At best anger is problematic for most of us and especially an issue for women (and other discriminated groups). True a collaborative craft project focusing on silver objects, I investigate female anger and how it is perceived. Also, how the prevention of acting it out silences our need for change. I use the aesthetics of magic to reference the judging of women acting outside of set rules, and also as a tactic of female liberation.

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AFRIKAANS: Die proefskrif handel oor die bongaka of towerypraktyke van die Batswana in Transvaal en Botswana. Die studie is hoofsaaklik gebaseer op oorspronklike navorsingswerk wat vanaf 1952 tot 1968 gedoen is, toe meer as 300 tekste in die Tswana-taal woordeliks afgeskryf is soos gedikteer deur 16 Tswana-dingaka of towerybeoefenaars. Meeste van die tekste is deur dingaka van die Kgatla-bagaKgafela gedikteer, maar ook is daar tekste van die Ngwato, Kwena, Tlokwa, Tlhako en ander stamme se dingaka. Hierdie tekste met vertaling langsaan en verklarende aantekeninge vorm die grondslag van hierdie proefskrif en word derhalwe as byvoegsel in ‘n tweede band hierby aangebied. In die verhandeling word voortdurend na hierdie tekste verwys, veral omdat inligting wat voorheen nie beskikbaar was nie vir sover dit die Tswana betref, daardeur bekombaar geword het en in ‘n sekere sin is dit ‘n uitbouing van die bestaande literatuur oor die denke en wesensopvatting van die suidelike Bantoe. Die proefskrif gee ‘n inleidende oorsig oor bestaande opvattings oor towery waarin die belangrikste beskouinge in die Volkekunde behandel word. Hierna word die geskiedenis van die Kgatla asook die stamstruktuur van die Tswana behandel, met ‘n oorsig oor die sosiale organisasie, die gesagstruktuur, ekonomiese aspek en die godsdienstige lewe. In hoofstuk IV word meer spesifiek gelet op die toordokters en hul klassifisering waarna in hoofstuk V in meer detail gelet word op die opleiding van die dingaka, hul toerusting, en skakeling met die badimo of voorouergeeste. Hul invloedsfeer in die stamlewe word vervolgens behandel soos o.a. in die kgotla of volksvergaderplek, in die gesinslewe, en hoe hul optree as “beskermers” van die gemeenskap, en as bemiddelaars in die stamreligie. Die veelvuldige dienste wat hulle as geëerde en gesogte helpers verrig in hul samelewing word meer uitvoerig bespreek in hoofstuk VII, soos o.a. hul optrede teen baloi of toornaars. Dolosgooiery met die ditaola word analities bespreek om die onderliggende sisteem by die interpretasie van die valwyses te verklaar. Vervolgens word die ngaka as geneesheer behandel, met ‘n noukeurige ondersoek na die metodes van behandeling by verskillende soorte siektes, asook die vroegtydige afwering daarvan. ‘n Faset van die bongaka waaraan besondere aandag gegee is, is die plante wat gebruik word. Monsters van meer as 500 verskillende plante is onder leiding van die dingaka in die veld versamel en hul gebruike in die tekste aangeteken, waarna hul vir identifikasie na die Nasionale Herbarium in Pretoria gestuur is. Heelwat nuwe lig kon gewerp word op die Tswana-name en –gebruike van die inheemse plante wat in hoofstuk IX behandel word. ‘n Lys van die name uit Tswana na die wetenskaplike benaming, en ook andersom word as byvoegsel aangeheg. Hoofstuk X handel oor die gebruik van insekte, reptiele, voëls en ander diere, asook die mens, in die preparate van die dingaka. In ‘n slothoofstuk word die denke by die Bantoe met betrekking