Globaliseringen är ett ämne som möter oss varje dag även om vi tänker på det eller inte. Vi använder utländska produkter och kanske även använder olika metoder att genomföra saker på som har sitt ursprung i en annan världsdel. Företag arbetar på daglig basis med projekt och IT-projekt över hela jorden. Vår studie syftar till att undersöka hur kulturella och kontextuella faktorer påverkar internationella företag när nya projekt och IT-projekt initieras i andra länder. Till hjälp använder vi oss bland annat av Hofstedes kulturdimensionsteorier som beskriver hur olika länder skiljer sig åt gällande kultur i fem olika dimensioner. Vi använder oss även av konvergensteorier, divergensteorier samt teorier kring translation som behandlar hur modeller och teknologi kan appliceras i nya kontexter. Konvergensteorier menar att modeller är universella samt att företag och länder är homogena varför det går att direkt översätta modeller utan att de behöver anpassas. Divergensteorier menar att heterogenitet existerar och att modeller således behöver anpassas till kontext. Translation är en blandning av divergens och konvergens. Vi har avgränsat oss till att enbart undersöka projektarbeten och kommer därför att definiera vad temporära organisationer är och vad de innebär samt att vi kommer reda ut projektstyrning. Detta har skett genom en hermeneutiskt kvalitativ studie där vi använt en abduktiv ansats. Empiri har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer som sedan tematiserats för analys. Studiens resultat visar att projektstyrningsmodellers överföring och implementering och dess användande påverkas av branschspecifika faktorer, nationell kultur samt organisationskultur. Studien har visat att det i implementeringsfasen krävs en medveten översättning som resulterar i en form av anpassning med hänsyn till i synnerhet organisationskultur, som påvisar och styrker en divergent heterogenereringsprocess. Vid en internationell överföring eller brukande av en projektstyrningsmodell i ett internationellt sammanhang måste även olika kulturella aspekter beaktas.

The purpose of this study is to examine the perspectives of selected high school administrators and schoolteachers regarding the extent to which schoolteachers should be involved in making educational decisions in light of the recent educational reform initiatives in the State of Qatar. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through a survey questionnaire and semi-structured interviews that centered on schools’ developmental and implemental decisions related to educational goals and policies, curriculum and instruction, schools’ administrative policies for teachers, and for students. Participants included 182 school administrators and 480 schoolteachers who completed the 40-item questionnaire while five school administrators and five schoolteachers participated in the interviews. Findings demonstrate that school administrators were more enthusiastic than schoolteachers about schoolteachers’ involvement in making decisions related to school’s educational goals and policies. School administrators and schoolteachers recorded some similar responses regarding schoolteachers’ involvement in decision-making in the area of curriculum and administrative policies for students but there were differences between schoolteachers and administrators in several areas related to administrative policies for teachers. Findings also indicate differences between the perspectives of male and female school administrators, male and female schoolteachers, and the citizen and expatriate schoolteachers. A number of recommendations are made that highlight the importance of considering schoolteachers’ involvement in any educational reform attempting to improve the decision-making process and the educational system.

This thesis deals with the Change Management issue and its use in Plzeňský Prazdroj, a. s. The paper briefly summarizes the basics of Change Management and it also describes types of changes , change process and some of Change Management models, of which the greatest attention is paid to the Kotter's eight step method. The aim of this work is to analyze the functioning of Change Management in Plzeňský Prazdroj from the perspective of the use of the mentioned Kotter's method and the communication of changes to employees. This objective was fulfilled through a questionnaire survey among employees affected by the change and through semi-structured interviews with project team members. The questionnaire and interviews questioned Change Management of two large projects implemented during past years in this company. The answers obtained from the questionnaires and interviews complemented each other . I found that the most neglected part of the change processes of these projects was post--implementation phase, which includes the change integration and anchoring. In the end of the practical part is the summary of key learnings and my suggestions for improvement.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Nowadays, retailers in the trade industry are focused on meeting customers’ needs, as their priority is to make as many sales per day as possible. Stockouts lead to unattended sales, which mean loss of income. This endangers the place of the MSBs in the industry. This paper aims to prove that proposing a supply management model will reduce the number of lost sales due to stockouts. For this study, we analyzed three key processes (purchasing, storage and distribution), where we identified problems such as incomplete shipments and unfulfilled POs and replacement requests. To prove the viability of our proposal, a pilot was carried out in a pharmacy that has five dispensing premises and a central warehouse, which improved its stock availability from 82% to 89.5%.

