalistic community life since the end of Nazi occupation till the communist coup in February 1948. Although it captures only a very short period of time from the rich history of the Czech journalist associations, we believe that this is a crucial period. The work is divided into nine chapters. The introductory chapter focuses on the preparation of the establishment of a new journalistic organization. The second chapter deals with the process of "cleansing" in which journalists organization examined journalists and punish their activities during the Nazi occupation. The third chapter describes the process of creating of post-war media legislation, particularly the role that a journalistic organization played in this process. The fourth chapter focuses on the most important moments of internal community life. The fifth chapter is devoted to the Association of imprisoned journalists. The sixth chapter deals with the renewed activity of journalistic organizations in the international forum. It focuses in particular on the International Organization of Journalists (IOJ) in Prague in 1947. The seventh chapter examines the financial situation, and especially union activities in acquiring real...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-24T20:19:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CleuberDP_DISSERT.pdf: 1822708 bytes, checksum: c7e3fa0c90fc3f249a77e1e4b40508c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-15 / The interference of man in the middle atmosphere can be evidenced by the presence of carbon monoxide, gas associated with burning fossil fuels and carbon dioxide content, essential for respiration of plants and thermal balance of the Earth. In this thesis we initially evaluated the intensity of the spatial distribution of carbon monoxide in the Northeast of Brazil, and subsequently the behavior of temporal variations of the pollutants carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the atmospheric boundary layer Maxaranguape / RN. Research has shown that, driven by speculation and promoting the occupation of land for agriculture, cattle ranching and tourism in the Northeast of Brazil, the changes established by the man in the middle geomorphological affect the lower troposphere on a large scale, with a predominance of concentrations in central Pernambuco, Paraiba's south-central and central-west of Alagoas. However, the study of Maxaranguape / RN results showed little variation in carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, with the speed of the wind persisting with values greater than 7.8 m / s, showing dispersion and diffusion of pollutants which resulted in faster renewal of local atmospheric air / As interfer?ncias do ser humano no meio atmosf?rico podem ser evidenciadas mediante a presen?a do mon?xido de carbono, g?s associado a queima de combust?veis f?sseis e do di?xido de carbono, conte?do fundamental para respira??o dos vegetais e para balan?o t?rmico da Terra. Nesta disserta??o inicialmente avaliou-se a intensidade da espacializa??o do mon?xido de carbono no Nordeste do Brasil e, posteriormente o comportamento das varia??es temporais dos contaminantes mon?xido e di?xido de carbono na camada limite atmosf?rica de Maxaranguape/RN. As pesquisas mostraram que, motivadas pela especula??o imobili?ria e promovendo a ocupa??o da terra para a explora??o agropecu?ria e tur?stica no Nordeste do Brasil, as mudan?as estabelecidas pelo homem no meio geomorfol?gico afetam a baixa troposfera em grande escala, com predomin?ncia de concentra??es na ?rea central de Pernambuco, centro-sul da Para?ba e centro-oeste de Alagoas. Entretanto, no estudo realizado em Maxaranguape/RN os resultados apresentaram pouca varia??o do mon?xido e di?xido de carbono, com a velocidade do vento persistindo com valores superiores a 7,8 m/s, mostrando dispers?o e difus?o dos poluentes o que propiciou maior rapidez na renova??o do ar atmosf?rico local

Increasing the efficiency of the spark-ignition engine can help to reduce the environmental impact of the transportation sector. Engine knock obstructs the increased efficiency that could be gained by increasing the compression ratio in a spark-ignition (SI) engine. A fuel’s propensity to knock is measured by the research octane number (RON) and the motor octane number (MON) in a co-operative fuel research (CFR) engine. A fuel’s octane sensitivity (OS) is the difference between the RON and MON. Modern downsized and turbocharged engines operate at what is considered to be beyond-RON conditions. Studies have shown that having a fuel with higher OS improves knock resistance at beyond-RON conditions. This study aims to gain a better understanding of the role of intermediate-temperature heat release (ITHR) in defining OS and its subsequent impact on SI operation through the experimental framework. The ITHR of toluene primary reference fuels (TPRFs) fuels with matching RON and varying OS was studied at RON-like and MON-like homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) conditions for two different matching criteria. The first criterion was to control the combustion phasing by matching half of the heat release (CA50) to 3 crank angle degrees after top dead center. The second criterion was to match the compression ratios. Results showed that at RON-like HCCI conditions, TPRF fuels display decreasing ITHR with increasing OS. Furthermore, it was shown that TPRF fuels with low sensitivity displayed a greater increase in ITHR from MON-like conditions to RON-like conditions. Thus, the sensitivity of ITHR to changes in operating conditions was found to be a contributing factor to OS. In the beyond-RON conditions (relevant to current modern engines), there is a potential for improved engine efficiency by using fuels with high OS to allow for higher compression ratios. The experimental results of this work show that OS is negatively correlated with ITHR. Thus, high-sensitivity fuels can be designed by choosing components and additives that reduce the amount of ITHR.

