L'étude phytochimique de plantes médicinales suscite depuis toujours beaucoup d'intérêt à cause de la variété de métabolites secondaires à activités biologiques intéressantes fabriqués par les plantes. Dans ce travail de thèse, notre contribution à l'amélioration de la connaissance de quelques plantes médicinales ivoiriennes par l'isolement et la caractérisation de leurs molécules a été rapportée. Les espèces Gouania longipetala, Ventilago africana (Rhamnaceae), Combretum racemosum (Combretaceae) et Glyphaea brevis (Malvaceae) ont été investiguées. Soixante métabolites secondaires ont été identifiés par les techniques spectroscopiques (RMN et SM). Une première partie présente l'investigation phytochimique des parties aériennes de G. longipetala qui a conduit à l'isolement de 23 composés dont neuf saponosides à squelette de type dammarane et quatre hétérosides flavoniques de structures nouvelles. Dans un second temps, nos travaux ont mené à l'élucidation de 12 flavonoïdes dont deux nouveaux et un acide sesquiterpénique à partir des feuilles de V. africana. Ces flavonoïdes ont été identifiés à la rhamnocitrine substituée en position 3 par une chaîne diosidique ou triosidique. Les racines de Combretum racemosum ont fourni 16 triterpènes dont un à squelette de type 18-oléanène de structure nouvelle. Finalement, un dérivé du cinnamide et dix nouveaux C-glycosides de phényl nonane substitués en position 9 par un iminosucre ont été caractérisés à partir des racines de G. brevis. Cette étude correspond à la première identification structurale de métabolites secondaires des espèces Gouania longipetala, Ventilago africana (Rhamnaceae) et Combretum racemosum (Combretaceae). / The phytochemical study of medicinal plants has always raised a lot of interest because of the variety of secondary metabolites with interesting biological activities produced by plants. In this thesis, our contribution to improving the knowledge of some ivorian medicinal plants by the isolation and characterization of their molecules has been reported.Species Gouania longipetala, Ventilago africana (Rhamnaceae), Combretum racemosum (Combretaceae) and Glyphaea brevis (Malvaceae) were investigated. Sixty secondary metabolites were identified by spectroscopic techniques (NMR and MS).The first part presents the phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of G. longipetala which led to the isolation of 23 compounds including nine new saponins with skeleton type dammarane and four new flavonoids glycosides.In a second step, our work has led to the elucidation of 12 flavonoids including two original and a sesquiterpene acid from the leaves of V. africana. These flavonoids have been identified as rhamnocitrin substituted at position 3 by a disaccharide or trisaccharide chain. The roots of Combretum racemosum provided 16 triterpenes and one of them is a new compound with a skeleton type 18-oleanene. Finally, a derivative of cinnamide and ten new alkyl phenyl C-glycosides substituted at position 9 by iminosugar have been characterized from the roots of G. brevis.This study represents the first structural identification of secondary metabolites of the species Gouania longipetala, Ventilago africana (Rhamnaceae) and Combretum racemosum (Combretaceae).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-15T13:31:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1dissertacao-capa.pdf: 85499 bytes, checksum: 93abb32e87de260a937eca45af655983 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-12-16 / Palinotaxonomicaly, 27 species of the tribe Byttnerieae, Hermannieae and Helictereae (Malvaceae s. l.) from Bahia State were studied with aim of to increase alow knowledge pollen morphology and to contribute with a taxonomic delimitation of the taxa. The pollen material were acetolysed, analyzed and photographed under light and scanning electron microscopic. Four pollen types are recognized based in exine ornamentation and apertural type: (I) pollen grains (2)3(4)-porate, aspidate, planaperturate, (micro)reticulate exine, whose are representated by the tribe Byttnerieae (Ayenia L., Byttneria L. and Rayleya Crist?bal); (II) pollen grains (2)3-colporate, microreticulate exine, constitute only by Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (tribe Byttnerieae); (III) pollen grains 3 to 8-colporate, suprareticulate or spinulose exine, represented by Melochia L. and Waltheria L. of the tribe Hermannieae; (IV) pollen grains (2)3(4)-porate, no aspidate, angulaperturate, verrucate or spinulose exine in the species of the tribe Helictereae (Helicteres L.). In the tribe Byttnerieae was observed that Ayenia, Byttneria and Rayleya form a palinotaxonomic complex very homogeneous and in Byttneria and Rayleya were closed related because the reticulate ornamentation of exine. In the tribe Hermannieae, the pollen dimorphism associated the heterostyly of the Melochia and Waltheria species corroborated their