The competitive capacity within a certain sector, is the determining factor in determining whether a company has the potential to continue in the market or not. In this sense, the agricultural machinery sector, seeking to remain competitive, seeks best practices for the organization and management of its product development processes. These well-defined and managed processes can help sustain a company's competitiveness. The Product Development Process is approached in this work taking into account its multidisciplinarity, considering the importance of the participation of several functional areas for the management and the efficient performance of the process. Thus, the objective of this dissertation is to identify and evaluate the cooperation of the functional areas in agricultural machinery development processes. To obtain the objective, a detailed study was carried out on the industrial segment of agricultural machinery, especially in the methodologies used for the development of its products, in order to know the intervening factors of these processes in a broad and detailed manner. We selected the Reference Model for the Agricultural Machinery Development Process as a starting point, where the functional areas described in this model were used to analyze two other models of the product development process large multinational companies, agricultural machinery manufacturers. In order to identify the cooperation of the functional areas throughout the phases and activities of the studied models, structures were developed in the form of electronic spreadsheets that sought to intersect the activities and areas of each model, making it possible to identify the level of participation of the functional areas in each phase the process. With the study of the phases and activities of the models, it was observed that it is necessary the cooperation of specific knowledge from certain functional areas for the development of agricultural machinery, making these activities be performed by several functional areas, giving agility to the process and thus collaborating to meet deadlines, so that the costs of manufacturing comply with the estimate in the project and so that the quality of the final product is as expected. / A capacidade competitiva, dentro de um determinado setor, é o fator determinante para definir se uma empresa tem potencial para continuar no mercado ou não. Neste sentido, o setor de máquinas agrícolas, buscando se manter competitivo, procura por melhores práticas para a organização e o gerenciamento de seus processos de desenvolvimento de produtos. Estes processos quando bem definidos e gerenciados, podem ajudar a sustentar a competitividade de uma empresa. O Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produto é abordado neste trabalho levando em consideração sua multidisciplinaridade, visto a importância da participação de várias áreas funcionais para o gerenciamento e o desempenho eficiente do processo. Assim, o objetivo desta dissertação é identificar e avaliar a cooperação das áreas funcionais em processos de desenvolvimento de máquinas agrícolas. Para auferir o objetivo realizou-se o estudo aprofundado sobre o segmento industrial de máquinas agrícolas, sobretudo nas metodologias utilizadas para o desenvolvimento de seus produtos, com a finalidade de conhecer os fatores intervenientes destes processos de forma ampla e detalhada. Foi selecionado para este trabalho o Modelo de Referência para o Processo de Desenvolvimento de Máquinas Agrícolas como ponto de partida, onde foram utilizadas as áreas funcionais descritas neste modelo para analisar outros dois modelos de processo de desenvolvimento de produto de empresas multinacionais de grande porte, fabricantes de máquinas agrícolas. Para identificar a cooperação das áreas funcionais, ao longo das fases e atividades dos modelos estudados, foram elaboradas estruturas em forma de planilhas eletrônicas visando interseccionar as atividades e as áreas de cada modelo, possibilitando identificar o nível de participação das áreas funcionais em cada fase do processo. Com o estudo das fases e atividades dos modelos, observou-se que é necessária a cooperação de conhecimentos específicos oriundos de determinadas áreas funcionais para o desenvolvimento de máquinas agrícolas, fazendo com que estas atividades sejam desempenhadas por várias áreas funcionais, dando agilidade para o processo e colaborando assim para o cumprimento de prazos, para que os custos de fabricação obedeçam ao estimado no projeto e para que a qualidade do produto final seja a esperada.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In order to contribute to the teaching and learning of chemistry, this research is presented and it proposes an alternative methodology to the study of scientific concepts in optical isomerism. The choice of this subject is due to its great importance in pharmacology due to the fact that many prescribed drugs employ enantiomers of active compounds, bearing in mind the tragedy due to talidomida around the sixties, hence we judge the learning of this concepts, a matter of prime importance for the chemistry student. By knowing that the contentes is considered too abstract and theoretical, the main difficulties presented in the teaching and learning of optical isomerisms are identified in order to propose a study of the following concepts: light, dichroism, polarizers, birrefringence, light polarization from physics and the insertion of these concepts to derive relevant chemical concepts like optical activity, quirality, molecular asymmetry. These issues were worked on by students through experimental activities under a constructivist learning environment in which students acquired their own