A la suite des dégâts occasionnés par le cyclone Hyacin~ the, le B.R.G.M. Réunion et l'équipe de géologie appliquée de l'I.R.I.G.M. (Université de Grenoble) ont entrepris l'étude des risques du secteur de Grand lIet. . Cette étude comporte plusieurs parties : La première est une présentation générale du secteur de travail dans le contexte géographique et géologique de l'ile de la Réunion. Les raisons du choix de Grand lIet y sont exposées. En dernier lieu, les résultats d'une analyse statis* tique systématique des directions de ravines sont présenté. La deuxième partie est l'étude géologique détaillée des formations de Grand Ilet. Elle conduit à la définition de l'unité intermédiaire qui est caractérisée par des glissements de grande ampleur. La troisième partie concerne des mouvements de terrains plus superficiels mais qui sont responsables de dégârs importants. On insiste sur le rôle des précipitations cycloniques dans leur évolution. Enfin, la quatrième partie tente de faire un bilan des conditions d'instabilité et permet de proposer un zonage du secteur adapté au contexte volcano-détrique et au climat tropical.

Ce memoire est avant tout un travail de traduction. Le livre a traduire, Ma Vie, mon Cri de Rachida Yacoubi, est tres long (355 pages). 11 fallut beaucoup de travail, de revision et de discussion avec mes deux directrices pour finir la traduction. Je suis tres reconnaissante de leurs conseils et je tiens vivement a remercier Vanessa Everson et Carole Beckett. J'appris davantage en discutant certains problemes precis et epineux avec elles, qu'en etudiant la theorie de la traduction. Cette tache nous a meme diverti puisque la traduction est souvent comme un jeu stimulant si on se passionne pour les mots et I'expression exacte! En depit des difficultes associees a un changement de directrice, je profitai de deux points de vue, parfois differents, mais toujours interessants et enrichissants. L'aspect pratique de mon memoire fut renforce par les cours sur la theorie de la traduction (Translation 810, anime par le Professeur D.Z. van den Berg). L'activite de traduction est un art plutot qu'une science dans le sens que la traductrice est obligee de se servir de ses connaissances linguistiques (mesurables et ainsi scientifiques), mais surtout de son imagination afin de trouver le mot / la phrase juste pour recreer, pour ne pas dire reinventer, I'atmosphere et les emotions transmises par un autre1 . La traduction parfaite n'existe pas. C'est pourquoi j'ai employe le verbe «finir» au lieu de « perfectionner ». En effet, ce n'est peut-etre pas vraiment possible de « finir » une traduction, mais en fin de compte, la question du temps disponible s'impose. 11 me semble que Newmark exprime bien mon dilemme : « You can compare the translating activity to an iceberg: the tip is the translation - what is visible, what is written on the page - the iceberg, the activity, is all the work you do, often ten times as much again, much of which you do not even use. »2 En ce qui concerne ce memoire, c'est la qualite de la traduction meme de Ma Vie, mon Cri qui est donc d'une importance primordiale. D'oll, pour juger cette traduction, il est imperatif de se reterer au texte original.3 Dans I'introduction je peins le contexte general de Ma Vie, mon Cri et dans le commentaire j'expose 2 mon approche et mes raisonnements en tant que traductrice. Vu que j'etudiai la theorie de la traduction en anglais, et que la langue cible de la traduction est I'anglais, le commentaire est aussi en anglais. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2003.