proximity. In the tribe Helicterieae, the differentiated morphologic caracterization of Helicteres pollen grains support its taxonomic position in the tribe. The results demonstrated the taxonomic importance of pollen morphology studies corroboring with the subdivision of the taxa subordinates in this tribes. / Neste trabalho ? apresentado o estudo palinotaxon?mico de 27 esp?cies das tribos Byttnerieae, Hermannieae e Helictereae (Malvaceae s. l.) que ocorrem no Estado da Bahia, com o objetivo de ampliar o conhecimento da morfologia pol?nica e contribuir para a melhor delimita??o dos t?xons a? inclu?dos. Os gr?os de p?len foram acetolisados, analisados sob microscopias ?ptica e de varredura, descritos e ilustrados por meio de fotomicrografias e eletromicrografias. Considerando a ornamenta??o da exina e o tipo apertural, foram reconhecidos quatro tipos pol?nicos: (I) gr?os de p?len (2)3(4)-porados, aspidados, planaperturados, exina (micro)reticulada, cujos representantes pertencem ? tribo Byttnerieae (Ayenia L., Byttneria L. e Rayleya Crist?bal); (II) gr?os de p?len (2)3-colporados, exina microrreticulada, constitu?do apenas por Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (tribo Byttnerieae); (III) gr?os de p?len 3 a 8 colporados, exina suprarreticulada ou espiculada, representado pelos g?neros da tribo Hermannieae (Melochia L. e Waltheria L.); (IV) gr?os de p?len (2)3(4)-porados, n?o aspidados, angulaperturados, exina verrucada ou espiculada, presentes nas esp?cies da tribo Helictereae (Helicteres L.). Na tribo Byttnerieae, observou-se que Ayenia, Byttneria e Rayleya formam um complexo palinotaxon?mico muito homog?neo, no qual as esp?cies de Byttneria e Rayleya se aproximam pela ornamenta??o da exina reticulada. Na tribo Hermannieae, o dimorfismo pol?nico associado ? heterostilia apresentado pelas esp?cies de Melochia e Waltheria corrobora a proximidade desses g?neros. Enquanto que na tribo Helictereae, a caracteriza??o morfol?gica diferenciada dos gr?os de p?len de esp?cies estudadas de Helicteres sustentam o posicionamento taxon?mico a parte desse g?nero.Pelos resultados obtidos, pode-se afirmar que a morfologia pol?nica tem import?ncia taxon?mica e corrobora a subdivis?o dos t?xons subordinados a estas tribos.

Submitted by Rosana Amâncio (rosana.amancio@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-27T12:46:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA EMILIA FORMIGA MARQUES-DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCNBio 2016..pdf: 2835398 bytes, checksum: a8f067a8cdbaaf34bcd0fd842ae3c37c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-27T12:46:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA EMILIA FORMIGA MARQUES-DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCNBio 2016..pdf: 2835398 bytes, checksum: a8f067a8cdbaaf34bcd0fd842ae3c37c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-04 / CNPq / A fitoquímica se dedica à caracterização estrutural, avaliação de propriedades e investigações biossintéticas de substâncias naturais produzidas pelo metabolismo secundário de organismos vivos. Dessa forma, a fitoquímica contribui para a divulgação e geração de novos conhecimentos, colaborando com a manutenção da saúde e a cura de doenças. A família Malvaceae apresenta grande importância econômica, destacando-se na alimentação do homem e de outros animais, na indústria têxtil, na produção de óleos e fibras, na madeireira, como ornamental e na medicina. Nesse trabalho objetivou-se contribuir com o estudo fitoquímico e farmacológico de Sida santaremnensis, uma espécie da família Malvaceae, a partir do isolamento, purificação e determinação estrutural de constituintes químicos dessa planta, bem como pela avaliação da atividade antiinflamatória e antitumoral do constituinte isolado de forma majoritária. Através dos métodos cromatográficos usuais foram obtidos dois flavonoides de Sida santaremnensis: canferol e canferol 3-O-β-D-glicosil-6’’-α-L-ramnosídeo, ambas as moléculas com atividades biológicas comprovadas na literatura, sendo a primeira inédita na espécie. A identificação estrutural dessas substâncias foi realizada utilizando-se o método espectroscópico de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Hidrogênio e de Carbono 13 e comparações com dados da literatura. A avaliação imunofarmacológica desenvolvida com o canferol 3-O-β-D-glicosil-6’’-α-L-ramnosídeo revelou que este apresenta possível ação anti-inflamatória e essa ação não relacionada com a morte celular. Enquanto a avaliação da atividade antitumoral demonstrou que este flavonoide glicosilado não apresenta atividade contra leucemia promielocítica humana. / The phytochemical is dedicated to the structural characterization, evaluation of properties and biosynthetic investigations of natural substances produced by the secondary metabolism of living organisms, which contributes to the dissemination and generation of new knowledge. The Malvaceae