Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le domaine de la diagnostic, en particulier de Manufacturing Execution System (MES) . Elle apporte sa contribution au diagnostic de système en présence de défaillances potentielles suit à une variation du TRS, un indicateur de performance qui donne une image de l’état de fonctionnement d’un système de production (équipement, ligne, atelier, usine) à travers l’estimation des pertes selon trois origines : disponibilité, performance, qualité. L’objectif est de fournir le maximum d’informations sur les origines d’une variation du TRS afin de permettre à l'exploitant de prendre la bonne décision. Aussi, sur la base d'un tel modèle, nous proposons une méthodologie de déploiement pour intégrer une fonction de diagnostic aux solutions MES existantes dans un contexte industriel. / This Phd thesis takes place in the diagnostic field, especially in contexte of Manufacturing Execution System (MES). It contributes to the diagnostic system in the presence of potential failures following a triggering signal OEE drift, an indicator performance that gives a picture of the production system state (equipment, production line, site, and enterprise) by estimating downtime from 3 major origins: availability, performance, and quality. Our objective is to provide maximum information of the origins of an OEE variation and to support making the best decision for four categories users of OEE (operator, leader team, supervisor, direction). Also, basis on that model, the purpose will provides a deployment methodology to integrate with MES solution in an industrial context.

O Sistema de Execução da Manufatura (MES Manufacturing Execution System) é uma ferramenta aplicada no chão-de-fábrica que permite visualizar e monitorar processos em tempo real, fornecendo informações que levam a uma melhor eficiência operacional. Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa exploratória, realizada em uma empresa de usinagem e montagem de médio porte, tendo o objetivo analisar a implantação do MES para auxiliar a tomada de decisão referente à gestão de equipamentos e recursos produtivos. O trabalho também compara dois sistemas de controle de produção: o MES com o sistema realizado de forma manual (planilhas eletrônicas) utilizado antes da implantação. As informações que serviram de base para a análise da implantação foram coletadas por meio de questionário de avaliação e validadas por um grupo de discussão. Entre os resultados alcançados, identificaram-se: i) as vantagens do MES em relação ao sistema manual, ii) a eficácia da implantação, iii) melhoria dos resultados operacionais, iv) pontos positivos e negativos da implantação e aplicação. / The MES (Manufacturing Execution System) is a tool used in shop-floor that allows you to view and monitor processes in real time, providing information that leads to better operational efficiency. This paper presents an exploratory research, conducted in a medium size company of machining and assembly, with objective to analyze the implementation of MES to assist in decision making concerning the management of equipment and production resources. The study also compares two systems of production control; the MES with the system carried out manual (spreadsheet) used prior to implementation. The information basis for the analysis of the implementation were collected through questionnaire evaluation, validated by a discussion group. Among the results, it was identified: i) the benefits of MES in the manual system, ii) the effectiveness of implementation, iii) improving operating results, iv) positive and negative effects of deployment and application.

Context. Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) are information systems that manage manufacturing processes in factories. The execution of MES processes requires non-enterprise integration, which integrates MES applications, services, and automation systems within the factories. Objectives. We aim at developing a modeling approach that can be used to represent and execute MES processes. Having such an approach would help MES vendors to reduce the development cost to reconfigure systems, in order to achieve better business flexibility. Methods. In order to understand the state of the art of manufacturing modeling techniques, we perform a systematic literature review (SLR) in scientific article sources, including IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, Compendex, Inspec, and Springer Link. In consideration of the criteria in modeling and executing MES processes, we evaluate the selected process modeling techniques. Based on the result of evaluation, we propose a three-view-based approach to support process execution. We develop a prototype to prove that an MES process can be executed by following our approach. We also conduct semi-structured interviews in industry to validate whether our proposed approach achieves the objectives. Results. In the SLR, 24 primary studies are selected. Our analysis reveals that existing modeling techniques have limitations to enable process execution. To overcome the limitation, we propose a three-view-based approach, which has an MES process view, an abstract plant view to represent the structure of technical systems, and a mapping view to enable the communication between MES tasks and the technical systems. We develop a prototype as the implementation of our approach, which comprises: a graphical editor for the abstract plant view, a generator of message routes for the mapping view, and a typical MES process to be executed in the context of a warehouse management system. The semi-structured interviews we conducted with three industrial experts show positive feedback to use and generalize our approach in industry, in case comprehensive tools can be established. Conclusions. Compared to the existing modeling techniques, the three-view-based approach is specifically tailored toward process execution. Based on the feedback from industry, we conclude that applying our approach provides the possibility to achieve better reconfigurability and flexibility of MES.