There is no abstract available for this dissertation. / School of Music

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-10T19:29:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CatiElisaDeAvilaValadao_TESE.pdf: 22074758 bytes, checksum: 702cc3f01b20335c0a4d7438f5c6a479 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-13T22:20:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CatiElisaDeAvilaValadao_TESE.pdf: 22074758 bytes, checksum: 702cc3f01b20335c0a4d7438f5c6a479 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T22:20:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CatiElisaDeAvilaValadao_TESE.pdf: 22074758 bytes, checksum: 702cc3f01b20335c0a4d7438f5c6a479 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / The impacts of the Madden?Julian Oscillation (MJO) on precipitation over Northeast Brazil (NEB, also known as Nordeste) are evaluated based on daily raingauge data from 492 stations over 30-year period (1981-2010). Composites of precipitation, outgoing longwave radiation and moisture-flux anomalies are performed for each phase of the MJO based on the Jones?Carvalho MJO index. To distinguish the MJO signal from other patterns of climate variability, daily data are filtered using a 20 - 90 day band-pass filter; only days classified as MJO events are considered in the composites. A preliminary analysis based on precipitation data was conducted for a small scale area located in NEB?s semiarid interior, in an area known as Serid?. The Serid? is one of the driest regions in NEB, and is recognized by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification as particularly vulnerable to desertification. Composites of rainfall anomalies were computed for each of the eight phases of the MJO during February-May, which is Serid??s main rainy season. Results showed that the rainfall patterns in Serid? undergo substantial changes (from enhancement to suppression) as the convective center of the MJO propagates eastward. When combining the MJO signals for wet and dry phases, the difference represents about 50 - 150% modulation of the mean rainfall over Serid?. Then a comprehensive analysis of the role of the MJO in modulating the spatiotemporal variation of NEB?s precipitation was performed, considering all four seasons. The results showed strong seasonality of the MJO impact on precipitation. The most spatially coherent signals of precipitation anomalies occurred in the austral summer, when about 80% of the raingauge stations showed increased precipitation during phases 1 - 2 and suppressed precipitation in phases 5 - 6 of the oscillation. Although the MJO impacts precipitation on intraseasonal timescales in all seasons in most locations, these impacts vary in magnitude and depend on the phase of the oscillation. Precipitation anomalies over NEB are explained by the interaction of convectively coupled Kelvin-Rossby waves with the dominant climatic features in each season. During the austral summer and spring, westerly regimes increased precipitation over most NEB. In the austral winter and fall, precipitation anomalies exhibited more complex spatial variability. In these seasons precipitation anomalies in eastern coastal areas depended on the strength of the South Atlantic anticyclone, which is largely modulated by Rossby waves. The strengthening of the anticyclone intensified the convergence of the trade winds in coastal areas and precipitation windward of the coastal range. Conversely, the intensification of the subsidence was responsible for precipitation deficits in the lee side of the range. These conditions were typically observed when easterly regimes dominate over tropical South America and NEB, decreasing moisture flow from the Amazon. / Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar os impactos da oscila??o de Madden-Julian (OMJ) na precipita??o da regi?o Nordeste do Brasil (NEB). Para tanto foram utilizados dados di?rios de precipita??o baseados em 492 pluvi?metros distribu?dos na regi?o e cobrindo um per?odo de 30 anos (1981 ? 2010). As an?lises atrav?s de composi??es de anomalias de precipita??o, radia??o de onda longa e fluxo de umidade, foram obtidas com base no ?ndice da OMJ desenvolvido por Jones-Carvalho. Para distinguir o sinal da OMJ de outros padr?es de variabilidade clim?tica, todos os dados di?rios foram filtrados na escala de 20 ? 