The proposed study intends to establish how procedural the reward systems are being implemented in the Limpopo Department of Health and whether claims of biases are founded. The study is aimed to determine the system’s influence on the organisation’s ability to track poor performance and to manage it. It also provides a refreshed view of the current pitfalls in the implementation of the programme, and subsequently provides indications of remedial action to recover the purpose of the performance management and development system. The study furthermore assesses the impact of performance management practices and explored the best implementable practices for effective performance management systems and best service delivery by the Limpopo Department of Health. A qualitative research approach that included interviews with HR and line managers was utilised and a quantitative research approach that included questionnaires from ordinary employees was followed. The findings are that the system cannot be linked to employee output, but an obvious benefit is employee rewards. The literature review shows that there is a general poor understanding of performance management and development system in the public service. It (Literature review. Chapter 2) further establishes that there are several challenges that hinder the effective implementation of performance management and development system in the public service. Other findings of the study include that there is a challenge of biased ratings (subjective assessment), and a setting of unrealistic performance targets which are unrealisable by employees. The main finding of the study is that lack of training poses a serious challenge in implementing performance management and development systems. Many respondents indicated that employees need to be brought to awareness about the implementation of the model so that both management and employees can work towards the Department’s vision. Some suggested that management should realise our needs and arrange training for capacity building. Another employee agitated that “I am not involved in any performance management because this is used for financial gains. This is another corrupt activity?” The above-mentioned statements clearly show concerns of employees in their overall performance. / Public Administration / M.P.A.

Capes / Com a crescente preocupação em relação à questão ambiental, não somente a sociedade, como também as empresas vêm buscando um equilíbrio, de maneira que as questões econômicas, ambientais e sociais interajam harmoniosamente. Dentre as ferramentas utilizadas para esse fim, a Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) vem se destacando, pois permite avaliar os impactos ambientais de determinado produto ou serviço oferecido. A ACV é composta de quatro fases: definição de objetivo e escopo; análise de inventário; avaliação de impactos; e, interpretação. Dentre essas fases, a análise de inventário, que consiste principalmente na coleta de dados, é a fase que mais consome tempo e talvez a de maior dificuldade em virtude de sua extensão. Por outro lado, existem dados disponibilizados em relatórios, sejam de agências ambientais, sejam de empresas que poderão, eventualmente, ser utilizados. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo, portanto, verificar a possibilidade de utilizar os dados desses relatórios ambientais para auxiliar a elaboração de ICVs. Para realizar essa verificação estabeleceram-se alguns critérios de corte e de qualidade que devem ser atendidos e, caso sejam, estabeleceu-se uma adequação para que possam ser utilizados em ICVs. Em seguida foram executados três estudos de casos em que são mostrados como foram feitas a verificação e adequação dos dados para poderem, enfim, serem utilizados em ICVs. Como resultado, pode-se afirmar que seguindo o procedimento adotado nesse trabalho é possível utilizar os dados desses relatórios ambientais. Identificou-se, porém, que a qualidade da maioria desses dados é baixa. / With the growing concern about the environmental issue, not only the society, but also companies are seeking a balance, so that the economic, environmental and social interact harmoniously. Among the tools used for this purpose, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been highlighted because it allows evaluating the environmental impacts of an offered product or service. The LCA consists of four phases: goal and scope definition; inventory analysis; impact assessment; and, interpretation. Among these phases, the inventory analysis, which mainly consists of data collection, is the most time-consuming and perhaps the most difficult phase because of its length. Moreover, environmental data are available in environmental reports, by environmental agencies, by companies that can possibly be used. This study aims to determine the possibility of using the data from these environmental reports to help the development of Life Cycle Inventories (LCIs). To perform this check were established some criteria for cutting and quality that must be met and, if so, adequate these data for being used in LCIs. Three case studies were performed in which the verification and the adequacy to be used in LCIs were carried out. As a result, it can be stated that by following the procedure adopted in this work is possible to use the data from these environmental reports. Moreover it was found that most of these data environmental reports do not meet the minimum required for use in LCIs.