knowledge through interaction with lab instruments and group discussion. The didactic materials used in this work were all constructed by the author. The series of activities were done in a classroom of first year pharmacy students and they were made towards the application of concepts of isomery to selected issues on modern pharmacological research, expecting to motivate the students for their professional formation. The activities were evaluated through textual discusive analysis. The results allowed us to conclude that the activities involved as well as the didactic materials were suitable in satisfying the expected aims of this research and, therefore, we concluded that this proposal allowed a better teaching and learning of concepts of optical isomerism for introductory university general chemistry courses. / A fim de contribuir para o ensino e aprendizagem de química, desenvolveu-se esta pesquisa que propõe uma metodologia diferenciada para o estudo dos conceitos de isomeria óptica. A escolha por este assunto deve-se a sua grande importância na indústria farmacêutica, devido a muitos medicamentos utilizarem como princípios ativos alguns enantiômeros, e tendo em vista a tragédia acontecida com a talidomida por volta de 1960, julgamos o ensino destes conceitos de fundamental importância. Sabendo que o conteúdo apresentado é considerado muito abstrato e teórico, inicialmente na pesquisa foram identificadas as dificuldades vinculadas ao ensino e aprendizagem de conceitos de isomeria óptica, e baseando-se nisso, foram estudados os conceitos necessários para a aprendizagem destes. Foram abordados os seguintes conceitos: luz, dicroísmo/polaroides, birrefringência e polarização, vinculados a física, e posteriormente a introdução dos conceitos de atividade óptica, quiralidade/assimetria molecular referentes a química. Estes conceitos foram trabalhados por meio de atividades experimentais, numa perspectiva construtivista de ensino, na qual os estudantes construíram seu conhecimento a partir da interação com os materiais didáticos e outros estudantes. Os materiais didáticos utilizados na pesquisa foram planejados e desenvolvidos pela pesquisadora. A aplicação das atividades se deu em uma turma de ingressantes do curso superior de farmácia, e o ensino foi vinculado a sua aplicação nos medicamentos de maneira a tornar o ensino relevante para os estudantes, e assim motivá-los. Tais atividades foram avaliadas por meio de questionários abertos e fechados, os quais foram analisados por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva, os resultados obtidos nos permitiram concluir que as atividades desenvolvidas bem como os materiais didáticos, cumpriram com os objetivos esperados da pesquisa e favoreceram o ensino e aprendizagem dos conceitos de isomeria óptica.

La théorie de la relativité linguistique propose un effet des catégories lexico-grammaticales obligatoires et constamment utilisées des langues sur la cognition et la pensée habituelle des locuteurs. En observant l’historique de ce principe, on peut retracer les orientations des chercheurs et, ainsi, faire un portrait global des origines de l’idée et de ce qu’elle constitue maintenant. Le principe de la relativité linguistique apparaît, d’abord, dans l’esprit des philosophes allemands du 18e siècle, puis est transmis par divers chercheurs et leurs perspectives jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Dans ce cheminement, il a pris forme chez les anthropologues par le biais de Boas, de Sapir et de Whorf. Plus récemment, la théorie est grandement étudiée dans les sciences cognitives. De plus, au travers de ses diverses manipulations par divers acteurs scientifiques, sa définition et ses principes ont été modifiés. Les ethnolinguistes la conçoivent différemment des scientifiques cognitifs, et ce, malgré le fait que ces deux champs traitent des mêmes principes originaux. Ainsi, dans ce mémoire, il sera question de ces développements pluridisciplinaires du principe de la relativité linguistique. Puis, une conception multidisciplinaire sera proposée : un niveau d’étude ignoré jusqu’alors sera avancé et appuyé par l’analyse des inférences grammaticales entre la catégorie de l’évidentialité et celle de la temporalité, montrant les compétences métalinguistiques relatives des locuteurs. / The linguistic relativity theory proposes that obligatory lexico-grammatical categories of languages have an effect on the cognition and habitual thinking of speakers. By observing the history of this principle, we can retrace the orientations of researchers and thus make a global portrait of the origins of the idea and what it now constitutes. The principle of linguistic relativity first appears in the work of 18th century German philosophers, then is passed on by various researchers and their perspectives to the present day. On this journey, it took shape among anthropologists through Boas, Sapir and Whorf. More recently, although from a disputed point of view of linguistic determinism, it is widely studied in the cognitive sciences. In addition, through its various manipulations by various scientific actors, its definition and principles have been modified. Ethnolinguists understand it differently from cognitive scientists, even though these two fields deal with the same original principles. Thus, in this thesis, these multidisciplinary developments of the principle of linguistic relativity will be discussed. Then, a multidisciplinary conception will be proposed : a level of study previously ignored will be advanced and supported by the analysis of grammatical inferences between the category of evidentiality and that of temporality ; showing the relative metalinguistic skills of the speakers.