90 dias; portanto somente dias classificados como eventos da OMJ foram considerados nas composi??es. Uma an?lise preliminar baseada apenas nos dados de precipita??o foi feita para uma pequena ?rea localizada no interior semi?rido do NEB, conhecida como Serid?. Essa microrregi?o ? uma das ?reas mais secas do NEB e foi reconhecida pela Conven??o das Na??es Unidas para o Combate ? Desertifica??o e Mitiga??o dos Efeitos das Secas como particularmente vulner?vel ? desertifica??o. Composi??es de anomalias de precipita??o foram feitas para cada uma das oito fases da OMJ durante Fevereiro-Maio (principal per?odo chuvoso da microrregi?o). Os resultados mostraram a exist?ncia de varia??es significativas nos padr?es de precipita??o (de precipita??o excessiva ? deficiente) associados ? propaga??o da OMJ. A combina??o dos sinais de precipita??o obtidos durantes as fases ?midas e secas da OMJ mostrou que a diferen?a corresponde cerca de 50 ? 150% de modula??o das chuvas na microrregi?o. Em seguida, uma investiga??o abrangente sobre o papel da OMJ sobre toda a regi?o Nordeste foi feita considerando-se as quatro esta??es do ano. Os resultados mostraram que os impactos da OMJ na precipita??o intrassazonal do NEB apresentam forte sazonalidade. A maior coer?ncia espacial dos sinais de precipita??o ocorreram durante o ver?o austral, quando cerca de 80% das esta??es pluviom?tricas apresentaram anomalias positivas de precipita??o durante as fases 1 ? 2 da OMJ e anomalias negativas de precipita??o nas fases 5 ? 6 da oscila??o. Embora impactos da OMJ na precipita??o intrassazonal tenham sido encontrados na maioria das localidades e em todas as esta??es do ano, eles apresentaram varia??es na magnitude dos sinais e dependem da fase da oscila??o. As anomalias de precipita??o do NEB observadas s?o explicadas atrav?s da intera??o existente entre as ondas de Kelvin-Rossby acopladas convectivamente e as caracter?sticas clim?ticas predominantes sobre a regi?o em cada esta??o do ano. O aumento de precipita??o observado sobre a maior parte do NEB durante o ver?o e primavera austrais encontra-se associado com o fluxo de umidade de oeste (regime de oeste), o qual favorece a atividade convectiva em amplas ?reas da Am?rica do Sul tropical. Por outro lado, as anomalias de precipita??o durante o inverno e outono austrais apresentaram uma variabilidade espacial mais complexa. Durante estas esta??es, as anomalias de precipita??o observadas nas esta??es localizadas na costa leste do NEB dependem da intensidade do anticiclone do Atl?ntico Sul, o qual ? modulado em grande parte por ondas de Rossby. As caracter?sticas topogr?ficas do NEB parecem desempenhar um papel importante na variabilidade observada na precipita??o, principalmente nestas ?reas costeiras. A intensifica??o do anticiclone aumenta a converg?ncia dos ventos al?sios na costa contribuindo para a ocorr?ncia de precipita??o observada ? barlavento do planalto da Borborema. Por outro lado, o aumento da subsid?ncia parece ser respons?vel pelos d?ficits de precipita??o observados ? sotavento. Tais condi??es mostraram-se t?picas durante o predom?nio do regime de leste sobre a regi?o tropical da Am?rica do Sul e o NEB, durante o qual ocorre uma diminui??o no fluxo de umidade proveniente da Amaz?nia.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CelitonS.pdf: 1872654 bytes, checksum: 0e3a2fa3a25b2b0d3f6314fb9f1b6ab9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-13 / The vehicles are the main mobile sources of carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (HC) released into the atmosphere. In the last years the increment of the fleet of vehicles in the municipal district of Natal-RN it is contributing to the increase of the emissions of those pollutants. The study consisted of a statistical analysis of the emissions of CO and HC of a composed sample for 384 vehicles with mechanization Gasoline/CNG or Alcohol/Gasoline/CNG of the municipal district of Natal-RN. The tests were accomplished in vehicles submitted to Vehicular Safety's Inspection, in the facilities of INSPETRANS, Organism of Vehicular Inspection. An partial gases analyzer allowed to measure, for each vehicle, the levels of CO and HC in two conditions of rotation of the motor (900 and 2500 rpm). The statistical analysis accomplished through the STATISTICA software revealed a sensitive reduction in the efficiency of the converters catalytic after 6 years of use with emission average it is of 0,78% of CO and 156 (ppm) of HC, Which represents approximately 4 (four) times the amount of CO and the double of HC in comparison with the newest vehicles. The result of a Student s t-test, suggests strongly that the average of the emissions of HC (152 ppm), at 900 rpm, is 40% larger than at 2500 rpm, for the motor without load. This result reveals that the efficiency of the catalytic conversion is limited kinetically in low engine speeds. The Study also ends that when comparing the emissions of CO and HC considering the influence of the fuels, it was verified that although the emissions of CO starting from CNG are 62% smaller than arising from the gasoline, there are not significant differences among the emissions of HC originating from of CNG and of the gasoline. In synthesis, the results place the current criteria of