tot die magiese en die empiriese nagegaan in die lig van die voorgaande uiteensetting met verwysing na die bestaande literatuur. In dié hoofstuk word die towerygeloof ook eties beoordeel en daar word ook gelet op die invloed wat dit nog het op die hedendaagse Kgatla en Tswana se godsdienstige lewe. ENGLISH: This thesis deals with bongaka or die magical practices of the Batswana in the Transvaal and Botswana. It is mainly based on original research-work which was done between 1952 and 1968. More than 300 texts were written down verbally as dictated by 16 Tswanas dingaka (“magicians”, “witch-doctors” or “medicine-men”). Most of the texts were dictated by Kgatla-bagaKgafela dingaka, but there are also texts of magicians from the Ngwato, Kwena, Tlokwa, Tlhako and other tribes. The original texts with translation and clarifying notes, form the basis of this thesis and are presented in an accompanying volume. Continuously reference is being made in the treatise to the original material, because of considerable new information which has come to light, which was not previously known with regard to the Tswana; to a certain extent it is also an addition to present literature on the principles of Bantu thought and their concept of reality. The thesis commences with an initial resumé of past and present-day views on magic sorcery and witchcraft in Anthropology. Subsequently the history of the Kgatla and the tribal structure of Tswana society is surveyed, with special reference to social organization, the tribal authority, the economic aspect and religious life. In chapter IV the various types of dingaka or “magicians” are discussed. In chapter V their training, equipment, and contact with the badimo or ancestor-spirits is described. This is followed by a review of the activities and influence of the dingaka in the kgotla (tribal assembly) and in the everyday life of the family and the individual, and how they act as “protectors” of society and as mediators in tribal religion. Their manifold services as honoured helpers of society are discussed in detail in chapter VII, as for instance in the prevention and treatment of boloi (sorcery) by baloi (sorcerers). Divination by means of ditaola of divining-bones is analysed so as to reveal the underlying system of interpretation. The ngaka is then discussed as “doctor” with a detailed study of his treatment of illness, as well as its prevention. Special attention is given to the plants which ware used by the dingaka. More than 500 different plants were collected under guidance of the “doctors’, and the medicinal uses recorded as dictated by them. Botanical specimens were forwarded to the National Herbarium in Pretoria for identification. Quite a considerable amount of new information on names and uses of the indigenous plants of Botswana and the Western Transvaal were obtained, and this is discussed in chapter IX. A list of Tswana names with their scientific equivalents and vice versa is attached in the addendum. Chapter X is a description of the use made of insects, reptile, bird and animal, as well as human body parts in the compounded “medicines”. In a final chapter Bantu thought is discussed as pertaining to the magical and the empirical world in the light of the foregoing information, with reference to existing ethically and its influence on their present-day religious life is finally reviewed. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 1971. / Anthropology and Archaeology / unrestricted

