Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Auburn University, 2007. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references (ℓ. 341-352)

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Toronto, 2004. / Adviser: Dwight Boyd.

Stuttgart, FH, Diplomarb., 2002.

Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2008. / The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on December 17, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wyoming, 2008. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Nov. 11, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-146).

abstract: Ancient Mediterranean cultures incorporated equine iconography into their artistic repertoires, demonstrating the horse's importance not only as a beast of burden and war, but also as a visual symbol of wealth and prestige. Interaction between man and horse appears in clay as early as the third millennium BC, along with the early development of ancient Near Eastern cultures. Tactical evolution in Near Eastern warfare, particularly the eclipse of chariot forces by the rise of cavalry, coincided with the emergence of equestrian terracotta figurines and facilitated the popularity of horse and rider imagery. Cyprus' many city-kingdoms have yielded a vast, coroplastic corpus in both votive and mortuary contexts, including figurines of equestrian type. These terracottas are an important contribution to the understanding of ancient Cypriote cultures, cities and their coroplastic oeuvre. While many studies of excavated terracottas include horse and rider figurines, only a limited number of these publications dedicate adequate analysis and interpretation. Ancient Marion is one of the Cypriote city-kingdoms producing a number of equestrian terracottas that are in need of further examination. By focusing on the unpublished horse and rider figurines from Marion, this paper will add to the conversation of Cyprus' inclusion of equestrian iconography in coroplastic production. Through thorough analysis of the horse and rider terracottas, specifically their plastic and stylistic components, this thesis establishes typologies, makes visual comparisons and demonstrates Marion's awareness of an equine vogue both in contemporary Cyprus and abroad. The horse and rider figurines of Marion are an important contribution to the better understanding of the city-kingdom and exemplify the inclusion of equestrian imagery within the context of ancient societies. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Art History 2014

Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 1992. / gm2014 / Zoology and Entomology / unrestricted

Jean-Luc Marion dans son Phénomène érotique (2003) est à la recherche d’un concept, d’une description philosophique de l’amour humain. Selon la méthode phénoménologique qu’il suit, définir l’amour comme phénomène veut dire montrer comment l’amour apparaît pour un « je ». Il s’agit de voir comment on en vient à aimer. Marion décrit la situation où l’amour est donné en s’intéressant à la disposition humaine propice à l’amour. Nous soutenons que la liberté est pour Marion cette disposition essentielle à l’amour. La thèse apparait tout au long de l’oeuvre. Dans notre mémoire, nous tâchons de préciser de quelle liberté parle l’auteur. Une exégèse du Phénomène érotique nous conduit à identifier deux réponses apparemment opposées à cette question du rôle de la liberté dans l’amour. (1) Au début de l’oeuvre, Marion soutient la thèse que l’amour apparaît lorsque le sujet renonce à sa position autarcique; celle d’un ego qui se certifie lui-même et le monde. L’amour apparait en dépit d’une liberté comprise comme ce pouvoir a priori du sujet. Pour aimer, il faut entrer dans une certaine passivité et accepter de dépendre d’un ailleurs qui ne peut être maîtrisé. (2) D’autre part, dans la troisième partie du livre, l’auteur montre qu’il n’y a pas d’amour sans une décision d’aimer et une avance vers autrui, indépendante de toute réciprocité. Autrement dit, pour qu’il y ait amour, il faut aimer sans attendre d’être aimé. « Je deviens amoureux parce que je le veux bien, sans aucune contrainte, selon mon seul et nu désir » (PÉ, 149), écrit Marion. Cette thèse de l’oeuvre a surpris en regard des thèses précédentes de Marion, principalement celles d’Étant donné. L’activité de la subjectivité y avait été réduite par l’auteur à la seule réception du donné, afin de laisser les phénomènes se manifester pleinement. Dans le phénomène érotique, la subjectivité semble récupérer de ses pouvoirs. Certains commentateurs ont vu un retour de transcendantalisme dans cette oeuvre et une contradiction de Marion avec lui-même. Nous faisons la lumière sur ces critiques. La lecture thématique de l’oeuvre à partir de la question de la liberté nous montre que Marion articule deux conditions nécessaires à l’amour : une ouverture à l’égard d’un ailleurs qui dépasse le je et une avancée libre vers cet ailleurs. Prises l’une sans l’autre, ces deux conditions aboutissent à des apories, ce que nous montrons. L’auteur suggère ainsi que l’amour se trouve quelque part au-delà de cette stricte opposition entre passivité et activité. L’amour pour Marion n’est pas synonyme d’une passion où le sujet verrait tous ses pouvoirs submergés, mais il ne découle pas non plus d’un « volontarisme »; il se situe quelque part dans la synthèse de ces deux moments. Notre thèse est que l’amour pour Marion va de pair avec la liberté. Mais il s’agit d’une liberté que l’auteur travaille à redéfinir. La liberté en amour prend chez Marion la forme d’un consentement à être affecté, synonyme d’abandon ou de disponibilité. Il ne s’agit ni d’une passivité totale, ni d’un pouvoir a priori, mais d’une capacité au sens qu’elle avait avant Descartes dans la notion latine de capacitas, synonyme de disponibilité d’un accueil. Marion analyse cette disposition dans deux textes précédents, ce qui jette un bon éclairage sur le sens de la liberté dans le Phénomène érotique.