<p> In this thesis, we focus on the rationing polices for the hotel room inventory control problems. Our study begins with a brief overview of revenue management in hotel industry, emphasizing the importance of room inventory control in revenue management problems. Mathematical models for controlling the room inventory in the literature are then reviewed along with recently developed game theoretic applications in revenue management. In game theoretic context, we establish three types of models to solve the hotel room inventory control problem in three different situations: 1) two-player two-fare-class static single-period game with complete information; 2) two-player two-fare-class dynamic multiple-period game with complete information; and 3) two-player two-fare-class single-period game with incomplete information.</p> <p> In the first situation, we find the existence of unique Nash equilibrium and Stackelberg equilibrium in the non-cooperative case. We provide the exact forms for these equilibria and corresponding conditions. Next, under the dynamic game settings, we provide the sufficient conditions for the unique Nash equilibrium. In the last situation, we consider the static single-period games with incomplete information and discuss the optimal strategies for the uninformed case, secret information case, private information case and public information case. The unique Bayesian Nash equilibrium in each case is found. We then analyze the values of different types of information and study their relations in different situations. Under each game theoretic setting, we present the managerial implications of our solutions along with the numerical examples. The thesis is concluded by a discussion of how game theory can is useful in hotel industry, and its relationship to other topics in revenue management.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Yes / The reliability of delivering packets through multi-hop intermediate nodes is a significant issue in the mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The distributed mobile nodes establish connections to form the MANET, which may include selfish and misbehaving nodes. Recommendation based trust management has been proposed in the literature as a mechanism to filter out the misbehaving nodes while searching for a packet delivery route. However, building a trust model that relies on the recommendations from other nodes in the network is vulnerable to the possible dishonest behaviour, such as bad-mouthing, ballot-stuffing, and collusion, of the recommending nodes. . This paper investigates the problems of attacks posed by misbehaving nodes while propagating recommendations in the existing trust models. We propose a recommendation based trust model with a defence scheme that utilises clustering technique to dynamically filter attacks related to dishonest recommendations within certain time based on number of interactions, compatibility of information and node closeness. The model is empirically tested in several mobile and disconnected topologies in which nodes experience changes in their neighbourhoods and consequently face frequent route changes. The empirical analysis demonstrates robustness and accuracy of the trust model in a dynamic MANET environment.

