In this paper, I study how a new law (the Convention on the Rights of the Child) is implemented in Lomma municipality. I investigate how the new law has been implemented in the municipality and how my informants experience their room of maneuver to carry out the changes required to implement the law in their business. Methodological tools used are interviews with four informants. The analysis is guided by Lundquist's theory of implementation as well as Lipsky's theory of room of maneuver.  The study results in that the implementation of the law has mainly taken place through the appointment of a working group with responsibility for the implementation. After that nothing more significant has happened in the implementation process. The informants have a room for maneuver, but are strongly influenced by management and the policy framework. Therefore, it will be difficult for the informants to fully implement the law in the business. It is not possible to draw generalizing conclusions based on the results because it is a specific case that is being analyzed, but similar studies with other municipalities in focus are examples of future research areas.

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<p>Manöverkrigföring är ett vedertaget begrepp inom militär teori. Jag har i denna uppsats valt att analysera och jämföra två operationer som baseras på manöverkrigföring.</p><p>Vid Tysklands invasion av Frankrike 1940, Fall Gelb, utgjorde manöverteorin grunden för operationen. Detta var första gången som manöverkrigföring utnyttjades i stor skala för att slå en jämbördig motståndare.</p><p> I den USA-ledda FN-koalitionens invasion av Irak 1991, Desert Storm, var manöverkrigföring ännu en gång den operativa huvudteorin i planerna för operationen.</p><p>Den här uppsatsen är en komparativ fallstudie baserad på kvalitativ textanalys. Båda operationerna beskrivs för att sedan jämföras varvid skillnader och likheter belyses.</p><p>Resultatet visar att såväl Fall Gelb som Desert Storm genomfördes som operationer baserade på teorin om manöverkrigföring, men att stora skillnader finns mellan dessa operationer. Orsaken till skillnaderna belyses till del och vissa teorier om vad dessa beror på presenteras.</p> / <p>Maneuver warfare is a widely accepted term used in military theory. I have in this essay chosen to analyse and compare two operations that were based on maneuver warfare.</p><p>In Germany’s invasion of France in 1940, Fall Gelb, maneuver theory was used as a base for the operation. It was the first time maneuver warfare was used in large scale to defeat an equal opponent.</p><p>In the US led UN-coalitions invasion of Iraq in 1991, Desert Storm, maneuver warfare was once again the cornerstone in the planning of the operation.</p><p> This essay is a comparative study based on qualitative text-analysis. Both operations are first described and then compared to one and other, and differences and similarities are shown.</p><p>The results show that both Fall Gelb and Desert Storm were fought based on the theory of maneuver warfare, but that large differences exist between the two operations. The reasons for these differences are not shown in detail, but some theories are presented.</p>

<p>Denna uppsats har skrivits som en del av de studier i krigsvetenskap jag erhållit under min tid vid yrkesofficersprogrammet.</p><p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva sambandet mellan de grundläggande förmågorna ledning och rörlighet samt begreppet<em> </em>högt stridstempo<em> </em>vid förband av lättare karaktär.</p><p>Den metod som använts i uppsatsen är en fallstudie som bygger på en kvalitativ textanalys. Genom en granskning av två valda operationer genomförs en analys efter varje skede. Den teknik som använts för insamling är litteratursökning. En frågeställning har behandlats: Hur såg sambandet ut mellan högt stridstempo och de grundläggande förmågorna ledning och rörlighet vid Operation Market Garden samt Operation Merkurius?</p><p>Utifrån mina gjorda fallstudier visar resultatet på att i manöverkrigföring är begreppet högt stridstempo av stor vikt för att lyckas med striden. Min slutsats efter att ha studerat och analyserat händelseförloppet är att förmågorna ledning och rörlighet är ömsesidigt beroende av varandra och är en förutsättning för ett högt stridstempo.</p> / <p>This paper is written as part of the War Science course I received during my time at the Military Academy.</p><p>The purpose of the paper is to study the relationship between the concept of high operational tempo and the basic skills command and mobility at units of lighter character.</p><p>The method used in this paper is a case study based on qualitative text analysis. Using two operations, an analysis was carried out after each stage. The technique used is literature search. The issue addressed was: What was the relationship between high operational tempo and the skills command and mobility in Operation Market Garden and Operation Mercury?</p><p>My case studies show the performance of manoeuvre warfare that the concept of high operational tempo is of great importance for success in battle. My conclusion is that the basic skills command and mobility is mutually dependent of each other and also a prerequisite for a high operational tempo.</p>