Most of the Swedish people are saving their money in savings accounts with limited yield potential. This study examines how the two investment strategies Magic Formula and Graham Screener performs on the Swedish stock market subgroups Large, Mid and Small Cap. With a focus to determine which strategy who suits the private investor best and yield the highest return, with the risk taken into account. The study also examines if it is possible to time the market during a long period of time to yield the highest return possible. After calculating the return on each month and market, the result from this study shows us that Magic Formula is the preferred strategy to use. It was able to yield a higher return over time compared to Graham Screener on each market and with less risk involved. However, Graham Screener should nonetheless be regarded as a qualitative investment decision for the investor.  The result also showed us that it is difficult to time the market over time which implicates that return based on a specific month occurs random and should be neglected by the private investor.

This thesis aims to explore the various forms of healing magic; seiðr, galdr, and herbal medicine, of the Late Scandinavian Iron Age. I aim to analyse how magic can be found in the medicinal empirical material, who used these objects, and, on whom. The analysis is limited to physical sickness and what caused said diseases. The empirical material is limited to objects of clear magical medicinal use in order to dive deeper into the analysis of how the magic can be found, why, and who used said object or herb. Magic and medicine are two sides of the same coin and have walked hand in hand all through history. In fact, the two are so deeply ingrained in each other that medicinal practices were long thought to derive from magic. The empirical material and theoretical framework in this analysis reflect that belief. I developed my own theoretical framework expanding from existing theories by building on cognitive approaches to shed new light on magic as a means to manipulate this world with powers deriving from another. This framework will help with addressing hitherto unexplored aspects of magical medicine in the Late Iron Age Scandinavia. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att utforska de olika former av läkemagi; seiðr, galdr, och herbal medicin under sen-Skandinavisk järnålder. Jag försöker analysera hur magi kan hittas i det medicinska empiriska materialet, vem som använde dessa och mot vem. Analysen är begränsad till fysiska sjukdommar och vad som orsakade dessa. Det empiriska materialet har begränsats till material som har tydliga magiska medicinska egenskaper för att kunna djupdyka i hur magi kan finnas, av vem och varför detta objekt eller ört användes. Magi och medicin är två sidor av samma mynt och har gått hand i hand genom hela historien. De två principerna är så djupt inrotade i varandra att medicinsk praxis har länge antagits härstamma från magi. Det empiriska materialet och det teoretiska ramverket reflekterar denna tro. Eftersom inget existerande teoretiskt ramverk kan helt svara på de frågor jag ställt inför denna analys har jag valt att uteckla ett nytt ramverk som bygger på kognitiv evolutions teori och magi som ett sätt att manipulera världen med krafter från en annan. Denna teori kommer hjälpa med att tilltala hittils outforskade aspekter av magisk medicin under den sen-Skandinaviska järnåldern.

Beginning in 1964, an academic lineage of Robert DuBois and his students, Daniel Wolfman and Jeffrey Eighmy, developed dedicated United States-based archaeomagnetic research programs. Collectively, they analyzed over 5,377 archaeomagnetic sites, primarily from North America, dated to less than 2,000 years old. Yet despite their decades of effort, few journal publications resulted. Most of their published results are embedded in archeological reports, often without technical data, which limits the data's accessibility. Furthermore, when published, the results are generally averaged at the site level using statistical conventions different from today's standards, limiting the data's comparability and (re)usability. In 2015, we undertook a salvage archival study to digitize the surviving data and metadata from the scientists' individual estates and emeritus collections. We digitized measurement data from more than 51,000 specimens, reinterpreted them using modern conventions, and uploaded them to the FAIR-adhering magnetic data repository, earthref.org/MagIC. The reinterpreted site-level results from the three laboratories are mutually consistent, permitting the individual data sets to be combined and analyzed as single regional entities. Through incorporation into the MagIC repository, these legacy data are now accessible for incorporation into archaeomagnetic and global magnetic field modeling efforts, critical to understanding Earth's magnetic field variation through time. In the Four Corners region of the United States Southwest, this digitized archive advances the development of a new regional paleosecular variation curve used in archaeomagnetic dating. This project highlights both the value and complexities of managing legacy data; the many lessons learned to set a precedent for future paleomagnetic data recovery efforts.

Kontextmedvetna spel låter den reella omgivningenpåverka aspekter av spelinnehållet. Då kontextmedvetna spel i en mobil miljö är ett väl utforskat område saknas forskning kring dess möjlighet att även fungera i en stationär miljö. I denna utforskande studie har en modifikation till det stationära spelet Cities: Skylines utvecklats som låter spelarens aktivitet påverka nästkommande spelsession. Modifikationen har sedan använts vid en användarstudie som undersökt hur denna typ av mer löst kopplade kontext där spel och kontext är tidsmässigt separerade påverkar spelarens upplevelse. Studien visar att denna typ av kontextmedvetenhet upplevs önskvärt. Det kan dock krävas någon form av hjälpande länk som förstärker kopplingen mellan spel och kontext samt att kontextmedvetenhetens syfte bör vara att förstärka spelupplevelsen snarare än att vara en drivande faktor.

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