vehicular inspection, for exhaust gases, in doubt, leading the creation of emission limits of pollutant more rigorous, because the efficiency of the converters catalytic is sensibly reduced starting from 6 years of use. It is also raised the possibility of modifications in the test conditions adopted by the current norms, specifically in the speed engine, have seen that in the condition without load the largest emission indexes were registered in slow march. That fact that allows to suggest the dismissal of the tests in high speed engine, reducing the time of inspection in half and generating economy of fuel / Os ve?culos automotores s?o as principais fontes m?veis de Mon?xido de Carbono (CO) e Hidrocarbonetos n?o queimados (HC) lan?ados na atmosfera. Nos ?ltimos anos o acr?scimo da frota de ve?culos no munic?pio de Natal-RN vem contribuindo para o aumento das emiss?es desses gases poluentes. O estudo consistiu de uma an?lise estat?stica das emiss?es de CO e HC de uma amostra composta por 384 ve?culos com motoriza??o a Gasolina/GNV ou ?lcool/Gasolina/GNV do munic?pio de Natal-RN. Os testes foram realizados em ve?culos submetidos ? Inspe??o de Seguran?a Veicular, nas instala??es do INSPETRANS, Organismo de Inspe??o Veicular. Um analisador de gases parcial permitiu medir, para cada ve?culo, os n?veis de CO e HC em duas condi??es de rota??o do motor (900 e 2500 rpm). A an?lise estat?stica realizada por meio do software STATISTICA revelou uma sens?vel redu??o na efici?ncia dos conversores catal?ticos ap?s 6 anos de uso com a emiss?o m?dia de 0,78 % de CO e 156 (ppm) de HC, o que representa aproximadamente 4 (quatro) vezes a quantidade de CO e o dobro de HC em compara??o com os ve?culos mais novos. O resultado de um Teste-T de Student sugere fortemente que a m?dia das emiss?es de HC (152 ppm), a 900 rpm, ? 40% maior que a 2500 rpm, para o motor sem carga. Esse resultado revela que a efici?ncia da convers?o catal?tica ? limitada cineticamente em baixas rota??es. O Estudo conclui tamb?m que ao comparar as emiss?es de CO e HC, considerando a influ?ncia dos combust?veis, verificou-se que embora as emiss?es de CO a partir do GNV sejam 62% menores do que a partir da gasolina, n?o h? diferen?as significativa entre as emiss?es de HC oriundas do GNV e da gasolina. Em s?ntese, os resultados colocam os atuais crit?rios de inspe??o veicular, para gases da exaust?o, em d?vida, conduzindo a cria??o de limites de emiss?o de poluentes mais rigorosos, visto que a efici?ncia dos conversores catal?ticos ? sensivelmente reduzida a partir de 6 anos de uso. Suscita-se tamb?m a possibilidade de modifica??es nas condi??es de teste adotadas pelas normas atuais, especificamente na rota??o do motor, haja vista que na condi??o sem carga os maiores ?ndices de emiss?o foram registrados em marcha lenta. De ante disso, sugere-se a dispensa dos testes em altas rota??es, reduzindo ? metade o tempo de inspe??o e gerando economia de combust?vel

Dans cette thèse de doctorat, nous analysons les rapports et l’influence possible que l’épique médiévale française a pu exercer sur l’hispanique au niveau des motifs et des formules. L’étude se compose de deux grandes parties, précédées d’une introduction et suivies d'un deuxième volume d’annexes. Dans la section introductive, nous présentons certains aspects essentiels : nous définissons le corpus, nous reprenons certains points sur lesquels l’influence des chansons de geste sur le Cantar de mio Cid a été proposée ou rejetée, nous définissons les concepts fondamentaux employés et nous justifions la structure de notre étude. La thèse se compose de deux grandes parties complémentaires, dans lesquelles nous analysons d’un point de vue comparatiste les motifs et le formulisme, respectivement. Dans la première, nous étudions six motifs qui méritent une attention spéciale : la description générale de la bataille, l’attaque à la lance, le coup d’épée, la prière du plus grand péril, l’apparition de l’ange et l’itinéraire épique. L’analyse est fondée sur deux niveaux : l’un externe, où nous explorons la relation du motif et des personnages qu’il met en jeu au sein de l’œuvre dans laquelle il s’insère ; et l’autre interne, où nous nous intéressons à la composition du motif et à l’actualisation formulaire des phases qui le composent. La deuxième grande partie s’ouvre avec l’examen du rapport entre l’oralisme et le formulisme. Ensuite, à partir des exemples du Cantar de mio Cid, nous analysons en détail les différentes espèces d’expressions formulaires en tenant compte du type de variation qu’elles expérimentent. De même, nous analysons les procédés de création de formules, ainsi que les différents fonctions et effets de l’emploi de ces unités. La thèse se poursuit avec un examen quantitatif des formules du Cantar. Cette deuxième grande partie se clôt