Gamification är en strategi som använder spelmekanismer och spelkomponenter för att skapa motivation och engagemang hos användare av olika typer av system. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka om gamification kan användas för att motivera användare av system för tillverkningsindustrin. Studien har genomförts med en initial litteraturstudie och kvalitativa intervjuer med experter inom gamification samt utveckling av system för tillverkningsindustrin. Intervjufrågor har därefter ställts mot tidigare genomförd forskning, för att identifiera möjliga resultat. Resultatet av denna studie visar att spelmekanismer och spelkomponenter skulle kunna användas i ett system för tillverkningsindustrin, förutsatt att det finns ett tydligt affärsmål, mätbar och användbar data samt identifierade drivkrafter hos organisationens maskinoperatörer. Vidare har ett antal punkter identifierats som kan vara motiverande för en användare av system för tillverkningsindustrin: Möjlighet för operatörerna att följa utvecklingen i sitt expertområde Kartläggning av operatörernas drivkrafter, vilken därefter används för att förbättra operatörernas arbetssituation, med exempelvis mer givande uppgifter Belöningar som utdelas är matchade mot operatörernas preferenser, med syfte att vara mer effektiva som motivationsskapare

The thesis deals with the development of mobile applications, current mobile operating systems and focuses on iOS programming. It also describes the main function of SAP ERP system, SAP ME system and their integration with SAP MII. It also mentions the way to communicate with SAP MII using web services. Finally, there is an analysis of mobile application requirements, implementation and testing. That application will collect and display KPI from work centers and, in the event of a decrease of any KPI, generate notifications for selected people.

På grund av ett stort förändringsarbete på SSAB i Oxelösund pågår delmålet att införa ett nytt produktionssystem Manufacturing Execution System (MES). Framtagandet och införandet av systemet är av yttersta vikt, för att undvika problem och eventuella fallgropar bör förarbetet och kravspecifikationen vara i fokus. Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats i informatik är att identifiera utmaningar och framgångsfaktorer för en lyckad kravspecifikation som kan ligga till grund för det fortsatta arbetet med MES-projektet hos SSAB. Kravspecifikationsarbetet som undersöks i rapporten föranleder fasen med integration och testning av det nya systemet. Integrationen kommer ske under första halvåret 2022 där företaget kommer undersöka hur de framgångsrikt ska kunna koppla samman de olika systemen. Integrationen kommer omfatta kring 25 system i 195 olika integrationer. God respons från fem intervjuer som genomförts med respondenter med olika roller inom organisationen, inte bara i direkt beslutstagande positioner har lett till en god insyn i kravspecifikationsarbetet. Respondenter med olika roller inom projektet belyser olika faktorer av värde och sin personliga syn på dessa. Ett par upptäckter i studien var dels den upplevda vikten av projektgruppens åtaganden utanför själva projektet, dels den upplevda och faktiska vikten av struktur i dokumentation av kraven.   Slutsatserna som dras i studien är:  Ett mer detaljerat förarbete bör göras i förstudiefasen i projektet för att ha större förberedelse inför projektets senare delar.    Planera att omfattande projekt tar längre tid än beräknat för att undgå stress och kompromisser. Bör finnas en kombination mellan engagemang och kompetens inom projektgruppen.

Manufacturing Execution System (MES) är ett informationssystem som används av producerande företag med syfte att förenkla styrning och hantering av produktionsprocessen. Låg datakvalitet kan förekomma var och när som helst i anslutning till ett informationssystem. Det kan innebära felaktiga, inkonsekventa och utdaterade data. Lågdatakvalitet kan generera följder i form av ökade kostnader, försämrad företagskultur och kundmissnöjdhet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur låg datakvalitet tenderar att uppstå i datahanteringsprocessen hos ett producerande företag som använder sig av ett MES. Studien har drivits genom frågeställningen: Hur uppstår låg datakvalitet under datahanteringsprocessen i anslutning till en produktionsprocess? Studien har genomförts som en kvalitativ studie hos ett producerande företag som är verksamt i Sverige. Datainsamling har gjorts genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med användare av företagets MES. Under dessa intervjuer ställdes frågor om företagets datahanteringsprocess, användarnas syn på datakvalitet, samt deras medvetenhet kring de eventuella följder som kan bli aktuella vid låg datakvalitet. Det empiriska materialet har sedan analyserats med hjälp av en processanalys och en tematisk analys. Studiens slutsats bestod av tre punkter som besvarar studiens frågeställning. Låg datakvalitet uppstår under datahanteringsprocessen genom att provtagning och datainmatning inte görs på ett gediget sätt, att det finns en generell kompetensbrist kring produktionsprocessen, samt att det finns begränsade förutsättningar i företagets MES.

The content of the diploma thesis is a description of the functions and features of the production control systems - MES (manufacturing execution systems), an analysis of these systems implemented in The Czech Republic, an elaboration of the system proposal of an intelligent production control system and retrieving new algorithms and functions according to which these systems can by formed. The MES systems analysis is performed by comparing implemented systems to the modules of production control systems conformably to MESA international. In the system suggestion there will be the intelligent component formed by automatic analysis of the effect of the order delay in production - automatic Gantt chart comparison of the plan versus reality. According to the adjusted system parameters it will separately make decisions about production scheduling. Searching new algorithms and functions will proceed in the reagions of artificial intelligence - genetic algorithms, holonic and multiagent systems, experts systems.

The concept of Operational decision making is not new, but in the context of Enterprise Resource Planning implementation as is the case at PFK Electronics (PTY) Ltd., it becomes part of what ERP process that makes organisations more competitive and profitable as Wallace and Kremzar (2001) comment, "Effective forecasting, planning, and scheduling is fundamental to productivity and ERP is a fundamental way to achieve it. Properly implementing ERP will give you a competitive advantage and help you run your business more effectively, efficiently and responsively." The Operational decision making process that forms part of the research question is a process known as Sales and Operational Planning process (SOP's). The research paper is looking at how Real Time Shop floor information can impact on the decision making process, as Wallace and Kremzar (2001 : 165) state that this is the most important element in making ERP systems work. The study looks at what information is required to make effective decisions in the SOP's process and how the respondents perceive information quality, its value and the impact on decision making in the SOP's process. The research sought to further investigate a diverse demographic population, the behavioural culture within the organisation and their perception on having this information in real time directly from the shop floor. Data was collected via a survey questionnaire and an interview process which also required the review of organisational documentation where available. The research aimed to investigate what information Operations (SOP's) need to make effective decisions to meet the organisational strategic objectives and to determine the best means of obtaining and communicating the information to managers. Developing this further the research was then broken down into three objectives: • To investigate 'what' information sales and operations managers need in order to make effective decisions that will have an impact on them meeting strategic performance objectives. • To evaluate 'how' real time shop floor information can improve the decision making process in Operations in meeting strategic objectives; by understanding the types and methods used in decision making and the significance of time on information. • To recommend suitable Information Communication Technology (ICT) systems to obtain and communicate information to managers effectively within operations. During this process time constraints were of a concern, which manifested in objective three not being able to be completed to the satisfaction of the researcher. However the research process, which included the survey and interviews of respondents, the researcher felt that respondents where honest and open in expressing their views which adds to the validity and reliability of the research. The results showed that there was a clear understanding of the topic amongst the respondents. It showed that the respondents had a good understanding of information and its importance in meeting strategic objectives by making better decisions. It became clear that ERP was generally working well but that timeliness of information was the biggest obstacle in meeting strategic objectives in balancing supply and demand. The research identified the information necessary for the SOP's process to be effective and it also showed the impact of having real time shop floor information available to the decision making process. It also showed that there would be other benefits as performance could also be improved by having real time performance indicators that are used to set the pace and common goal. The report also identified some cultural differences between PFK electronics culture and NUMSA unionised employees culture and the impact it has on relationships and communication. The report concludes with the research question being answered and with a recommendation that the single most important means of improving operational effectiveness is going to be to improve the quality of information used in decision making. The research has shown that getting this information in 'real time' or as close as possible to real time is the best means of improving the quality of information and its impact on management decisions. It is further recommended to investigate the implementation of systems such as Manufacturing Execution Systems to link the shop floor directly into the current ERP system and lastly to find a means of bridging the cultural differences between NUMSA unionised employees and PFK behavioural culture. / Graduate School of Business Leadership / M.B.A.