This study was conducted to satisfy three objectives. The first was to provide a detailed description of the differences between the prey contents of rainbow trout (Salmo qairdneri) and kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) compared either to each other or to the prey contents of the natural environment. The second was to determine how elements of anatomy, physiology and behaviour interact to promote the acquisition of species specific diets by trout and kokanee. The third was to precisely identify the foraging strategies of the two predators by assessing how different anatomical and behavioural characteristics serve as interrelated adaptations that suit each species to effectively use a specific habitat-prey complex. Matched samples of trout and kokanee from Marion Lake exhibit only modest A dietary overlap (mean of C λ = .462, range.136 to .881). Although kokanee appear to track the environmental abundance of prey more closely than trout, both predators exhibit pronounced patterns of "density independent" acquisition of prey from the total complex of prey that is apparently available in the lake. To test hypotheses about the factors that control these dietary patterns, I conducted a series of studies concerning where trout and kokanee choose to forage, when they choose to forage, how they search for prey, how they attack prey, and how experience in encountering various prey alters the predator's foraging behaviour. Temporal segregation of trout and kokanee foraging activities is not well-developed under field conditions and appears unlikely to promote strong patterns of food-resource partitioning. By contrast, spatial segregation is well-developed and clearly plays a major role in promoting the acquisition of relatively large numbers of nearshore benthic prey ( eg. planorbid snails or odonates ) by trout and of relatively large numbers of offshore, water-column prey ( eg. chironomid pupae ) by kokanee. Close inspection of the details of predator and prey distributions indicates that many aspects of food-resource partitioning are not logical outcomes of spatial segregation. Differences in predator search-techniques do not determine the presence or absence of various prey types in predator diets, however, differences in predator search behaviours do bias them to obtain different quantities of particular classes of prey. Kokanee search procedures allow them to detect prey in both exposed and concealed locations while trout detect only exposed prey. While searching for benthic or lake-surface prey, kokanee maintain search positions which allow them to detect prey of smaller sizes than trout. This clearly favours the trend for kokanee to include greater quantities of small prey (eg. Hyalella sp.) in their diets than trout. Differences in search procedures do not explain why kokanee obtain a greater proportion of their diet than trout from small zooplankton (≤ 1 mm ) in late summer or why kokanee seldom exploit any of the relatively large ( > 4 mm ), armoured prey that are common in the diet of similar sized trout. Differences in both behavioural and morphological characteristics involved in the attack phase of foraging by trout and kokanee serve as the basis for explanations of a number of differences between the diets of free-ranging predators. These differences include: the greater utilization of aerial prey by trout, the inclusion of large numbers of copepods in the diet of kokanee but not of trout, the generally greater utilization of zooplankton by kokanee compared to trout, and the relative-scarcity of large ( > 4 mm ), armoured prey, in the diet of kokanee. A series of laboratory experiments was used to examine the extent to which short term experience might influence food-resource partitioning by trout and kokanee. These experiments offered convincing evidence that differential effects of experience will amplify the trends in resource partitioning already set in motion by differences in habitat selection, search procedures, and attack procedures. I argue that the morphological and behavioural traits that control food "selection" by trout and kokanee in Marion Lake are a consequence of the evolution of mutually exclusive foraging strategies. Trout are portrayed as D-strategists that concentrate on relatively large, dispersed prey for the bulk of their energy requirements. Adaptations which enable trout to differentially exploit large prey include: procedures for area-extensive search; a predisposition to attack relatively large, armoured-prey; large mouth-size; and persistent responses to opportunities to attack large prey. An inability to sustain high attack rates on small prey ( < 1 mm ) at high density ( 35 per liter ) and a tendency to ignore or reject such prey suggest that trout are not well-adapted to exploit relatively small, morphologically-uniform,prey. Kokanee are portrayed as C-strategists which concentrate on relatively small, contagiously-distributed prey for the bulk of their energy requirements. Adaptations which enable kokanee to differentially exploit small prey include: procedures for area-intensive search; a predisposition to attack relatively small, morphologically-uniform prey; small mouth-size; well-developed gill-rakers; and an ability to sustain high attack rates on small planktonic prey. Low ingestion success with a variety of large benthic prey and a tendency to ignore or reject such prey under laboratory conditions where they serve as the sole source of food are evidence that kokanee are not well adapted to exploit large, armoured-prey. Adaptations associated with the search, capture, manipulation and ingestion phases of the foraging cycle appear in each instance to be evolutionary responses to specific features of a given habitat-prey complex. C-selected or D-selected foraging strategies appear to be mutually exclusive evolutionary avenues down which trout and kokanee have been directed by the fundamental nature of a given habitat-prey complex. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate