This thesis describes the evolution of an environmental learning program for Indigenous, urban youth called Bridging the Gap. A critical pedagogy of place provides a theoretical framework to engage in a practitioner-reflection, exploring the decisions made while revising the original program to make it both culturally and ecologically relevant. Using an action research methodology, the practitioner-researcher resolves to continue to seek resolution to relevant aspects of marginalization in attempt to facilitate reinhabitation for Bridging the Gap learners while emphasizing the program’s place-specific social, economic, and ecological situatedness.

This dissertation describes the results of a two year anthropological investigation into the concept of mental well being among the working class Afro-Surinamese population in Paramaribo, Suriname. More specifically, the research investigated how working class Afro-Surinamese in Paramaribo, Suriname define and maintain their sense of mental well-being, given their unique ethnic identity within a multi-ethnic and multicultural society, and given that their environment is heavily compromised by negative globalizing forces Over the course of two years a total of 62 people contributed information through group and individual interviews, which was supplemented by information obtained through participant observation. Findings show a highly complex system of mental well being that consists of a number of interlocking and interdependent factors, which, when kept in a harmonious relationship with each other, are presumed to bring mental well being. There are unique Afro-Surinamese measures available for strengthening mental well being based in rich and historical cultural traditions that are currently under-utilized, but have the potential to be revived and introduced for the benefit of peoples mental well being. Suriname was selected as a Caribbean country that struggles in a marginalized political and economic position in regards to the rest of the Caribbean, and in relation to the world powers. Suriname is also a Dutch Caribbean country about which little academic information has been published. This research aimed to bring forth a story of a globally marginalized people, and particularly of a population of African descent. It aimed to bring attention to the concept of mental well being among African Diaspora people, and to use the story of a small population as a starting point to connect with and look at other populations, Diaspora based or otherwise. Theoretical viewpoints of African Diaspora, Globalization, and a combination of Black Feminist/Third World Feminist/Caribbean Feminist theories were used to guide and shape this research. Lastly, an attempt was made to introduce the concept of Spirituality as a new and complementary aspect of ethnographic methodology.

This thesis describes the evolution of an environmental learning program for Indigenous, urban youth called Bridging the Gap. A critical pedagogy of place provides a theoretical framework to engage in a practitioner-reflection, exploring the decisions made while revising the original program to make it both culturally and ecologically relevant. Using an action research methodology, the practitioner-researcher resolves to continue to seek resolution to relevant aspects of marginalization in attempt to facilitate reinhabitation for Bridging the Gap learners while emphasizing the program’s place-specific social, economic, and ecological situatedness.

Pendant très longtemps, la littérature sénégalaise d’expression française s’est enrichie suivant les canons de l’esthétique occidentale. Du point de vue du style et des techniques de narration, les écrivains sénégalais de la première génération montraient une certaine maîtrise et dépendance de ceux-là. À une période récente, d’autres écrivains ont exprimé, dans leur choix d’écriture, une liberté de style et de ton vis-à-vis de la tradition littéraire. Le corpus choisi dans cette étude, s’inscrivant dans une dynamique de rupture d’avec les anciens récits de héros positifs, est constitué d’échantillons d’oeuvres d’écrivains appartenant à toutes les générations. Ces derniers, ne s’alignant pas sur les anciens canons esthétiques, offrent un nouveau regard à la littérature sénégalaise sous le prisme de la marginalisation.Dans cette étude nous relevons et analysons les éléments constituant l’esthétique de la marginalisation dans le texte sénégalais d’expression française. Pour situer le lecteur dans le contexte sénégalais, il nous incombe de signaler la diversité ethnique et religieuse qui fait du wolof l’une des langues nationales, du français, la langue officielle et de l’Islam, la religion dominante. Ces différentes composantes s’interfèrent dans les textes à travers des procédés narratifs et stylistiques mis en place pour créer d’autres types de discours. Pour donner corps et forme à ceux-là, les écrivains ont créé des figures marginales à cet effet.En définitive, analyser l’esthétique de la marginalisation dans la littérature sénégalaise d’expression française, c’est interroger les formes de discours, de structures des récits et d’images que les auteurs mettent en oeuvre pour transgresser les normes établies. Et quand leur écriture s’approprie la marginalisation, le renouvellement des effets stylistiques et le changement de champs thématiques deviennent des formes de refus et de rébellion. / For a very long time, the Senegalese literature of French expression has expanded following the canons of Western aesthetics. From a stylistic and narrative techniques perspective, the Senegalese writers of the first generation showed a sense of mastery and dependence on the former. Of recent, other writers have expressed in their choice of writing, their freedom of style and tone in relation to literary tradition. The chosen corpus in this study, following a dynamic break from old stories of positive heroes, consists of samples of works by writers belonging to all generations. These, aligning with the old aesthetic canons, offer a new look to the Senegalese literature under the prism of marginalization.In this study we identify and analyze the elements constituting the aesthetics of marginalization in the French-speaking Senegalese text. To place the reader in a Senegalese context, we deem it necessary to point out the ethnic and religious diversity which makes Wolof one of the national languages, French, the official language and Islam, the dominant religion. These different components interfere in the texts through narrative and stylistic processes used in order to create other types of discourse. To give concrete form to them, the writers have created marginal figures to that effect.Finally, to analyze the aesthetics of marginalization in Senegalese literature of French expression, it is to reflect on speech forms, story and image structures that the authors use to transgress the established standards. And when their writing appropriates marginalization, the renewal of the stylistic effects and the change of thematic fields become forms of rejection and rebellion