The concept of Operational decision making is not new, but in the context of Enterprise Resource Planning implementation as is the case at PFK Electronics (PTY) Ltd., it becomes part of what ERP process that makes organisations more competitive and profitable as Wallace and Kremzar (2001) comment, "Effective forecasting, planning, and scheduling is fundamental to productivity and ERP is a fundamental way to achieve it. Properly implementing ERP will give you a competitive advantage and help you run your business more effectively, efficiently and responsively." The Operational decision making process that forms part of the research question is a process known as Sales and Operational Planning process (SOP's). The research paper is looking at how Real Time Shop floor information can impact on the decision making process, as Wallace and Kremzar (2001 : 165) state that this is the most important element in making ERP systems work. The study looks at what information is required to make effective decisions in the SOP's process and how the respondents perceive information quality, its value and the impact on decision making in the SOP's process. The research sought to further investigate a diverse demographic population, the behavioural culture within the organisation and their perception on having this information in real time directly from the shop floor. Data was collected via a survey questionnaire and an interview process which also required the review of organisational documentation where available. The research aimed to investigate what information Operations (SOP's) need to make effective decisions to meet the organisational strategic objectives and to determine the best means of obtaining and communicating the information to managers. Developing this further the research was then broken down into three objectives: • To investigate 'what' information sales and operations managers need in order to make effective decisions that will have an impact on them meeting strategic performance objectives. • To evaluate 'how' real time shop floor information can improve the decision making process in Operations in meeting strategic objectives; by understanding the types and methods used in decision making and the significance of time on information. • To recommend suitable Information Communication Technology (ICT) systems to obtain and communicate information to managers effectively within operations. During this process time constraints were of a concern, which manifested in objective three not being able to be completed to the satisfaction of the researcher. However the research process, which included the survey and interviews of respondents, the researcher felt that respondents where honest and open in expressing their views which adds to the validity and reliability of the research. The results showed that there was a clear understanding of the topic amongst the respondents. It showed that the respondents had a good understanding of information and its importance in meeting strategic objectives by making better decisions. It became clear that ERP was generally working well but that timeliness of information was the biggest obstacle in meeting strategic objectives in balancing supply and demand. The research identified the information necessary for the SOP's process to be effective and it also showed the impact of having real time shop floor information available to the decision making process. It also showed that there would be other benefits as performance could also be improved by having real time performance indicators that are used to set the pace and common goal. The report also identified some cultural differences between PFK electronics culture and NUMSA unionised employees culture and the impact it has on relationships and communication. The report concludes with the research question being answered and with a recommendation that the single most important means of improving operational effectiveness is going to be to improve the quality of information used in decision making. The research has shown that getting this information in 'real time' or as close as possible to real time is the best means of improving the quality of information and its impact on management decisions. It is further recommended to investigate the implementation of systems such as Manufacturing Execution Systems to link the shop floor directly into the current ERP system and lastly to find a means of bridging the cultural differences between NUMSA unionised employees and PFK behavioural culture. / Graduate School of Business Leadership / M.B.A.