Capes / Com a crescente preocupação em relação à questão ambiental, não somente a sociedade, como também as empresas vêm buscando um equilíbrio, de maneira que as questões econômicas, ambientais e sociais interajam harmoniosamente. Dentre as ferramentas utilizadas para esse fim, a Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) vem se destacando, pois permite avaliar os impactos ambientais de determinado produto ou serviço oferecido. A ACV é composta de quatro fases: definição de objetivo e escopo; análise de inventário; avaliação de impactos; e, interpretação. Dentre essas fases, a análise de inventário, que consiste principalmente na coleta de dados, é a fase que mais consome tempo e talvez a de maior dificuldade em virtude de sua extensão. Por outro lado, existem dados disponibilizados em relatórios, sejam de agências ambientais, sejam de empresas que poderão, eventualmente, ser utilizados. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo, portanto, verificar a possibilidade de utilizar os dados desses relatórios ambientais para auxiliar a elaboração de ICVs. Para realizar essa verificação estabeleceram-se alguns critérios de corte e de qualidade que devem ser atendidos e, caso sejam, estabeleceu-se uma adequação para que possam ser utilizados em ICVs. Em seguida foram executados três estudos de casos em que são mostrados como foram feitas a verificação e adequação dos dados para poderem, enfim, serem utilizados em ICVs. Como resultado, pode-se afirmar que seguindo o procedimento adotado nesse trabalho é possível utilizar os dados desses relatórios ambientais. Identificou-se, porém, que a qualidade da maioria desses dados é baixa. / With the growing concern about the environmental issue, not only the society, but also companies are seeking a balance, so that the economic, environmental and social interact harmoniously. Among the tools used for this purpose, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been highlighted because it allows evaluating the environmental impacts of an offered product or service. The LCA consists of four phases: goal and scope definition; inventory analysis; impact assessment; and, interpretation. Among these phases, the inventory analysis, which mainly consists of data collection, is the most time-consuming and perhaps the most difficult phase because of its length. Moreover, environmental data are available in environmental reports, by environmental agencies, by companies that can possibly be used. This study aims to determine the possibility of using the data from these environmental reports to help the development of Life Cycle Inventories (LCIs). To perform this check were established some criteria for cutting and quality that must be met and, if so, adequate these data for being used in LCIs. Three case studies were performed in which the verification and the adequacy to be used in LCIs were carried out. As a result, it can be stated that by following the procedure adopted in this work is possible to use the data from these environmental reports. Moreover it was found that most of these data environmental reports do not meet the minimum required for use in LCIs.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Management of teachers is one of the important tasks of principals at school, aside from their primary goal of ensuring that teaching and learning happens effectively at school, is their potential to manage two types of teachers present at school, unionised and non-unionised. It is well-established that principals have a mammoth task of identifying and implementing the correct strategies to manage these teachers. A review of the management styles in use today shows that the new management strategies are required to solve the problems encountered by principals in managing these teachers. Several methods of implementing these new strategies are described. These methods include creating trust between teachers and principals through fruitful communication and participation in decision-making. The application of the theory of emotional intelligence is described in detail. The theory of emotional intelligence denotes that the accomplishment in the management of human resources depends largely on the emotions, behaviours, and attitudes of managers. While past studies have detailed the effectiveness of the management styles used by principals to manage teachers, these studies have been confined to the management of teachers collectively. The present study distinguishes between teachers who are unionised and non-unionised and the individual, focus group interview and observation are the primary sources of data used in the study. The findings are intended to solve challenges associated with the implementation of the management strategies of principals in managing unionised and no-unionised teachers to attain improved quality teaching and learning in the context of South African secondary schools. The results show that developing trust between principals and teachers requires efforts from both parties. They also show that the main complaint about the management of teachers is unequal treatment of teachers and a lack of trust between teachers and principals in schools. The analysis of individual interviews, focus-group interviews and observations revealed that the establishment of strategies that address both types of teachers found at schools would be a significant step to take towards a positive management of teachers. It is proposed that the Department of Basic Education creates an environment where both teachers and managers’ personal and professional development is upskilled to expand their capabilities to deal with relational problems and challenges. / Educational Management and Leadership / Ph. D. (Education (Education Management))

