Zugleich: Diss. Freiburg (Breisgau), 2007. / Literaturverz.

A Bachelor degree paper on malcolm X, his rhetorics and how he "self-represented" himself. Main focus is on his autobiography "The Autobiography of Malcolm X" and a few of his specches that he delivered the last few years prior to his violent death.

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The fascinating relationship between Conrad Aiken (1889-1973) and Malcolm Lowry (1909-1957) has formed the subject of a number of critical studies and fictional treatments. The study of this relationship is of value both for its biographical interest and literary significance, particularly in terms of the literary influence of one writer upon the other. Through Aiken and Lowry's entertaining and extremely articulate correspondence, one has access to what is possibly the most intimate view of this relationship available to date. Although a number of these letters have been previously published, often in incomplete form, In Selected Letters of Conrad Aiken ed. Joseph Killorin, and Selected Letters of Malcolm Lowry eds. Harvey Breit and Margerie Bonner Lowry, three-quarters of the letters have remained unpublished. This volume provides the first complete collection of Aiken and Lowry's correspondence. It comprises eighty-nine letters from the two writers, including photographs, poems, and drawings which they enclosed in their letters, written between 1929, the year when Lowry wrote his first letter of introduction to Aiken, and 1954. This collection contains the complete texts of all letters together with editorial notes and commentary. In addition, it provides textual notes outlining the changes made by each writer at the time of composition. These letters not only reveal the mutual admiration of Lowry and Aiken, and at times their jealousy of each other, but are literary works in their own right. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

[pt] Foram muitas as vezes em que o jornalismo se aliou à literatura para a produção de reportagens, mas menos célebres aquelas em que, para isso, a linguagem dos jornais e revistas foi além do empréstimo de características da ficção. Nesse sentido, o espaço que a obra da repórter americana Janet Malcolm (1934-2021) ocupa pode ser visto como um entrelugar que une o ritmo do chamado jornalismo narrativo ao comentário, à análise e à reflexão. A investigação que seus relatos proporcionam tem por interesse não só a resolução do caso, mas sobretudo a inspeção constante da própria linguagem jornalística, o lugar da repórter na apuração dos fatos e as contradições do texto de não ficção. Essas características propõem uma aproximação da obra de Malcolm com o gênero do ensaio, relação que se evidencia no prolongamento de trechos em que a autora suspende a toada do relato para emitir as próprias ideias sobre o que encontra pelo caminho. Com o objetivo de aferir os modos pelos quais a jornalista insere e trabalha essas análises no texto, além do efeito que elas produzem na peça que escreve, esta dissertação aproxima Malcolm do ensaísmo e sugere a junção dos dois elementos para considerar uma reportagem marcada pelo pensamento em movimentação constante. Para isso, não só leituras célebres sobre teoria do ensaio serão consideradas, como também terá lugar o ímpeto próprio da autora com os temas da verdade e da franqueza, desencadeadores da metalinguagem em suas matérias. / [en] There are many occasions in which journalism has allied itself with literature in the production of feature story reporting. Less celebrated, however, are times that, in order to accomplish that goal, the language of newspapers and magazines went beyond simply borrowing elements from fiction writing. The place occupied by the work of Janet Malcolm (1934-2021) can be seen as a space in-between the two languages that unites the rhythm from the so-called narrative journalism text with commentary, analysis and reflection. The investigation featured in her pieces focus not only on the resolution of the narrative problems, but mainly on the constant inspection of journalistic language, the reporter s approach to gathering information, as well as the contradictions in writing nonfiction texts. These aspects can approximate Malcolm s work with the essay genre, a bond that shows itself in passages where the author stops the narrative progression to display her own ideas on the story. In order to scrutinize the ways in which Malcolm introduces and works with this type of analysis, as well as the effect that they have in her pieces, this thesis connects Malcolm and essayism to propose a kind of feature story writing that is defined by its display of the ever-changing thought process of the writer in the creation of the text. In order to develop this approximation, not only the most famous theories of the essay are taken into consideration, but also the writer s will to address the themes of truth, sincerity and metalanguage in her pieces of journalism.