avec un chapitre dédié au système formulaire de l’épique hispanique à la lumière des chansons de geste françaises. Les annexes incluent les vers et les formules des six motifs analysés dans la première partie, toujours à partir des exemples du corpus ; les différents types de locutions formulaires du Cantar ; le registre de la totalité des formules et des phrases formulaires du poème castillan ; et un index des vers cités, provenant tant de l’épique française que de l’hispanique. / In this doctoral dissertation we analyze the relations and the possible influence that the Medieval French Epic could have exerted on the Hispanic one on the motifs and formulas levels. The study consists of two parts, preceded by an introduction and followed by a second volume of appendix. In the introductory section, some essential aspects are presented: the corpus, the status quaestionis of the French epic influence on the Cantar de mio Cid, the fundamental concepts employed and the structure of the study. In these two parts, we analyze from a comparative perspective two complementary aspects: the motifs and the formulism. In the first one, we study six motifs which deserve a particular attention: the general description of the battle, the lance attack, the blow with the sword, the narrative prayer, the appearance of the angel and the epic itinerary. These examinations are founded on two levels: the external one, in which the relation of the motif and the characters is explored; and the internal one, that deals with the motif composition and the formulaic way in which it is expressed. The second part opens with the relation between oralism and formulism. Thereafter, drawn from the examples of the Cantar de mio Cid, we analyze in detail the different kinds of formulaic expressions, taking into consideration the type of variation. In addition, we study the methods of generation of the formulas, and we also examine the diverse functions and effects of these units. The thesis continues with a quantitative exam of the formulas of the Cantar. This second part closes with a chapter devoted to the study of the Hispanic formulaic system in light of French epic. The annexes contain the verses and formulas of the six analyzed motifs, taken from the examples of the corpus; the different types of formulaic expressions of the Cantar de mio Cid; the register of all formulas and formulaic expressions of this Castilian poem; and a final index with the verses quoted both from the French and the Hispanic epic. / En esta tesis de doctorado, analizamos las relaciones y la posible influencia que la épica medieval francesa pudo ejercer en la hispánica en el nivel de los motivos y las fórmulas. El estudio se compone de dos grandes bloques, precedidos de una introducción y seguidos de un segundo volumen de anexos. En el apartado introductorio, presentamos algunos aspectos esenciales: definimos el corpus, retomamos algunos puntos sobre los que se ha propuesto o desechado la influencia de las chansons de geste en el Cantar de mio Cid, definimos los conceptos fundamentales empleados y justificamos la estructura del estudio. La tesis está formada por dos grandes partes complementarias, en las que analizamos desde una perspectiva comparatista los motivos y el formulismo, respectivamente. En la primera, estudiamos seis motivos que merecen una atención especial: la descripción general de la batalla, el ataque con la lanza, el golpe con la espada, la oración narrativa, la aparición del ángel y el itinerario épico. El análisis está fundado en dos niveles: uno externo, donde exploramos la relación del motivo y de los personajes que en él participan; y otro interno, donde nos interesamos por la composición del motivo y por la actualización formular de las fases que lo componen. La segunda gran parte de la obra se abre con el examen de la relación entre el oralismo y el formulismo. A continuación, a partir de los ejemplos del Cantar de mio Cid, analizamos en detalle los diferentes tipos de expresiones formulares, teniendo en cuenta las clases de variaciones que experimentan. De igual modo, estudiamos los procedimientos de creación de fórmulas, así como las diferentes funciones y efectos del empleo de estas unidades. La tesis prosigue con un examen cuantitativo de las fórmulas del Cantar. Esta segunda gran parte se cierra con un capítulo dedicado al sistema formular de la épica hispánica a la luz de las chansons de geste francesas. Los anexos incluyen los versos y las fórmulas de los seis motivos analizados en la primera parte, siempre a partir de los ejemplos del corpus; los diferentes tipos de locuciones formulares del Cantar; el registro de la totalidad de las fórmulas y frases formulares del poema castellano; y un índice de versos citados, procedentes tanto de la épica francesa como de la hispánica.