Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura Hispánica mención Lingüística

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Historia / Seminario de grado: Procesos políticos y postmemorias autoritarias. Chile en la segunda mitad del siglo XX

In August 2019 the indigenous social movement Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN), decided to deepen their autonomy project and thereby to intensify their conflict with the Mexican state. The group that emerged in 1994 has for almost three decades been in conflict with the Mexican government. In the last decade, the conflict has been on hold until the group announced their expansion with 11 new autonomous zones in the south of the county. This thesis puts that decision in a political opportunity structure framework; what aspects of the framework can explain the unexpected decision by the movement? A qualitative text analysis of EZLN communique's finds that the movement took advantages of several political opportunities. Most significantly, the construction of the Mayan Train constituted reasons for adopting a confrontational strategy towards the government. Changes in the level of repression towards the movement have facilitated the confrontative decision made by the movement. When controlling for two alternative explanation theories, this study establishes the political opportunity structure as having a stronger explanation factor. This thesis aims to contribute to the literature on political opportunity framework and to revitalize the interest in the EZLN.

Responding to and provoked by an America colored by stark political division, tense racial conflict, and the powerful urban narrative of hip hop culture, Hamilton: An American Musical, created by composer/lyricist Lin-Manuel Miranda, became the subject of a cultural focus unprecedented in the reception history of an American work of art. Hamilton premièred at a critical time during the Obama presidency, and it squarely confronts the issues lying at the heart of our democracy. Hamilton caught the attention of millions of Americans with little prior interest in Broadway musicals, hip hop, or the performing arts in general, and it stimulated important and timely conversations about race, representation, and American identity. Hamilton asks pressing questions: Who speaks for America? How does the character and biographical narrative of this founding father suggest a new, updated conversation about American history? How do the political sensitivities of audiences determine the commercial and artistic success of a stage work? How does the rap genre operate in conveying Hamilton’s historical content in dramatic terms? How do representations of minorities in popular culture affect the wider perception of the sociopolitical order? To what degree is it possible for the historically-rooted genre of musical theater – often viewed as benign musical pablum for middle-class whites – to advance a public conversation about race and representation in the twenty-first-century? This dissertation first considers these questions through the historical lens of racial depiction in American musical theater, situating Hamilton within a lineage of commercially successful musicals that have used the Broadway stage subversively as a place to challenge the social and racial order. It documents Hamilton’s genesis and the collaborative process of adapting Ron Chernow’s acclaimed biography, then examines Hamilton’s music, its relationship to text and musico-historical resonances, and constructs a theory of Lin-Manuel Miranda’s hip hop-infused compositional style. Finally, it examines Hamilton’s reception, contemporary political dimensions, and essential ties to the administrations of Barack Obama and Donald Trump, exploring what are often contentious criticisms of the work within the academic and online worlds.

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La enseñanza de las humanidades en las instituciones educativas permite la valoración y la difusión de la literatura. De esta forma los alumnos aprenden el dominio del idioma, interpretan, emiten juicios críticos y desarrollan una apreciación estética del lenguaje literario. La presente investigación corresponde a la naturaleza cualitativa. El plan de recolección se ha realizado utilizando el análisis documental. Para el procesamiento de recolección de datos se aplicaron fichas bibliográficas. El objetivo general es identificar los elementos temáticos y los recursos estilísticos en el libro Baladas peruanas de Manuel González Prada.

La novela El beso de la mujer araña de Manuel Puig trata sobre dos presos que comparten la misma celda en una cárcel bonaerense durante la dictadura militar argentina. El texto se presenta en su mayor parte como un diálogo entre Molina, un homosexual de edad media, y Valentín, un joven militante de la izquierda. En el presente estudio se emplea el paradigma mimético de René Girard para analizar el deseo amoroso del personaje Valentín. A través de la utilización de la hermenéutica como método de interpretación del texto, nuestra tesina sostiene que el deseo de Valentín refleja su necesidad de trascendencia, que finalmente alcanza al término de la obra.

This study seeks to analyze the circular nature of violence and its relation to hope and rebellion in two of Manuel Zapata Olivella's earliest and most important novels: La Calle 10 and Chambacú, corral de negros. These works explore the themes of institutional violence and racial and cultural marginalization within the context of early twentieth century Colombian society. They also present the themes of hope and rebellion in varying ways. By presenting the topic of violence I explore important similarities and differences between the protagonists of the novels and demonstrate how the novels are interconnected thematically and historically.