Denna uppsats har skrivits som en del av de studier i krigsvetenskap jag erhållit under min tid vid yrkesofficersprogrammet. Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva sambandet mellan de grundläggande förmågorna ledning och rörlighet samt begreppet högt stridstempo vid förband av lättare karaktär. Den metod som använts i uppsatsen är en fallstudie som bygger på en kvalitativ textanalys. Genom en granskning av två valda operationer genomförs en analys efter varje skede. Den teknik som använts för insamling är litteratursökning. En frågeställning har behandlats: Hur såg sambandet ut mellan högt stridstempo och de grundläggande förmågorna ledning och rörlighet vid Operation Market Garden samt Operation Merkurius? Utifrån mina gjorda fallstudier visar resultatet på att i manöverkrigföring är begreppet högt stridstempo av stor vikt för att lyckas med striden. Min slutsats efter att ha studerat och analyserat händelseförloppet är att förmågorna ledning och rörlighet är ömsesidigt beroende av varandra och är en förutsättning för ett högt stridstempo. / This paper is written as part of the War Science course I received during my time at the Military Academy. The purpose of the paper is to study the relationship between the concept of high operational tempo and the basic skills command and mobility at units of lighter character. The method used in this paper is a case study based on qualitative text analysis. Using two operations, an analysis was carried out after each stage. The technique used is literature search. The issue addressed was: What was the relationship between high operational tempo and the skills command and mobility in Operation Market Garden and Operation Mercury? My case studies show the performance of manoeuvre warfare that the concept of high operational tempo is of great importance for success in battle. My conclusion is that the basic skills command and mobility is mutually dependent of each other and also a prerequisite for a high operational tempo.

Manöverkrigföring är ett vedertaget begrepp inom militär teori. Jag har i denna uppsats valt att analysera och jämföra två operationer som baseras på manöverkrigföring. Vid Tysklands invasion av Frankrike 1940, Fall Gelb, utgjorde manöverteorin grunden för operationen. Detta var första gången som manöverkrigföring utnyttjades i stor skala för att slå en jämbördig motståndare.  I den USA-ledda FN-koalitionens invasion av Irak 1991, Desert Storm, var manöverkrigföring ännu en gång den operativa huvudteorin i planerna för operationen. Den här uppsatsen är en komparativ fallstudie baserad på kvalitativ textanalys. Båda operationerna beskrivs för att sedan jämföras varvid skillnader och likheter belyses. Resultatet visar att såväl Fall Gelb som Desert Storm genomfördes som operationer baserade på teorin om manöverkrigföring, men att stora skillnader finns mellan dessa operationer. Orsaken till skillnaderna belyses till del och vissa teorier om vad dessa beror på presenteras. / Maneuver warfare is a widely accepted term used in military theory. I have in this essay chosen to analyse and compare two operations that were based on maneuver warfare. In Germany’s invasion of France in 1940, Fall Gelb, maneuver theory was used as a base for the operation. It was the first time maneuver warfare was used in large scale to defeat an equal opponent. In the US led UN-coalitions invasion of Iraq in 1991, Desert Storm, maneuver warfare was once again the cornerstone in the planning of the operation.  This essay is a comparative study based on qualitative text-analysis. Both operations are first described and then compared to one and other, and differences and similarities are shown. The results show that both Fall Gelb and Desert Storm were fought based on the theory of maneuver warfare, but that large differences exist between the two operations. The reasons for these differences are not shown in detail, but some theories are presented.

Regime recognition is an important tool used in creation of usage spectra and fatigue loads analysis. While a variety of regime recognition algorithms have been developed and deployed to date, verification and validation (V&V) of such algorithms is still a labor intensive process that is largely subjective. The current V&V process for regime recognition codes involves a comparison of scripted flight test data to regime recognition algorithm outputs. This is problematic because scripted flight test data is expensive to obtain, may not accurately match the maneuver script, and is often used to train the regime recognition algorithms and thus is not appropriate for V&V purposes. In this paper, a simulation-based virtual pilot algorithm is proposed as an alternative to physical testing for generating V&V flight test data. A “virtual pilot” is an algorithm that replicates a human’s piloting and guidance role in simulation by translating high level maneuver instructions into parameterized control laws. Each maneuver regime is associated with a feedback control law, and a control architecture is defined which provides for seamless transitions between maneuvers and allows for execution of an arbitrary maneuver script in simulation. The proposed algorithm does not require training data, iterative learning, or optimization, but rather utilizes a tuned model and feedback control laws defined for each maneuver. As a result, synthetic HUMS data may be generated and used in a highly automated regime recognition V&V process. In this thesis, the virtual pilot algorithm is formulated and the component feedback control laws and maneuver transition schemes are defined. Example synthetic HUMS data is generated using a simulation model of the SH-60B, and virtual pilot fidelity is demonstrated through both conformance to the ADS-33 standards for selected Mission Task Elements and comparison to actual HUMS data.