Purpose The purpose of the research was firstly, to determine the competencies required of risk managers and secondly, to consider the implications of such competencies in determining possible modules for inclusion in the design of a specialised undergraduate qualification in Risk Management. Methodology A qualitative research approach was followed, involving focus group interview sessions as part of an Interactive Qualitative Analysis (IQA) research study. Focus Group 1 comprised of academics teaching risk management at public universities in South Africa, and Focus Group 2 comprised of risk management practitioners in South Africa. Findings The competencies identified are business management and risk management knowledge; attributes such as assertiveness and courage; values such as ethics and integrity; as well as people, business and technical skills. Research implications The unique contribution of the current research was the innovative use of IQA for data collection, the removal of subjectivity and the rigour in analysing and presenting the results. The results are a starting point or foundation for the design of a specialised undergraduate degree in risk management that will both meet the requirements of the risk management profession and will equip learners with the best possible combination of knowledge, skills, attributes, values and attitudes to effectively manage risk in organisations. The implications for further research are that a study of the design, benchmarking and validation of a curriculum framework for a specialised undergraduate degree in risk management could be conducted. The development of a curriculum framework or curriculum did not form part of the scope of this study. / Okokuqala inhloso yocwaningo, ukuthola amakhono adingekayo kubaphathi bezinhlekelele kanti okwesibili, ukubheka imiphumela yalokho kusebenza ekunqumeni amamojuli angafakwa ekwakhiweni kweziqu ezikhethekile ezingakaphothulwa ngabafundi ku-Risk Management. Kwalandelwa indlela yocwaningo efanelekile, ebandakanya izikhathi zokuxoxisana zamaqembu njengengxenye yocwaningo lwe-Interactive Qualitative Analysis (IQA). I-Focus Group yoku-1 inabafundi abafundisa ukulawulwa kwezinhlekelele emanyuvesi vi kahulumeni aseNingizimu Afrika, kanye neFocus Group yesi-2 inabasebenzi bokulawulwa kobungozi eNingizimu Afrika. Amakhono ahlonziwe ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi nolwazi lokulawulwa kobungozi; anezimpawu ezinjengokuzethemba kanye nokuba nesibindi; ubugugu obufana nokuziphatha nobuqotho; kanye nabantu, amakhono ebhizinisi nezobuchwepheshe. / Die doel van die studie was eerstens om die bekwaamhede waaroor risikobestuurders moet beskik te bepaal, en tweedens, wat die implikasies van sodanige bekwaamhede inhou vir die modules vir insluiting in die ontwerp van ‘n gespesialiseerde voorgraadse kwalifikasie in Risikobestuur. Die studie het ‘n kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering gevolg deur gebruik te maak van fokusgroepsessies as deel van ‘n Interaktiewe Kwalitatiewe Ontleding (IKO) navorsingstudie. Fokusgroep 1 het bestaan uit akademici wat risikobestuur by openbare universiteite in Suid-Afrika doseer, en Fokusgroep 2 het uit risikobestuurpraktisyns in Suid-Afrika bestaan. Die bekwaamhede wat identifiseer is, is kennis van ondernemingsbestuur en risikobestuur; eienskappe soos selfgeldendheid en moed; waardes soos etiek en integriteit; asook mense, sake en tegniese vaardighede. / Finance, Risk Management and Banking / M. Com. (Risk Management)

Globalisation, technological advancements and changing social needs result in virtual work arrangements becoming more prominent. Virtual work is conducted away from the traditional office setting and usually occurs in employees’ personal home environments. Virtual work has been called virtualling in this study, and virtual employees are referred to as virtuallers. A phenomenological orientation was adopted in studying completely virtual workers in a completely virtual context; sourcing of participants and data collection were also conducted completely virtually. This study presented new ways of conducting research in the modern, virtual world of work. An autoethnography was included, as the researcher is also a virtualler and insider of virtualling. Four key case studies are presented to provide a holistic picture of virtualling and virtuallers. Thematic results indicate key influencing factors that originate from virtualling, as well as factors and mindset requirements that pertain to the virtualler personally. It was further found and proposed that the resulting virtual environment changes virtuallers’ ways of doing things and viewing the world, hence results in changes in their lifestyle and career identity. The abstract psychological structure as it resulted from the thread of meanings was presented as virtualness. Authentic psychological identification with virtualling and adopting a boundarylessness employability mindset oriented towards psychological success are highlighted as key requirements in order to experience virtualness. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.Comm. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