family has great economic importance, highlighting in the feed of man and other animals, textile industry, in the production of oils and fiber, in the timber, such as ornamental and medicine. This work aimed to contribute to the phytochemical and pharmacological study of Sida santaremnensis, a species of Malvaceae family, from the isolation, purification and structure determination of chemical constituents of this plant, as well as the evaluation of the immunomodulatory activity and antitumor isolated constituent a majority manner. Through usual chromatographic methods were obtained two flavonoid in Sida santaremnensis: kaempferol and kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glycosyl-6‖-α-L-rhamnoside, both molecules with biological activity evidenced in the literature, the first unprecedented in species. The structural identification of these compounds was carried out using the spectroscopic method of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Hydrogen and Carbon 13 and comparisons with literature data. The evaluation immunopharmacological developed with kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glycosyl-6 ''-α-L-rhamnoside showed that this presents potential anti-inflammatory action and that is unrelated to the cell death activity. While the evaluation of the antitumor activity demonstrated that this glycosylated flavonoid does not have activity against human promyelocytic leukemia.

Submitted by Clebson Anjos (clebson.leandro54@gmail.com) on 2016-03-30T20:42:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1814716 bytes, checksum: a26c5822d97b7f1b0b306ae1dd8adf49 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-30T20:42:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1814716 bytes, checksum: a26c5822d97b7f1b0b306ae1dd8adf49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-10 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The tradition of consumption of medicinal plants is one of the oldest practices of humanity and in the Brazilian scenario plants play an important role in folk medicine, not only for its food character, but also for its healing properties, whether for scientific grounds or by popular beliefs, knowledge of its chemical constituents, pharmacological activities and mechanism of action are open for proving the efficacy and its safe use. The Waltheria viscosissima A. St. Hil. Is a species belonging to Malvaceae family popularly known as viscosa malva. Listed in popular medicine to expectorant action, antitussive, anti-hypertensive, maturativa of tumors and for the treatment of ulcers. The phytochemical study of the phase ethyl acetate ethanol extract partitioning of Waltheria viscosissima A. St. Hil. and the phases obtained from the alkaloids gear through column chromatographic techniques led to the isolation of three substances: tilirosídeo (Wv-1), a mixture of waltheriona wlatheriona A and B (Wv-2). The structural identification of these substances were performed by spectroscopic methods using nuclear magnetic resonance IR and 1H and 13C, with the aid of single- and two-dimensional techniques, as well as by comparisons with literature data. / A tradição do consumo de plantas medicinais é uma das práticas mais antigas da humanidade e no cenário brasileiro as plantas desempenham um importante papel na medicina popular, não apenas por seu caráter alimentar, mas também por suas propriedades de cura, sejam elas com fundamentos científicos ou por crendices populares. O conhecimento dos seus constituintes químicos, atividades farmacológicas e mecanismo de ação são a abertura para comprovação da eficácia e o seu uso seguro. A Waltheria viscosissima A. St. Hil. é uma espécie pertencente a família Malvaceae conhecida popularmente como malva viscosa. Apontada pela medicina popular com ação expectorante, antitussígena, anti-hipertensiva, maturativa de tumores e para o tratamento de úlceras. O estudo fitoquímico realizado com a fase acetato de etila do particionamento do Extrato Etanólico Bruto da Waltheria viscosissima A. St. Hil. e as fases obtidas da marcha de alcaloides através de técnicas cromatograficas em coluna, levou ao isolamento de três substâncias: tilirosídeo (Wv-1), uma mistura de waltheriona A e wlatheriona B (Wv-2). A identificação estrutural dessas substâncias foi realizada através de métodos espectroscópicos utilizando o Infravermelho e a Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de 1H e 13C, com o auxílio das técnicas uni e bidimensionais, como também por comparações realizadas com modelos da literatura.