Formation of atelectasis, defined as reversible collapse of aerated lung, often occurs after induction of anaesthesia with mechanical ventilation. As a consequence, there is a risk for hypoxemia, altered hemodynamics and impaired respiratory system mechanics. In certain situations, the risk for atelectasis formation is increased and its consequences may also be more difficult to manage. Anesthesia for bariatric surgery in morbidly obese patients and surgery requiring one-lung ventilation (OLV) with capnothorax are examples of such situations. In Paper I (30 patients with BMI &gt; 40 kg/m2 scheduled for bariatric surgery) a recruit­ment maneuver followed by positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) re­duced the amount of atelectasis and improved oxygenation for a prolonged period of time. PEEP or a recruitment maneuver alone did not reduce the amount of atelectasis. In paper II we investigated whether it is possible to predict respiratory function impairment in morbidly obese patients without pulmonary disease from a preoperative lung function test. Patients with mild signs of airway obstruction (reduced end-expiratory flow) in the preoperative spirometry developed less atelectasis during anaesthesia. In paper III we developed an experimental model of sequential OLV with capnothorax using electrical impedance tomography (EIT) that in real-time detected lung separation and dynamic changes in pulmonary ventilation and perfusion distributions. OLV to the left side caused a decrease in cardiac output, arterial oxygenation and mixed venous saturation. In paper IV we used our model of OLV with capnothorax and applied a CO2-insufflation pressure of 16 cm H2O. We demonstrated that a PEEP level of 12-16 cm H2O is needed for optimal oxygenation and lowest possible driving pressure without compromising hemodynamic variables. Thus, the optimal PEEP was closely related to the level of the capnothorax insufflation pressure. With insufficient PEEP, ventilation/perfusion mismatch in the ventilated lung and redistribution of blood flow to the non-ventilated lung occurred.

Formation movement is vital to preserve security among its units during military operations. We plan movement of a military formation over real, or simulated terrain, maximally preserving the relative positions of units in formation while it avoids barriers, and while its units avoid obstacles. Terrain is divided into homogeneous cells (say, squares), and a pair of neighboring cells is adjacent if the formation can transit between these cells while avoiding barriers with sufficient clearance. We induce a graph from these adjacencies, and determine the movement cost on each arc with a fine time-step simulation that finds local movement vectors to preserve relative formation position while avoiding approach too close to barriers or obstacles (this emulates solving differential equations with Euler's method). We then nominate an origin and a destination, select a shortest path, and repeat the time-step simulation over this path to determine the individual positions of each unit as the formation makes its transit. Game designers and robot controllers have published schemes to guide formation movement, but their movements can penetrate barriers, and myopically get caught in cul-de-sacs. By contrast, we guarantee that if a path exists that avoids these pitfalls, we will find it.

Turbocharging is used as a means to downsize petrol engines, thereby, producing more power for a lower engine size, when compared with a naturally aspirated engine. Due to the presence of a throttle valve in the intake system in petrol engines, flow is restricted at the outlet pipe of the compressor during low load engine operation. For example, during transient tip out tip in maneuvers. Hence, there is a chance of the turbocharger operating in near surge or surge conditions and, thus, generating surge noise. This Thesis describes an experimental and simulation method to predict and measure the turbocharger surge noise. Initially, experimental transient tip-in and tip-out maneuver was performed on a non turbocharged car with a petrol engine. The measured noise level in the intake manifold, at a low frequency of up to 1200 Hz, was analysed and was shown not to represent surge noise. Next, a one dimensional simulation method was applied to simulate the noise of the engine and this demonstrated an increase in the acoustic pressure level in the intake manifold during the tip in and tip out maneuver. However, a surge noise pattern was not observed in the analysis of acoustic pressure signals in the intake system using Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT). The simulation procedure was also used to inform the design of an experimental rig to recreate the surge noise under laboratory conditions. An experimental turbocharger noise rig, designed and built for this purpose, is explained in the Thesis. Important component parts likely to be involved in the surge noise generation such as the intake system, compressor, throttle body, compressor recirculation valve and measurement and control systems were integrated into the test rig. Background noise contributions from the electric motor, AC mains, supercharger pulley, throttle body, inverter fan, throttle body gearing and structural vibration of the supporting structure were identified from the analysed frequency components of the signals from surface microphone measurements taken at the intake system. This helped to clearly identify the surge noise frequency components (3250 Hz) in the STFT analysis. The fundamental mechanism of noise generation was identified using an analysis of the experimental results and a frequency calculation for vortex shedding and the radial acoustic resonances. One of the main conclusions of the Thesis is that the compressor recirculation valve (CRV) open or close position, the CRV delay time and the throttle position are major contributing factors to the cause of the surge noise. Another major conclusion is that the radial acoustic resonance may be a mechanism of surge noise generation. Finally, a passive solution to reduce the surge noise is proposed. A pipe with cross ribs is designed as a passive solution using the radial acoustic resonance calculation and the corresponding nodal patterns. This solution demonstrated a measured intake system noise reduction of up to 10dB under compressor surge conditions.