Als „Gemeinschaft in Neuen Medien“ wird im Artikel die Community der sog. Makerspaces diskutiert – offene kreative Werkstätten, deren neues Medium die im Begriff „Fablab“ zusammengefassten neuen Design- und Herstellungstechnologien sind. Diese beruhen auf einer digitalen Durchgängigkeit von den frühen konzeptionellen Phasen bis hin zur Prototypen-Fertigung und haben inzwischen eine globale Vernetzung zwischen einzelnen Werkstätten und Akteuren hervor gebracht. Basierend auf der Einrichtung eines temporären Makerspaces durch die SLUB Dresden, die TU Dresden und die Dresdner Kreativszene im Frühsommer 2014, untersucht der Beitrag die Rolle von Makerspaces bzw. Fablabs im wissenschaftlichen Kontext. Konkret wird die Frage diskutiert, welchen Mehrwert Makerspaces vor allem der akademischen Forschung bieten: Sind Makerspaces „Science Fabs“ – also Werkstätten in denen belastbare neue Wissenschaft fabriziert wird? Und welche neue „Fab Science“ entsteht in solchen Werkstätten? Wie beeinflusst das Wissen um die Herstellbarkeit der Dinge die Entwicklung von Wissen und Wissensgesellschaft? Eine Reihe von „Begabungen“ machen die Fablabs relevant für die wissenschaftliche Arbeit: ihr praktisches Potential, Interdisziplinarität auf den verschiedensten Ebenen zu unterstützen („Synergieverstärker“); ihre Zugänglichkeit und Offenheit für ein breites Nutzerspektrum („Citizen Science“) sowie ihr Modellcharakter zur Beforschung produktiver Kooperation und Interaktion (“Living Lab”). Diese Annahmen wurden am Beispiel des Dresdner Makerspaces untersucht und bewertet.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

[pt] A graduação a distância cresceu no Brasil 2.200 por cento entre 2003 e 2013. Neste mesmo período, mudanças tecnológicas quebraram paradigmas e exigiram a formação de equipes multidisciplinares para a produção de material didático. Talvez, este quadro ajude a explicar porque os desafios organizacionais são um problema apontado por instituições de ensino que passam a oferecer Educação a Distância (EAD). Esta dissertação se baseia na predição de que o uso de metodologias do Design e da Ergonomia na gestão de ambientes de trabalho na EAD, juntamente com a participação efetiva dos profissionais envolvidos, podem trazer resultados diferenciados na resolução de problemas organizacionais. Ao pesquisar esta questão, este trabalho contextualizou o cenário atual da EAD brasileira e suas dificuldades frente à legislação, aos aspectos culturais e à adequação às novas ferramentas tecnológicas. Na sequência, abordou os diferentes sistemas de trabalho e as questões que envolvem a relação entre as organizações e seus funcionários. Destacou, ainda, as particularidades que devem ser observadas ao se montar equipes multidisciplinares no âmbito da EAD. Em seguida, detalhou as metodologias que enxergam o Design e a Ergonomia como ferramentas de mudança, gestão e criação de cultura de trabalho e a importância da participação e envolvimento dos profissionais na busca por melhorias no seu ambiente produtivo. Por fim, para aferir a aplicabilidade dos conceitos levantados, realizou um estudo de caso na equipe do Departamento de Material Didático da Fundação Cecierj. Através de entrevistas estruturadas e de um questionário online, o estudo chegou a uma série de sugestões de melhoria e mudanças para o objeto abordado, baseadas na participação dos envolvidos e nos conceitos organizacionais do Ergodesign. / [en] The brazilian distance graduation grew 2,200 percent between 2003 and 2013, exactly when technological changes broke paradigms and required the assembly of multidisciplinary teams for the production of didactic material. Perhaps, this helps to explain why organizational challenges are a problem pointed out by educational institutions that started to offer Distance Education. This dissertation is based on the prediction that the use of Design and Ergonomics methodologies in the management of work environments in ODL, together with the effective participation of the stakeholders, can bring different results in the resolution of organizational problems. For this, this dissertation contextualized the current scenario of the Brazilian ODL and its difficulties regarding legislation, cultural aspects and adaptation to the new technological tools. In the sequence, it discussed the different work systems and the issues that involve the relationship between organizations and their employees. It was also highlighted the particularities that should be observed when setting up multidisciplinary teams within ODL. Next, was detailed the methodologies that see Design and Ergonomics as tools of change, management and work culture creation, besides the importance of the professionals participation and involvement when searching for improvements in their work environment. Finally, to verify the applicability of the concepts raised, a case study was conducted in the didactic material department of the Cecierj Foundation. Through structured interviews and an online questionnaire, the study reached a series of suggestions for improvement and changes to the object addressed, based on the stakeholders participation and the organizational concepts of Ergodesign.