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ElizabethCGS_TESE.pdf: 1752120 bytes, checksum: 26c085d8d5dfb08cc0a651c3cfc9e7fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-26 / A resist?ncia microbiana a antimicrobianos tem favorecido a busca por subst?ncias bioativas provenientes de plantas usadas na medicina popular, com o intuito de se obter novos f?rmacos com atividade antimicrobiana. Neste estudo, foi proposta a investiga??o da atividade antibacteriana do ?leo-resina de Copaifera duckei e de diferentes extratos da casca de Pseudobombax marginatum, e seus poss?veis mecanismos de a??o. O potencial inibit?rio antibacteriano foi avaliado utilizando-se os m?todos de difus?o e dilui??o em ?gar, e a bioautografia. O mecanismo de a??o foi analisado por microscopia eletr?nica, no qual se observou altera??es na ultraestrutura bacteriana, e por eletroforese em SDS-PAGE, que determinou a??o sobre as prote?nas das superf?cies celulares. A an?lise qu?mica foi realizada pelas t?cnicas de Espectrometria de massas acoplada ao Cromat?grafo a g?s- EM/CG (C. duckei) e Cromatografia L?quida de Alta Efici?ncia- CLAE (P. marginatum). Entre as bact?rias estudadas, B. cereus foi a mais suscet?vel ?s plantas em estudo, com concentra??es inibit?rias m?nimas (CIMs) correspondentes a 0,3125 mg/mL para o ?leo-resina de copa?ba, e 0,5 mg/mL para extrato hidroalco?lico (1:1) e 0,512 mg/mL para a fra??o butan?lica da casca P. marginatum, nos quais p?de-se observar altera??es na parede celular do B. cereus, com remo??o da camada S, espessamento da parede celular e forma??o de diversos septos nos centros de divis?o celular. A an?lise qu?mica por EM/CG mostrou compostos terp?nicos no ?leo-resina de C. duckei, tendo como composto majorit?rio o β-bisaboleno, e a an?lise por CLAE mostrou a presen?a de compostos derivados da catequina na casca do P. marginatum. Desta forma, as plantas em estudo mostram um potencial antibacteriano consider?vel, podendo contribuir tanto na terapia antimicrobiana como na ?rea de alimentos, tendo como um de seus prov?veis s?tios de a??o a parede celular bacteriana

No description available.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Horticulture)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / The awareness of the nutritional benefit and consumption of the Jew’s mallow (Corchorus olitorius L.) especially in South Africa is low; this is predominantly because of lack of access and availability of the crop in the market. This research aimed to determine to what extent would the planting period affect mucilage, growth, yield and nutritional composition of the selected C. olitorius cultivar under different growing conditions and provide a better understanding and scientific evidence for the producers to maximize production. The experiments were carried out simultaneously, the first experiment (field trial), was on the field and the second (pot trial) in the shade house. Treatment factors were: 2 x growing conditions (field and pot), 4 x planting periods (November, December, January and February) and 3 x C. olitorius cultivars (‘Local’, ‘Oniyaya’ and ‘Amugbadu’). The experiments were carried out as randomised complete block design (RCBD) arranged in split-spilt plot with three replications. Growing condition was the main factor, planting period as the sub-factor, while the cultivars were the sub-subplot factor. Mucilage content, growth and yield parameters were measured and nutritional composition of the crop was determined from harvested plant samples. Mucilage content of C. olitorius varied with cultivar and growing condition. The significantly (P < 0.05) highest quantity of mucilage at 8 WAT was obtained from Oniyaya cultivar under field condition whereas the least was recorded from Local cultivar under pot condition. The mucilage content of the three cultivars did not differ significantly (P ≤ 0.05) at 6 WAT, however significant (P < 0.01) differences were recorded at 8 WAT. The cultivar Oniyaya produced significantly highest average (184.58 mPa.s) mucilage content at 8 WAT while the lowest average value (124.58 mPa.s) was recorded in the Local cultivar. This implies that Oniyaya cultivar produced the slimiest plants. The mucilage content of Jew’s mallow appears to decline over time; thus, the crop had higher mucilage content when young and tender. Selected growth parameters such as chlorophyll, number of leaves and stem diameter were significantly affected by the combined effect of cultivar, planting period and growing condition. For example, the average highest chlorophyll content was obtained in Oniyaya cultivar during November period under pot conditions. While the greatest number of leaves at 8 WAT were obtained in Oniyaya and Local cultivars during xxvii December planting period and in Amugbadu during November period all under the field conditions. All cultivars grown during the February planting period had the lowest average number of leaves. Growth parameters such as number of branches, plant height and leaf area were not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by the combined effect of cultivar, planting period and growing condition. Significant (P < 0.05) combined effect of cultivar and planting period was recorded on number of C. olitorius branches at 6 WAT. Furthermore, significant