Academic fiction in its current form—as novels set on university campuses and focused on the lives of faculty—has existed since the mid-twentieth century. The genre explores the purposes and the cultures of universities and the lives of their faculty. Because universities have traditionally been insular communities that interact little with the outside world, the novels contain few non-academic characters. However, one non-academic group does appear consistently throughout the genre—the academic wives. These characters host parties, care for their husbands and children, and remain largely separate from the university structure. Although they appear in nearly all academic fiction, they have escaped notice by critics because they are secondary characters who exist largely in the background. However, a comparison of academic wives and their roles in C. P. Snow's The Masters (published 1951; set 1937), Kingsley Amis's Lucky Jim (published 1954; set in the early 1950s), and Malcolm Bradbury's The History Man (published 1975; set 1972) shows that these characters contribute significantly to the development of universities' cultures. Their roles both influence and respond to changes within the university structure. The academics' anxiety over the wives' potential influence on university affairs in these novels, and these women’s responses to this anxiety, enable the genre to explore the division between academics and non-academics within the university culture.

This thesis analyses the works of Sir John Malcolm (1769-1833) as key texts in the intellectual history of the formation of British India. It is concerned less with Malcolm's widely acknowledged role as a leading East India Company administrator and more with the unparalleled range of influential books that he wrote on imperial and Asian topics between 1810 and his death in 1833. Through the publication of nine major works, numerous pamphlets and articles and a few volumes of poetry, Malcolm established his reputation as an authority in three major areas. Firstly, the Sketch of the Political History of India (1811) and the posthumously published Life of Robert Lord Clive (1836) remained major sources on the history of the founding of the British empire in India for much of the nineteenth century. Through these histories, he wove the anxieties of the Company's solider-diplomats of the early nineteenth into the narrative of the Company's rise as an imperial power. With the History of the Sikhs (1810) and, to a far greater extent, the History of Persia (1815), Malcolm sealed his reputation as a path-finding orientalist making an early contribution to European knowledge of India's north-west frontier. Lastly, Malcolm's Memoir of Central India (1823), which analysed the history of the region from the rise of the Marathas to the British conquest in 1818, is one of the most sophisticated and politically significant examples of British efforts to construct an Indian past that accounted for British imperial control in the present. This study's detailed examination of his works provides an invaluable insight into how British imperial mentalities in the period before 1857 were shaped by the interplay between trends and events in India and Britain on the one hand and the competing historiographical and political traditions current among British imperial administrators on the other. It demonstrates that British thinking on India was far from unified and was often characterised less by a desire to formulate an ideology for rule – even if this was its eventual effect – and more by bitter divisions between imperial administrators. Malcolm's need to counter the arguments of his opponents among the Court of Directors in the decade after Governor General Wellesley's departure in 1806 and his resistance to more radical commentators on India like James Mill in the 1820s, shaped his writing. Malcolm's influence and the range of topics he wrote about make him an ideologue of empire and a pioneer of British orientalism and the historiography of British India. Malcolm's body of works is the most comprehensive and prominent example of how the British responded intellectually to their empire in India in the generation after the Trial of Warren Hastings and before the first Anglo-Afghan war.

Prophet Muhammad stated, “A white has no superiority over black nor a black has any superiority over white except by piety and good action.” Because of the continual idea of race as a social construct, this study examines the memoirs of Douglass, Jacobs and Malcolm X, as it relates to the narrative of self and identity. They have written their personal autobiographies utilizing diction as a tool that develops their art of storytelling about their distinct life journeys. These protagonists utilize their autobiographical experiences to construct a generational transference of race and identity from when Douglass was born in 1818, to Jacob’s escape to freedom in 1838 to the assassination of Malcolm X in 1965. Historically, the texts are written from where slavery was still an institution until it was abolished in 1865, proceeding through to the Civil Rights movement. Frederick Douglass, Harriet Jacobs and Malcolm X will experience racial trauma throughout their personal narratives that were life-altering events that severely influenced them as they matured from adolescence to adulthood. The writer has determined that, “Racial trauma can be chracterized as being physically and or psychologically damaged because of one’s race or skin color that permanently has long lasting negative effects on an individual’s thoughts, behavior or emotions,” i.e., African American victims of police brutality are racially traumatized because they suffer with behavioral problems and stress, after their encounters. This case study is based on the definition of race as a social construct for Douglass, Jacobs and Malcolm X’s narratives that learn to self-identify beyond the restrictions of racial discrimination which eventually manifests into white oppression in a world that does not readily embrace them. Their autobiographies provide self-reflection and a broad comprehension about how and why they were entrenched by race. Douglass, Jacobs and Malcolm X were stereotyped, socially segregated, and internalized awareness of despair because of their race. Conclusions drawn from Frederick Douglass-Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: American Slave, Harriet Jacobs-Incidences of a Slave Girl, and Malcolm X’s- Autobiography of Malcolm X will exemplify the subject of African American narrators countering racism and maneuvering in society.