Submitted by paulo junior (paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-03-04T20:24:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 REGINA.pdf: 502335 bytes, checksum: 5d1914caffc3aa0e81714d83cef3c1b5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by paulo junior(paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-03-04T20:24:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 REGINA.pdf: 502335 bytes, checksum: 5d1914caffc3aa0e81714d83cef3c1b5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-03-05T12:47:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 REGINA.pdf: 502335 bytes, checksum: 5d1914caffc3aa0e81714d83cef3c1b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-27 / A atuação de profissionais da saúde no planejamento das atividades para a promoção de saúde em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) deveria seguir as diretrizes recomendadas pelos programas de saúde, preconizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde contemplando, dessa forma, as atividades práticas multidisciplinares e interdisciplinares. Contudo, os programas geralmente são implementados e implantados parcialmente ou sem o devido planejamento de suas ações e, nesses casos, penalizam a comunidade local que fica carente dos serviços básicos de saúde necessários para atendê-la, dentro dos padrões estabelecidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS); isto é, não é atingida a meta de ofertar assistência ao individuo na sua integralidade, por meio de práticas multidisciplinares e interdisciplinares. As dificuldades para implementação de atividades multidisciplinares e interdisciplinares, foram focalizadas na perspectiva dos profissionais que estão com o desafio de concretizá-las na prática, em sua UBS. Essas dificuldades perpassam pelo preparo e formação dos profissionais, abrangendo a integração e a comunicação da equipe, bem como desta para a Comunidade assistida, não se alcançando os preceitos de assistência integrada. / The role of health professionals in the planning of activities to promote health in Basic Health Units (UBS) should follow the recommended guidelines for health programs, recommended by the Ministry of Health contemplating thus the practice multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary activities. However, the programs are usually implemented or partially implemented and without proper planning of your actions and in such cases, reduce the local community which is deprived of basic health services needed to serve it within the standards established by the Unified Health System (SUS), ie is not achieved the goal of offering assistance to individuals in their entirety, through multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary practice. The difficulties for implementation of activities to multidiscipline and interdisciplinary, was focused in the perspective of the professionals who are with the challenge to materialize them in the practical one, in its UBS. These difficulties also pass by for the preparation and formation of the professionals, enclosing the integration and communication of the team and of this for the attended Community, without reaching the rules of integrated assistance.

Ce mémoire présente une étude sur le processus du co-design dans le contexte d’un projet d’architecture d’intérieur mené avec des acteurs multidisciplinaires. Nous nous sommes intéressés principalement sur la méthode de participation des acteurs lors du déroulement du processus. Le but de cette recherche est de mieux comprendre les rôles des différents intervenants en co-conception selon leurs disciplines et en contexte des différents outils représentationnels utilisés. Le projet du réaménagement de la bibliothèque HEC Montréal a été utilisé pour cette étude où trois groupes de participants multidisciplinaires, composés d'architectes, professeurs, bibliothécaires, professionnels, gestionnaires, étudiants et designers, on été mobilisés. Nous avons effectué l’observation de ces trois groupes lors de l’idéation, où les conversations, les comportements et les activités des participants ont été observés et analysés. Les résultats suggèrent une différence importante entre les rôles des participants multidisciplinaires en fonction de l’utilisation des outils représentationnels traditionnels et numériques. Nous avons trouvé que la multidisciplinarité est principalement plus importante dans les premières phases des conversations de design, et que les phases les plus avancées davantage font plus appel aux connaissances des disciplines en question. À travers les différents rôles des participants, les résultats proposent aussi l’apparition de deux types de hiérarchie communicationnelle et créative. À partir de ces résultats, cette étude apporte de nouvelles pistes de recherche qui pourront bonifier davantage l'approche du co-design en architecture d’intérieur et en design en général. / This paper presents a study on the co-design process in the context of an interior design project with multidisciplinary stakeholders. We focused mainly on the method of participation of stakeholders in the process flow. The purpose of this research is to better understand the roles of different stakeholders in co-design according to their disciplines and in context of different representational tools. The project of the redevelopment of the library HEC Montreal was used for this study where three multidisciplinary groups of participants were mobilized composed of architects, teachers, librarians, professionals, managers, students and designers. We conducted the observation of these three groups during the ideation, where conversations, behaviours and activities of the participants were observed and analyzed. The results suggest a significant difference between the muldisciplinary participants roles based on the use of representational tools, the involvement of the multidisciplinary nature mainly in the earlier phases of collaborative ideation; two types of hierarchies (communicational and creative) emerged from the different roles of the participants. From these results, this study may provide new avenues of research that could further enhance the approach of co-design.