abstract: While numerous studies have examined the nature of masculinity, scholars seldom seek to determine the meaning of manhood or to explore which types of individuals are culturally permitted to call themselves men. One scholarly approach suggests that the meaning of a cultural category can best be illuminated through examining marginalized examples within that category. Based on this assumption, this project illuminates cultural understandings of manhood in the United States by examining the experience of men within two marginalized categories--gay and transsexual--who have often found themselves fighting for the right to call themselves men at a time when hegemonic assumptions about manhood have required that one had been designated male at birth, claims a heterosexual orientation, and exhibits characteristics that are stereotypically masculine. For gay men who were born male, social marginalization could result from one's gay orientation as well as from a perceived lack of masculine traits. For some transsexual gay men, all three of the traditional markers of manhood may be absent or deemed insufficient. This scenario calls into question what it is that all men have in common if the concept of manhood is to be associated with any stable definition. Within rhetorical analysis, the concept of textual fragmentation suggests that a rhetorical critic performs an analysis of a text by examining dense textual fragments; the critic's audience members then produce what they perceive to be a finished discourse in their own minds. Along these lines, this project illuminates the concept of manhood by examining dense textual fragments found within mass media representations and personal narratives, and concludes that one's manhood is determined based on the degree to which one identifies with others who call themselves men. Therefore, manhood can best be framed, not as a specific identity with a stable definition, but as a body of intersecting identifications specific to a particular cultural location and time period. As such, it is linked to cultural systems of power and oppression, illustrating that the claim to manhood as an identity is a rhetorical act that is not free from controversy. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Communication 2012

