Termen cannabis används för samtliga droger som framställs ur växten Cannabis sativa, inklusive marijuana. Cannabis är, i flertalet länder, ett narkotikaklassat preparat som är ett återkommande debatt tema. Debatterna angående cannabis styrs främst utav en legalisering gällande cannabisbruk, vilket lett till att flera länder runt om i världen inlett en legaliseringsprocess av detta bruk. Cannabis är den mest brukade drogen i västvärlden trots att den generellt anses har en skadlig påverkan på individer. Denna uppsats avser att genom en litteraturstudie undersöka om det finns något samband mellan cannabisbruk och brottslighet, ett annat syfte är att undersöka hur starkt ett eventuellt samband är. Till denna uppsats har den sociala inlärningsteorin använts som teoretisk förankring. Sammanfattningsvis visar resultaten i denna uppsats att bruk av cannabis har ett samband med brottslighet men att en exakt styrka på detta samband är svårt att utläsa. Frekventa cannabisbrukare har dock ett starkt samband med brottslighet, jämfört med individer som brukar cannabis mindre frekvent. Det behövs mer kunskap gällande sambandet mellan cannabisbruk och brottslighet, inte minst angående riktningen på detta samband / The term cannabis is used for all drugs produced from the plant Cannabis sativa, including marijuana. Cannabis is, in most countries, a narcotic preparation and is a recurring debate theme. The debates regarding cannabis are primarily out of a legalization regarding cannabis use, which led to that several countries around the world launched a legalization process of this use. Cannabis is the most widely used drug in the Western world, although it is generally considered to have an adverse impact on individuals. This paper intends to use a literature review to exam whether there is any association between cannabis use and crime. Another purpose is to exam the strength of a possible relationship. In this paper, the social learning theory has been used as a theoretical foundation. In summary, the results in this paper show that the use of cannabis is associated with crime, but the exact strength of this relationship is difficult to determine. However, frequent cannabis users do have a strong association with crime, compared with individuals who use cannabis less frequently. More knowledge is needed regarding the relationship between cannabis use and crime, particularly regarding the direction of this relationship.

The present investigation modeled the expectancy memory organization and likely memory activation patterns of marijuana expectancies of children across age and marijuana use. The first phase of the study surveyed 142 children to obtain their first associate to marijuana use. From their responses, the Marijuana Expectancy Inventory for Children and Adolescents (MEICA) was developed. The second phase of the study administered the MEICA to a second sample of 392 children to model marijuana expectancy organization and probable memory activation paths of marijuana users versus never-users. Results indicated that irrespective of age, adolescents who have used marijuana tend to emphasize positive-negative effects, whereas adolescents who have never used marijuana tend to emphasize psychological-physiological effects. Memory activation patterns also differed by marijuana use history such that users are more likely to begin their paths with short-term positive effects of marijuana, versus non-users who access long-term cognitive and physiological effects with more likelihood. This study is the first to examine specific marijuana outcome expectancies of children and adolescents as they relate to marijuana-using behavior. Implications for marijuana prevention and intervention programs, future research, and limitations of the current investigation are discussed.

Legalizing marijuana for recreational use has been a hot political topic in recent years. Different conclusions have been drawn from the literature on this subject, but one conclusion is that the tactic is an effective instrument in combating the black market. On the other side, it has also been demonstrated that it has a negative effect on neighbouring regions that still view marijuana as an illicit drug.  This study examines the evidence of any causal link between the legalization of marijuana for recreational use and its consequences on neighbouring regions. The legalization of marijuana in Washington state in 2012 and spillover effects on drug-related crime rates in British Columbia served as the foundation for this study. With the help of nine Canadian provinces, a synthetic British Columbia has been created that attempts to simulate how crime rates may have developed had Washington not legalized marijuana.  The legalization of marijuana has had both positive and negative spillover impacts on the neighbouring territory, according to empirical data. As a "gateway" substance, marijuana possession rates rose after the implementation of the policy. Results on the supply side show that because of increased competition and legal supply from the neighbouring region, marijuana suppliers are switching to other drugs. This essay also addresses other potential social effects of marijuana legalization, such as a decline in the prevalence of sexual assault and marijuana possession among young people. Based on the empirical data, the study offers improvements in aiding neighbouring regions who are considering the implementation of RML in creating preventative measures against illicit usage of marijuana.