The study focused on the role of the local community in the management of wetland. The study was triggered by the lack of participation of the local community in the management of the wetland. It is important to note that wetlands perform a number of ecosystem services, some of which are well recognised, others less so, and are internationally recognised as being one of the most important ecosystems for the conservation of biodiversity. South Africa is a signatory to the international obligations, which makes it a legal responsibility to make sure that wetlands are managed appropriately. It is therefore important for these natural resources to be managed appropriately. Information for generating data was obtained through the assessment of the wetland health and from the investigation of the management of the local community. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, qualitative method was used to gather the necessary data. The findings indicate that the current state of the wetland is severely modified, which means large loss of natural habitat, biota and basic ecosystem functions has occurred. The results also indicate that the community is ill-equipped to manage the resource appropriately. The findings therefore imply that immediate management interventions must be developed to improve the health of the wetland. In improving the state of the wetland, the study recommends, amongst others, that mitigation measures aimed at improving the wetland health and participation of wetland users be promoted. An establishment of a community-driven and multi-stakeholder intervention mechanism to help the community manage and utilise the wetland properly is also recommended. The study concludes by indicating that the community must comply with the environmental legislation and takes a lead in the management of the wetland, for the aim of restoring the functionality and integrity of the wetland. / Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Management)

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are considered facilitators of knowledge management processes in organizations. This study investigated ICTs for knowledge management processes at the State Department of Infrastructure in Kenya. The study’s objectives were to: establish the level of knowledge management awareness, find out knowledge management processes, identify types of ICTs used for knowledge management processes, and identify challenges experienced by State Department of Infrastructure in the use of ICTs for knowledge management processes. The study findings were determined after applying a qualitative research approach and a case study research design. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 21 participants who were heads of sections at the State Department of Infrastructure in Kenya. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, analyzed and interpreted thematically according to the objectives of the study. Findings of the study revealed that most participants were aware of the meanings of the concepts of knowledge and knowledge management, types of knowledge and importance of knowledge management in the department. Knowledge management processes in the State Department of Infrastructure entail knowledge creation, codification, retention, sharing and storage. ICTs mostly used for knowledge management processes in the department include: emails, mobile phones, desktop computers, computer servers, and flash disks. The department is faced with the challenges of lack of knowledge management strategies, policies and adequate staff awareness on the use of ICTs for knowledge management processes. In conclusion, the State Department of Infrastructure has a functional ICT infrastructure. However, the department is not using ICTs provided by this study’s Web 2.0 driven SECI model for knowledge management processes such as blogs, wikis, LinkedIn, Facebook, and Twitter. The study therefore proposes that the State Department of Infrastructure should increase its use of Web 2.0 technologies, collaborative content systems and e-learning technologies. The department should also digitize its records; automate its library services; set up intranet, and adopt a centralized knowledge-based system. Further, Public Service Commission of Kenya should formulate a knowledge management strategy and policy to guide on the use of ICTs for knowledge management processes. This strategy and policy can then be cascaded to public sector organizations such as the State Department of Infrastructure. / Information Science / M.A. (Information Science)

The private security industry is tasked with protecting lives and property against an evolving array of personal and property threats. Rendering such services comes with many market related challenges for private security providers. These services are rendered to various types of clients like government departments, hospitals, universities and shopping malls amongst others. These clients have unique and different needs and expectations, therefore shopping malls as clients of the private security industry were selected for the purpose of this research. The qualitative research approach was used for this study wherein a questionnaire was used to obtain information from private security and shopping mall personnel working in shopping malls in Gauteng. The findings of this study reveals that there are indeed client retention challenges that are facing private security companies providing services to shopping malls. Based on the findings, recommendations for the private security providers and further research in shopping mall security management are made. / Security Risk Management / M.Tech. (Security Management)