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-29T13:44:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissert_GérsicaLeite-BC.pdf: 1309608 bytes, checksum: 196a5a5250b2153056694f0b719a6ac3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-29T13:44:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissert_GérsicaLeite-BC.pdf: 1309608 bytes, checksum: 196a5a5250b2153056694f0b719a6ac3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / FACEPE / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo verificar pontos de interseção entre Os escravos (1863- 1870) e Contos Negreiros (2005), de Castro Alves e Marcelino Freire, respectivamente, não apenas no que tange o tema - ambos problematizam a escravização à qual são submetidas as minorias políticas no Brasil, especialmente os negros - mas também quanto às suas formas estéticas, sobretudo no que diz respeito à oralidade, visto que os dois autores escrevem textos para serem lidos em voz alta para o público. Eles realizam, portanto, o que Zumthor (1997) denominou “poética da oralidade” ou “performance”, em que pelo menos a transmissão e a recepção do texto literário passam pela voz e pelo ouvido. Analisamos, ainda, como o contexto de cada autor se transforma em elemento interno de suas obras, e como elas contribuem para dar visibilidade à situação de marginalidade e exclusão social da população negra no país. Para tanto, o trabalho se divide em três capítulos, para cujas discussões foram trazidos os estudos de Antonio Candido (1988; 2011; 2000), Antoine Compagnon (1999), Regina Dalcastagné (2008); Leyla Perrone-Moisés (2006), João Alexandre Barbosa (1990) e Heloísa Toller Gomes (1988), no tangente à representação literária, e nos estudos de Zumthor (1993;1997; 2007) sobre oralidade e performance. / The aim of this work is to examine areas of approximation between Os escravos (1863- 1870) and Contos Negreiros (2005), by Castro Alves e Marcelino Freire, respectively. Not only are we interested in the theme that connects the authors – both problematize the slavery to which minorities are submitted in Brazil, especially afro-Brazilians – but also regarding the literary aspects, principally when it comes to orality, once both authors write their texts to recite them to an audience. They make use of what Zumthor (1997) has called “poetics of orality” or “performance”, in which the transmission and reception of the literary text relies on the voice and the ear. Furthermore, we analyze how the context of each author influences the object of their works, as well as a possible contribution of these texts to draw attention to the social exclusion of the black population in Brazil. Thus, this dissertation is divided into three chapters, whose rationale intends to dialogue with the studies of Antonio Candido (1988; 2011; 2000), Antoine Compagnon (1999), Regina Dalcastagné (2008); Leila Perrone-Moisés (2006), João Alexandre Barbosa (1990) and Heloísa Toller Gomes (1988), concerning literary representation, and Zumthor (1993;1997; 2007), who writes about orality and performance.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-08-03T12:41:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissert_GérsicaLeite-BC.pdf: 1309608 bytes, checksum: 196a5a5250b2153056694f0b719a6ac3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:41:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissert_GérsicaLeite-BC.pdf: 1309608 bytes, checksum: 196a5a5250b2153056694f0b719a6ac3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / FACEPE / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo verificar pontos de interseção entre Os escravos (1863- 1870) e Contos Negreiros (2005), de Castro Alves e Marcelino Freire, respectivamente, não apenas no que tange o tema - ambos problematizam a escravização à qual são submetidas as minorias políticas no Brasil, especialmente os negros - mas também quanto às suas formas estéticas, sobretudo no que diz respeito à oralidade, visto que os dois autores escrevem textos para serem lidos em voz alta para o público. Eles realizam, portanto, o que Zumthor (1997) denominou “poética da oralidade” ou “performance”, em que pelo menos a transmissão e a recepção do texto literário passam pela voz e pelo ouvido. Analisamos, ainda, como o contexto de cada autor se transforma em elemento interno de suas obras, e como elas contribuem para dar visibilidade à situação de marginalidade e exclusão social da população negra no país. Para tanto, o trabalho se divide em três capítulos, para cujas discussões foram trazidos os estudos de Antonio Candido (1988; 2011; 2000), Antoine Compagnon (1999), Regina Dalcastagné (2008); Leyla Perrone-Moisés (2006), João Alexandre Barbosa (1990) e Heloísa Toller Gomes (1988), no tangente à representação literária, e nos estudos de Zumthor (1993;1997; 2007) sobre oralidade e performance. / The aim of this work is to examine areas of approximation between Os escravos (1863- 1870) and Contos Negreiros (2005), by Castro Alves e Marcelino Freire, respectively. Not only are we interested in the theme that connects the authors – both problematize the slavery to which minorities are submitted in Brazil, especially afro-Brazilians – but also regarding the literary aspects, principally when it comes to orality, once both authors write their texts to recite them to an audience. They make use of what Zumthor (1997) has called “poetics of orality” or “performance”, in which the transmission and reception of the literary text relies on the voice and the ear. Furthermore, we analyze how the context of each author influences the object of their works, as well as a possible contribution of these texts to draw attention to the social exclusion of the black population in Brazil. Thus, this dissertation is divided into three chapters, whose rationale intends to dialogue with the studies of Antonio Candido (1988; 2011; 2000), Antoine Compagnon (1999), Regina Dalcastagné (2008); Leila Perrone-Moisés (2006), João Alexandre Barbosa (1990) and Heloísa Toller Gomes (1988), concerning literary representation, and Zumthor (1993;1997; 2007), who writes about orality and performance.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-08-03T13:26:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissert_GérsicaLeite-BC.pdf: 1309608 bytes, checksum: 196a5a5250b2153056694f0b719a6ac3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T13:26:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissert_GérsicaLeite-BC.pdf: 1309608 bytes, checksum: 196a5a5250b2153056694f0b719a6ac3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / FACEPE / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo verificar pontos de interseção entre Os escravos (1863- 1870) e Contos Negreiros (2005), de Castro Alves e Marcelino Freire, respectivamente, não apenas no que tange o tema - ambos problematizam a escravização à qual são submetidas as minorias políticas no Brasil, especialmente os negros - mas também quanto às suas formas estéticas, sobretudo no que diz respeito à oralidade, visto que os dois autores escrevem textos para serem lidos em voz alta para o público. Eles realizam, portanto, o que Zumthor (1997) denominou “poética da oralidade” ou “performance”, em que pelo menos a transmissão e a recepção do texto literário passam pela voz e pelo ouvido. Analisamos, ainda, como o contexto de cada autor se transforma em elemento interno de suas obras, e como elas contribuem para dar visibilidade à situação de marginalidade e exclusão social da população negra no país. Para tanto, o trabalho se divide em três capítulos, para cujas discussões foram trazidos os estudos de Antonio Candido (1988; 2011; 2000), Antoine Compagnon (1999), Regina Dalcastagné (2008); Leyla Perrone-Moisés (2006), João Alexandre Barbosa (1990) e Heloísa Toller Gomes (1988), no tangente à representação literária, e nos estudos de Zumthor (1993;1997; 2007) sobre oralidade e performance. / The aim of this work is to examine areas of approximation between Os escravos (1863- 1870) and Contos Negreiros (2005), by Castro Alves e Marcelino Freire, respectively. Not only are we interested in the theme that connects the authors – both problematize the slavery to which minorities are submitted in Brazil, especially afro-Brazilians – but also regarding the literary aspects, principally when it comes to orality, once both authors write their texts to recite them to an audience. They make use of what Zumthor (1997) has called “poetics of orality” or “performance”, in which the transmission and reception of the literary text relies on the voice and the ear. Furthermore, we analyze how the context of each author influences the object of their works, as well as a possible contribution of these texts to draw attention to the social exclusion of the black population in Brazil. Thus, this dissertation is divided into three chapters, whose rationale intends to dialogue with the studies of Antonio Candido (1988; 2011; 2000), Antoine Compagnon (1999), Regina Dalcastagné (2008); Leila Perrone-Moisés (2006), João Alexandre Barbosa (1990) and Heloísa Toller Gomes (1988), concerning literary representation, and Zumthor (1993;1997; 2007), who writes about orality and performance.

This is a multi-method research which consists of four studies. The first examined the influence of cultural values and ethnic identity on collective self-esteem, acculturative stress and attitudes toward seeking psychological help among 117 Saudi students living and studying in the UK, 20 of them were interviewed in the second part of the study in order to examine their acculturation strategies and their attitude toward seeking psychological help. The measures used were: Asian Values Scale (AVS), Male Arab Acculturation Scale (MAAS), Male Arabic Ethnic Identity Measure (MAEIM), Attitudes toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help-Short Form (ATSPPH-SF), and Collective Self-Esteem (CSE-R). The study sample was divided into two groups: 49 (Junior) newly arrived students and 68 (senior) students who had spent more than one year in the UK. Also, gender and marital status were considered as variables. Interviews were conducted to examine the questionnaire's findings in depth. Results supported the hypothesis that adherence to original cultural values is a positive predictor of collective self-esteem. Also it was found that there was a difference between new and senior students in the scores on the following scales: AVS, CSE, SAFE, ATSPP, and MAAS Int. Results also supported the hypothesis that ethnic identity is a positive predictor of collective self-esteem. However, no relation was observed between adherence to original cultural values and students‟ attitudes towards seeking psychological help, acculturative stress, and communication styles. Also, ethnic identity did not correlate with acculturative stress. Regarding gender and marital status, findings suggest that they are not significant predictors of the research‟s dependent variables. In the third part of the study: the researcher examined and measured the effect of providing counselling sessions for a sample of 12 Saudi students during their stay in the UK using a pre- and post- Culture Shock Questionnaire, and results were compared with a control group of 12 Saudi participants who were not engaged in the counselling sessions. Results were statistically significant for the experimental group which indicated a positive effect of providing counseling services for Saudi students. In the fourth part of the study: the researcher measured the effect of reverse culture shock on students who returned home using a modified version of the Home-comer Culture Shock Scales (HCSS) and inviting view participants to take part in un formal interview. The thesis will be concluded with an explanatory conclusion which might lead to further studies.

As the population ages and income disparities increase, issues affecting older adults and marginalized individuals are examined more frequently. Despite this, little attention is paid to the community experiences of women over the age of fifty who face marginalization, criminalization and homelessness. This study is an institutional ethnography of older marginalized women in Ottawa, focusing on their identities, lives and their experiences of community life. Its findings are based on ethnographic fieldwork as well as interviews with 27 older marginalized women and 16 professionals working with this group. The women described their identities, social networks, daily activities and navigations of their communities as well as the policy and discursive framework in which their lives are situated. Regardless of whether the women had housing or were staying in shelters, upheaval, uncertainty and change characterized their experiences in the community, reflecting their current circumstances, but also their life courses. Their accounts also revealed how, through social support, community services, and personal resilience, older marginalized women negotiate daily life and find places and spaces for themselves in their communities. As an institutional ethnography, this research foregrounds participants’ responses, framing these with theoretical lenses examining mobilities, identity, social capital, governmentality, and stigma. Specifically, it uses the lenses of mobilities and identities to understand the nature of their community experiences, before moving outward to examine their social networks and the world around them. Governmentality theory is also used to describe the neoliberal context framing their community experiences. The study concludes with a reflection on the research and a set of policy recommendations arising from the study.