Suicide is a growing public health problem, and the 12th leading cause of death overall in the United States. Past research has been conducted on individuals who screen positive for suicide to determine risk factors and suicide patterns across age groups. However, limited little research has been conducted on individuals that screen positive for suicide risk in an emergency department setting. Through the use of a longitudinal, secondary dataset from the Florida Implementation of the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention Project, the relationship between alcohol and drug use and generation (Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Millennials), age, and living status was analyzed in adults (25+) who screened positive for suicide risk in the emergency department. Omnibus chi-square statistics and adjusted standardized residual analyses were used to assess differences in alcohol and drug use amongst generations, age groups, and living statuses. Results indicated significant differences between alcohol, opioid, and amphetamine use and frequency among individuals living with family and in unsheltered environments and marijuana use in Generation X and Millennials. Limitations include sample size and self-reported measures of frequency and usage of drugs and alcohol, which warrant future studies to expand upon these findings.

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This paper is a critical review of current research on the effects of marijuana use in human subjects. The first three sections provide basic information on the pharmacology of marijuana, the methodological difficulties in marijuana research, and the subjective effects associated with its use. The main body of the paper deals with psychological and physiological effects separately.

By exploring the history of cannabis in the French Empire, this dissertation builds on recent scholarly efforts to investigate the intersections of France’s national and imperial pasts. As scholar Gary Wilder argued in his seminal work, The French Imperial Nation-State (2005), “French historiography is traditionally guided by a national paradigm for which a correspondence between territory, population, and state is considered normal and the existence of colonies is treated as exceptional.” This fabricated barrier between France’s national and imperial pasts, he argues, conceals the reality that “the metropole and its overseas colonies exercised a reciprocal influence upon one another” and that both should be studied as one political and cultural unit, as what he terms the “imperial nation-state.” As this dissertation demonstrates, the history of drug use and prohibition in France is in large part a story of movement between colony and metropole. From the nation’s first imperial encounter with hashish during Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt in 1798 through the subsequent spread of cannabis use and cannabis-based medications in the French metropole during the middle 19th century to the creation of anti-cannabis laws in France and its North African colonies during the fin de siècle, the circulation of cannabis and ideas about cannabis use between colony and metropole drove the development of prohibition policies in France from the birth of the republic through the early 20th century / History

OBJECTIVES: The Government of Canada legalized the recreational use of cannabis on October 17th, 2018. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of Canadians (aged 15 years or older) intending to try or increase their cannabis use following legalization and explore characteristics associated with the intent to try or increase use. METHODS & DATA ANALYSIS: A secondary data analysis was conducted of cross-sectional data from Waves 1–3 of the National Cannabis Survey collected from February to September 2018. All respondents’ data were weighted and bootstrapped multivariable logistic and multinomial regression models were developed. Relative measures of association were reported as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and relative risk ratios (RRRs), and absolute measures of association as adjusted risk differences (ARDs). RESULTS: Response rates were 51.2% (Wave 1), 51.3% (Wave 2), and 51.6% (Wave 3). An estimated 18.5% (95%CI: 17.6–19.5) of the study population indicated that they intended to try (12.3%) or increase (6.2%) cannabis use following legalization. Our weighted analysis represented 27,808,081 Canadians 15 years of age or older (unweighted n = 17,089). In our adjusted logistic model, being more likely to try or increase cannabis use was associated with younger age (15–24 years versus ≥65; aOR 3.8, 95%CI: 2.6–5.6; ARD 20.1%, 95%CI: 13.9–26.2), cannabis use in the past three months versus not (aOR 3.3, 95%CI: 2.8–3.9; ARD 20.4%, 95%CI: 17.1–23.6),higher income (≥$80,000 versus <$40,000; aOR 1.5, 95%CI: 1.3–1.9; ARD 6.1%, 95%CI: 3.2–9.0), and poor or fair mental health compared to good or excellent mental health (aOR 2.0, 95%CI: 1.6–2.6; ARD 11.5%, 95%CI: 6.7–16.2). CONCLUSIONS: Nearly 1 in 5 respondents reported their intention to try or increase cannabis use post–legalization. Intentions may not lead to actual changes in behaviour and further surveillance of cannabis use can help determine impact of policy change. / Thesis / Master of Public Health (MPH)