interaction between planting period and growing condition was also recorded. The significantly higher number of branches at 6 WAT was obtained from Oniyaya and Amugbadu cultivars during the November planting period. The test crop seedlings transplanted in February had the lowest average number of branches. Comparing the cultivars at 6 and 8 WAT, Oniyaya produced significantly (P < 0.01) higher number of branches than Local. Local cultivar was significantly taller than others under the field condition; while significantly tallest plant was obtained during December period under the same condition. The differences observed in C. olitorius shoot and root fresh and dry masses were not significantly different in their responses in relation to the combined effect of cultivar, planting period and growing condition. However, the significantly highest average fresh shoot mass was obtained during December period and the lowest average values in February planting period. The combined effect of cultivar, planting date and growing condition had significant (P < 0.01) influence on number of days to 50% flowering; pod formation and pod maturity of C. olitorius. The significantly longest average number of days to 50% flowering was observed in Oniyaya and Amugbadu cultivars during November period under field condition, while Local cultivar flowered at the shortest period, but produced highest number of pods and seed yield during the December planting period under the same condition. Cultivar, planting date and growing condition had significant (P < 0.01) influence on Zinc contents of C. olitorius. Whereas the three factors had no significant effect on N, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Mn, Fe, P, Al, ash and dry matter contents of the crop. The highest average amounts of N, Mg and K were obtained from Local cultivar during November period while the same cultivar produced the highest average amount of Ca during December period. In conclusion, the mucilage content and fresh shoot mass (which is xxviii the marketable part of C. olitorius) were optimal in crops grown during the December planting period when the temperatures are at the highest. While better nutritional content of the crop was better attained during the November planting period. Both November and December planting periods allowed C. olitorius to reach its maximum growth capacity, translating to higher yielding parameters than other planting periods.

The Malacothamnus alliance consists of three genera, Iliamna, Malacothamnus, and Phymosia. The genera are considered taxonomically complex since hybridization freely occurs, polyploidy levels vary, and there is a lack of distinct morphological characters to delineate taxa. Several taxonomic treatments have been prepared for each genus, but relationships within the genera and the relationship of the Malacothamnus alliance to others in the Malvaceae remains unknown. This multifaceted study aimed to (a) examine the monophyly of the Malacothamnus alliance and its position in the Malvaceae, (b) determine the relationships between genera in the alliance, (c) compare variation of nuclear and chloroplast genes in the alliance, (d) prepare revised taxonomic treatments for Iliamna and Malacothamnus, and (e) examine the probability of successful hybridization in Iliamna. The monophyly of the Malacothamnus alliance was not confirmed using DNA sequences of both nuclear and chloroplast regions. In Iliamna, little sequence variation was detected among taxa in the Rocky Mountains; however, the nuclear and chloroplast regions conflicted with regard to the relationships of the western and eastern taxa. An ancestral copy of the chloroplast genome is shared between the two eastern U.S. Iliamna species and Phymosia (Bahamas and Mexico). The nuclear ITS sequences indicated the western U.S. Iliamna species were more closely related to Phymosia and Malacothamnus than to other species in Iliamna. Neither data set provided sufficient variation to resolve relationships of species in Malacothamnus. Genetic variation and the feasibility of hybridization in Iliamna supported the results of the broader phylogenetic studies. Iliamna corei and I. remota are recently derived from I. rivularis. Hybrid offspring of I. corei and I. remota had higher viability and fecundity than did hybrids between crosses of either species and I. rivularis. The Virginia populations of I. corei and I. remota are more genetically similar than either is to Illinois populations of I. remota. However, the species are morphologically distinct and can easily be distinguished from others in the genus. Revised taxonomic treatments for Iliamna and Malacothamnus based on surveys of herbarium material are presented. Taxonomic revisions include the new combinations of Iliamna grandiflora subsp. grandiflora and I. grandiflora supsp. crandallii and the resurrection of Malacothamnus hallii and M. orbiculatus. / Ph. D.