The purpose of this study is to provide recommendations to further develop and improvements of models which can be applied to IT governance models for system maintenance. The work investigates gaps in the implementation and using phase of the model pm3 and also models which are inspired in pm3. The aim of the present paper is to answer the research questions which are related to (1) which critical success factors that have an impact on the governance of system maintenance management and also for the model pm3 and (2) how maintenance management models can further be developed and improved. This qualitative study is a case study in which a questionnaire and interview in two steps have been completed. The sample of respondents have been made with a specific purpose that reflects the selected qualities and relevance of the study and also with a geographical distribution. The study resulted in a number of critical success factors for the model pm3 where some of these can be considered as general for all maintenance management models. The results shows the need of a maintenance management model that is designed for the agile working method and suitable for all types and sizes of organisations. It is an area where maintenance management models and pm3  need to develop within. / Syftet med denna studie är att kunna ge rekommendationer till utveckling och förbättringar av modeller som kan tillämpas vid IT-styrning av modeller för systemförvaltning. Arbetet undersöker brister i införandet och användandet av modellen pm3 samt modeller som är inspirerade av pm3. Studiens mål är att besvara frågeställningarna som behandlar (1) vilka kritiska framgångsfaktorer som har en påverkan för styrning av systemförvaltning samt för modellen pm3 och (2) hur förvaltningsstyrningsmodeller och pm3 kan utvecklas och förbättras. Den kvalitativa studien är en fallstudie där en enkätundersökning och två olika intervjusteg har utförts. Urvalet av respondenter har gjorts med ett specifikt syfte som speglar de utvaldas kvaliteter och relevans för studien samt med en geografisk spridning. Studien resulterade i en mängd kritiska framgångsfaktorer för modellen pm3 där en del av dessa kan anses som generella för alla förvaltningsstyrningsmodeller. Resultatet påvisar även behovet av en förvaltningsstyrningsmodell som är anpassad för det agila arbetssättet samt behovet av en modell anpassad för olika storlekar av organisationer. Vilket är ett område som förvaltningsstyrningsmodeller och pm3 bör utvecklas inom.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-23T12:43:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA COELHO.pdf: 2454558 bytes, checksum: 931b209f3bef0a08a5073f7634961afa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-18 / Technological innovation has strengthened as an important factor to ensure economic and social development of the country. However, there are other ways to create a new economic development model, focused on the social factor, that is sustainable and humane. The Brazilian Innovation Law, encourages the creation of innovation environment in Institutions of Science and Technology - ICT, though it is necessary to adapt this environment for law enforcement. Innovation management is a dynamic process that seeks to bring together mechanisms, instruments and organizational methods that can leverage the innovation capacity of organizations. The organizational environment in ICTs as an important dimension in this process. The model of innovation management consists of organizational tools in order to support, promote and disseminate the generation of academic projects and help the decision maker in the process of generating innovations. Thus, the work agenda in the following general objective: Identify dimensions of innovation management models that are appropriate to share with ICT for social and technological innovations, highlighting also specific objectives: to analyze the actions of innovations developed in UFAM; describe the process of innovation management in UFAM and characterize dimensions that could be part of the management model of innovation in UFAM. This study discusses topics related to the central theme of innovation and its derivations, innovation management, innovation management models, but also discusses the dimensions of the models of innovation management. The approach used in this dissertation was a case study, an analysis of an inductive approach to the problem, focusing on applied research. About the objectives, the research was bibliographical and documentary, based on the research literature and documents. It concludes with an analysis and evaluation of the actions of innovation developed in UFAM to deploy mechanisms for public recognition of producing positive solutions for society. Therefore we identified the appropriate dimensions to ICT and from them, we built a model of innovation management needs of UFAM, considering the technological and social relevance. / A inovação tecnológica tem se fortalecido como importante fator para garantir desenvolvimento econômico e social do país. Todavia, existe outras formas de criar um novo modelo de desenvolvimento econômico, voltado para o fator social, humano e que seja sustentável. A Lei de Inovação Brasileira, incentiva a criação de modificações nas Instituições de Ciência e Tecnologia ICT, contudo é necessário adequar esse ambiente para a aplicação da lei. A gestão da inovação é um processo dinâmico que busca reunir mecanismos, instrumentos e métodos organizacionais, que possam alavancar a capacidade de inovar das organizações. O ambiente organizacional nas ICTs se constitui como importante dimensão nesse processo. O modelo de gestão da inovação é constituido de ferramentas organizacionais no intuito de apoiar, promover e disseminar a geração de projetos acadêmicos e que auxiliam o tomador de decisão no processo de geração de inovações. Dessa forma, o trabalho se pauta no seguinte objetivo geral: Identificar dimensões de modelos de gestão da inovação que sejam apropriados à ICT com ações para as inovações tecnológicas e sociais, destacando, ainda, os objetivos específicos: analisar as ações de inovações desenvolvidas na UFAM; descrever o processo de gestão da inovação na UFAM e caracterizar as dimensões que poderão fazer parte do modelo de gestão da inovação na UFAM. Esse estudo aborda tópicos relacionados à temática central inovação e suas derivações, gestão da inovação, modelos de gestão da inovação, como também discute as dimensões dos modelos de gestão da inovação. O procedimento metodológico utilizado, nesta dissertação, foi o estudo de caso, numa análise de forma indutiva para abordagem do problema, com enfoque de pesquisa aplicada. Quanto aos objetivos, a pesquisa foi bibliográfica e documental, embasada na pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Conclui-se com uma análise e avaliação das ações de inovação desenvolvidas na UFAM para implantar mecanismos para o reconhecimento público como produtora de soluções positivas para sociedade. Ademais, caracterizou-se às dimensões apropriadas à ICT e a partir delas, construiu-se um modelo de gestão da inovação às necessidades da UFAM, considerando as relevâncias tecnológicas e sociais.

<p>U radu se istražuje kako i u kojoj meri neke dimenzije organizacione kolaborativne klime utiču na različite aktivnosti upravljanja znanjem, odnosno cilj je da se definišu dimenzije organizacione klime koje se pokazuju kao adekvatni prediktori objašnjenja upravljanja znanjem. Predložen je model razvoja organizacione klime zasnovan na upravljanju znanjem. Dodatno, identifikovano je stanje menadžmenta znanja u organizacijama na području Južnobačkog okruga.</p> / <p>The dissertation explores how and to what extent the dimensions of the<br />organizational collaborative climate influences different knowledge<br />management activities, apropos the goal is to define the dimensions of the<br />organizational climate that are shown as adequate predictors of the<br />knowledge management explanation. The model of organizational climate<br />development based on knowledge management was proposed. In addition,<br />the state of knowledge management in organizations in the South Backa<br />District has been identified.</p>