La présente thèse se donne non pas un mais deux objets d’étude : le théâtre tchèque des années 1960 d’une part, d’autre part la représentation imaginaire qui en est faite a posteriori. En suivant la « méthode » d’Edgar Morin et la « mythanalyse » de Gilbert Durand en tant que deux principales inspirations théoriques, ce cheminement commence par « un prologue » (1re partie) qui revient sur les héritages du passé, du XIXe siècle aux années 1950. Un « épilogue » (3e partie) prolonge la réflexion sur l’immédiat après-1968 mais aussi sur notre époque, qui est celle d’une célébration de cette décennie. La décennie des années soixante est étudiée de manière métadisciplinaire pour rendre compte d’un phénomène aussi riche que complexe (2e partie). Le re-nouveau théâtral des années 1960 arriva de deux fronts analysés dans deux parties consécutives de la thèse : d’une part par les grandes scènes institutionnelles grâce aux oeuvres d’Otomar Krejča au Théâtre National de Prague, du « triumvirat » Miloš Hynšt, Evžen Sokolovský et Bořivoj Srba au Théâtre d’État de Brno, et l’œuvre singulière d’Alfréd Radok (Laterna Magika, mélangeant théâtre et cinéma) ; d’autre part grâce aux petites scènes indépendantes. Ces dernières, très nombreuses, se divisaient en deux groupes : « les théâtres de petites formes » et les « petits théâtres », les premiers (comme Semafor, Cimrman, le « Non-théâtre » d’Ivan Vyskočil, ou le Théâtre Noir de Jiří Srnec) s’attachaient aux genres mineurs et pratiquaient différentes formes d’humour ; les seconds (comme le Théâtre Sur la Balustrade et Théâtre Za Branou) restaient attachés au texte dramatique.fronts analysés dans deux parties consécutives de la thèse : d'une part par les grandes scènes institutionnelles grâce aux œuvres d'otomar krejča au théâtre national de prague, du « triumvirat » miloš hynšt, evžen sokolovský et bořivoj srba au théâtre d'état de brno, et l'œuvre singulière d'alfréd radok (laterna magika, mélangeant théâtre et cinéma) ; d'autre part grâce aux petites scènes indépendantes. ces dernières, très nombreuses, se divisaient en deux groupes : « les théâtres de petites formes » et les « petits théâtres », les premiers (comme semafor, cimrman, le « non-théâtre » d'ivan vyskočil, ou le théâtre noir de jiří srnec) s'attachaient aux genres mineurs et pratiquaient différentes formes d'humour ; les seconds (comme le théâtre sur la balustrade et théâtre za branou) restaient attachés au texte dramatique. / The purpose of this dissertation thesis is double: in one hand to analyse the Czechs theatre of Sixties, in the second to examinate the imaginative representation of this artistic period in our days. Edgar Morin’s “Method” and Gilbert Durand analysis of myths are the principal elements of the theorical approach used. The first part called Prologue is dedicated to the historical legacy of Czech theatre (from XIX c. to the socialist realism of 1950’s.) The third part called Epilogue opens a reflexion on the heritage of the theatre of the 1960’s after 1968. The main part is study of renewal in Czech theatre in two parts. First of all, on main national theatre scenes (such as National Theatre in Prague, State Theatre in Brno) in work of such creators as Otomar Krejča, Miloš Hynšt, Evžen Sokolovský et Bořivoj Srba; secondary also in the universe of little theatre groups (Laterna Magika, Semafor, Cimrman, No-Theatre of Ivan Vyskočil, Black Theatre of Jiří Srnec).