Cette thèse décrit une méthodologie innovante d’extraction et d’hémisynthèse simultanée, dénommée SECheM (Simultaneous Extraction and Chemical Modification) sur une plante mauritanienne le Cienfuegosia digitata Cav. Cette méthodologie présente plusieurs avantages : (a) elle permet d’éviter les étapes critiques au niveau de la séparation et de la purification du gossypol, un polyphénol instable isolé de la plante ciblée (b) elle permet de stabiliser le gossypol thermiquement en le transformant en base de Schiff beaucoup plus stable. (c) elle présente un avantage en termes de réduction du nombre d’étapes et de temps. La même méthodologie a été utilisée pour accéder à des analogues bases de Schiff énantiomériquement pures du gossypol seulement en 2 étapes. Ces dernières transformées efficacement en complexes métalliques énantiomériquement purs se sont montrés être intéressants d’un point de vue catalytique. / This PhD work describes an innovative methodology for simultaneous extraction and semisynthesis, named SECheM (Simultaneous Extraction and Chemical Modification) on a Mauritanian plant: Cienfuegosia digitata Cav. This methodology offers many advantages: (a) It is a perfect solution to circumvent critical steps in the extraction, separation and purification processes of gossypol that is unstable polyphenol isolated from the targeted plant (b) It allows an in-situ preparation of more stable gossypol Schiff base derivatives (c) It shows an important reduction of step number and also the time needed for the process. The same SECheM methodology was used to access enantiomerically pure Schiff base derivatives of gossypol in only two steps. The latters were efficiently transformed into enantiomerically pure metallic complexes that appear to be very interesting in a catalytic reaction.

Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2014-09-17T17:07:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE COMPLETA.pdf: 4364010 bytes, checksum: db848addf66479f547ccb64d058e01e0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Fatima Cleômenis Botelho Maria (botelho@ufba.br) on 2014-09-19T12:34:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE COMPLETA.pdf: 4364010 bytes, checksum: db848addf66479f547ccb64d058e01e0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-19T12:34:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE COMPLETA.pdf: 4364010 bytes, checksum: db848addf66479f547ccb64d058e01e0 (MD5) / CNPq e CAPES / Os extratos MeOH de Poincinella pyramidalis (caatingueira), obtidas da casca da raiz (PPCR) e das flores (PPF), bem como, as frações orgânicas obtidas por partição, foram submetidas a testes de atividade citotóxica, antioxidante e anticolinesterásica. O teste citotóxico contra Artemia salina revelou atividade moderada para fase AcOEt em PPCR. Assim como, a fase AcOEt de PPCR apresentou 75% de inibição no teste anticolinesterásico. Para a atividade antioxidante, as fase AcOEt e BuOH de PPF foi a mais ativa, sendo atribuída a presença de galato de metila (PPF3). Por meio de processos cromatográficos foi possível isolar da fase DCM de PPF as substâncias PPF1 (alcoóis graxos), PPF2a-b (β–sitosterol/estigmasterol), PPF3 (galato de metila) e PPF4 (α e β–amirina). Além dessas, foram isoladas da fase hexano de PPCR ésteres metílicos (PPCR1) e o biflavonoide 5,7-dihidroxi-4´-metoxiflavona-6α-2´´´,4´´´-dihidroxi-4´´- metoxidihidrochalcona (PPCR3). Da fase hidroMeOH de PPCR foram isoladas as substâncias PPCR2 (ácido 3,3´-dimetoxi-4-hidroxielagico-4´-β-D-xilopiranosideo) e outro biflavonoide PPCR4 (5-hidroxi-7,4´-dimetoxiflavona-3α-2´´´-hidroxi-4´´´,4´´- dimetoxidihidrochalcona). Sendo PPCR3 e PPCR4 inéditas na literatura. O extrato hexano de Theobroma cacao (cacau) obtido das sementes (STC) foi analisado por RMN e revelou presença de triacilglicerideos. A otimização e fracionamento do extrato MeOH de T. cacao utilizando CCC levou ao isolamento simultâneo de teobromina (2), teofilina (3) e cafeína (4), fase móvel hexano:AcOEt (2:3) e estacionária MeOH:H2O (1:1). Um método analítico foi desenvolvido empregando HPLC/DAD com coluna fase reversa C-18 para a quantificação de 2, 3 e 4 nos extrativos em fase ácida/básica e nas frações STC6-22 e STC23-67 obtidas por CCC. Assim, os teores de 2 e 4 para no extrato MeOH de T. cacao e frações obtidas por CCC foram determinados. A teofilina (3) detectada e quantificada na fração STC6-22 em baixa concentração (0,78 mg/g) em relação a 2 e 4. A apigenina (6) foi sintetizada utilizando dois métodos distintos (“A” e “B”). O metodo “B” apresentou rendimento de 74% em uma única etapa. A síntese de derivados O-metilados forneceu bons rendimentos (> 90%). As substâncias isoladas/sintetizadas foram submetidas à atividade anticolinesterasica do qual, são inativas. As mesmas foram elucidadas a partir de dados de IV, UV, EM, α[D], RMN de 1H e 13C (BB e APT), RMN de correlação (HMQC, HSQC e HMBC). / The MeOH extracts from Poincinella pyramidalis (caatingueira), obtained of bark root (PPCR) and flowers (PPF), as well the organic fractions obtained by partition, have been tested for cytotoxicity, antioxidant and anticholinesterasic activity. The cytotoxic test against Artemia salina showed moderate activity for AcOEt phase in PPCR. Well the EtOAc phase of PPCR showed 75% inhibition on anticholinesterasic test. For the antioxidant activity, the EtOAc and BuOH phase of PPF was the most active, being attributed to the presence of methyl gallate (PPF3). For chromatographic process was possible to isolate the DCM phase of PPF the substances PPF1 (fatty alcohols), PPF2a- b (β–sitosterol/stigmasterol), PPF3 (methyl galate) and PPF4 (α- and β–amirin). Besides these, were isolated from the hexane phase PPCR methyl esters (PPCR1) and the biflavonoid 5,7-dihidroxy-4´-methoxyflavone-6α-2´´´,4´´´-dihidroxy-4´´-methoxy dihidrochalcone (PPCR3). The HidroMeOH phase of PPCR were the isolated substances PPCR2 (3,3´-dimethoxi-4-hidroxyellagicacid-4´-β-D-xylopiranoside) and other biflavonoid PPCR4 (5-hidroxy-7,4´-dimethoxyflavone-3α-2´´´-hidroxy-4´´´,4´´- dimethoxydihidrochalcone). Being PPCR3 and PPCR4 unpublished in literature. Hexane extract of Theobroma cacao (cacau) obtained from the seeds (STC) was analyzed by NMR and revealed the presence of triacylglycerides. The optimization and fractionation of MeOH extract of T. cacao using CCC led to the simultaneous isolation of theobromine (2) Theophylline (3) and caffeine (4), mobile phase hexane:EtOAc (2:3) and stationary MeOH:H2O (1:1). An analytical method was developed employing HPLC/DAD with reverse phase column C-18 for the measurement of 2, 3 and 4 in the extractives acid/base phase and the STC6-22 and STC23-67 fractions obtained by CCC. So, the levels of 2 and 4 for the MeOH extract of T. cacao and fractions obtained by CCC were determined. Theophylline (3) detected and quantified in the fraction STC6-22 low concentration (0.78 mg/g) in relation the 2 and 4. Apigenin (6) was synthesized using two different methods ("A" and "B"). The method "B" had a yield of 74% in one step. The synthesis of O-methylated derivatives provided good yields (> 90%). The isolated/synthesized substances were submitted to anticholinesterasic activity which are inactive. The same were elucidated from data of IR, UV, MS, α[D], 1H NMR and 13C NMR (BB and APT) NMR correlation (HMQC, HSQC and HMBC).