Da chegada do colonizador aos dias atuais, o processo de destruição da Amazônia foi cada vez mais acelerado, processo este que não existia no período pré-colonial. Segundo nossa análise, tal destruição da região está diretamente vinculada a entrada e avanço do Sistema de Mercado (como conceituado por Karl Polanyi) na região. Assim, apresentamos e discutimos a história econômica da região, destacando os papéis do poder público e do poder econômico nas transformações ocorridas. Para o último século, analisamos dados, principalmente dos censos, para evidenciar as transformações ocorridas na região. Concluímos que o poder político ao longo do tempo, cooptado pelo poder econômico, favoreceu a aceleração do processo de degradação da região com políticas de cunho desenvolvimentista que favoreceram mais à grupos de fora da Amazônia do que aos amazônidas. Mesmo existindo crescimento econômico marcante em alguns períodos, não se identifica um processo de desenvolvimento na história da região, muito menos de desenvolvimento sustentável. O Sistema de Mercado se manifesta na região principalmente em forma de latifúndios, o que indica que a solução da crise regional passará por um processo de distribuição de terras. No final, apresentamos um exemplo de empreendimento econômico sustentável do Acre (Projeto RECA) para discutirmos as propostas de desenvolvimento da perspectiva neoliberal localista e as possibilidades de disseminação das atividades econômicas sustentáveis na região. / From the arrival of the colonizers to the present day, the process of destruction of the Amazônia was increasingly accelerated, a process that did not existed in the pre-colonial period. According to our analysis, such destruction in the region is directly linked to the advance of the Market System (as conceptualized by Karl Polanyi) in the region. Thus, we present and discuss the economic history of the region, highlighting the roles of the governments and of the economic power in the transformations occurred. For the last century, we analyze data, especially the census, to highlight the changes occurring in the region. We conclude that the political system over time, coopted by the economic power, favored the acceleration of the process of degradation of the region focusing on development policies that favored more external groups than the Amazonians. While there are remarkable economic growth in some periods, a process of development was not identified in the history of the region. The Market System manifests itself in the region mainly in the great land concentration, which indicates that the solution for the regional crisis can be constructed through a land distribution process. We finalize the work, presenting an example of sustainable economic enterprise in the Acre state (RECA Project) to discuss the development proposals of the neoliberal localist perspective and the possibility of dissemination of sustainable economic activities in the Amazônia.

Da chegada do colonizador aos dias atuais, o processo de destruição da Amazônia foi cada vez mais acelerado, processo este que não existia no período pré-colonial. Segundo nossa análise, tal destruição da região está diretamente vinculada a entrada e avanço do Sistema de Mercado (como conceituado por Karl Polanyi) na região. Assim, apresentamos e discutimos a história econômica da região, destacando os papéis do poder público e do poder econômico nas transformações ocorridas. Para o último século, analisamos dados, principalmente dos censos, para evidenciar as transformações ocorridas na região. Concluímos que o poder político ao longo do tempo, cooptado pelo poder econômico, favoreceu a aceleração do processo de degradação da região com políticas de cunho desenvolvimentista que favoreceram mais à grupos de fora da Amazônia do que aos amazônidas. Mesmo existindo crescimento econômico marcante em alguns períodos, não se identifica um processo de desenvolvimento na história da região, muito menos de desenvolvimento sustentável. O Sistema de Mercado se manifesta na região principalmente em forma de latifúndios, o que indica que a solução da crise regional passará por um processo de distribuição de terras. No final, apresentamos um exemplo de empreendimento econômico sustentável do Acre (Projeto RECA) para discutirmos as propostas de desenvolvimento da perspectiva neoliberal localista e as possibilidades de disseminação das atividades econômicas sustentáveis na região. / From the arrival of the colonizers to the present day, the process of destruction of the Amazônia was increasingly accelerated, a process that did not existed in the pre-colonial period. According to our analysis, such destruction in the region is directly linked to the advance of the Market System (as conceptualized by Karl Polanyi) in the region. Thus, we present and discuss the economic history of the region, highlighting the roles of the governments and of the economic power in the transformations occurred. For the last century, we analyze data, especially the census, to highlight the changes occurring in the region. We conclude that the political system over time, coopted by the economic power, favored the acceleration of the process of degradation of the region focusing on development policies that favored more external groups than the Amazonians. While there are remarkable economic growth in some periods, a process of development was not identified in the history of the region. The Market System manifests itself in the region mainly in the great land concentration, which indicates that the solution for the regional crisis can be constructed through a land distribution process. We finalize the work, presenting an example of sustainable economic enterprise in the Acre state (RECA Project) to discuss the development proposals of the neoliberal localist perspective and the possibility of dissemination of sustainable economic activities in the Amazônia.

The aim of the study was to analyse the current supply chain in relation to the influence of suppliers, infrastructure, market, production process and distribution of products on sustainability of small-scale poultry producers at Ratlou Local Municipality, North West Province. The research also investigated how skills and knowledge of farmers contribute to sustainable operation of small-scale poultry farming, and socio-economic benefit of the farmers in the study area. All the seventy small-scale poultry producers for operating and non-operating farms or projects in the Municipality were interviewed. A structured interview was used to collect data which was captured and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 24. About 41.4 % of small-scale poultry projects were no longer operating, only 52.9 % were functional and 5.7 % were operating during certain seasons. The results of the study further revealed that 91.4 % of small-scale poultry farmers in Municipality did not know the name of the chicken breed they were using on their farms. The results reveal adequate availability of infrastructure such as access to electricity, tarred roads and telecommunication networks. The results of the Logit regression analysis revealed that the Logit coefficient estimates associated with payment level, credit availability, chick and feed suppliers made significant (p < 0.05) contribution towards sustainability of the small-scale poultry farm. The aforementioned variables may serve as bases for informed policy decisions aimed at ensuring sustainability of small-scale poultry production in the municipality. The current study identified the need for establishment for a proper integrated supply chain for small-scale poultry farmers. / Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology / M. Sc. (Agriculture)

Financial exchange markets are institutions that have a unique place in the system of market economy and are rightly considered to be the main pillars of the financial markets. Especially thanks to its functional and social status. The recent development of information and communication technologies has been significantly changing the exchange market systems. This thesis deals with the exchange market's system. In the theoretical part of the paper is the main attention paid to the decomposition of the whole complex into subsystems and characteristics of its individual components, in particular trading and information subsystem within the structure of the exchange market. The practical part is devoted to research the presence of tacit knowledge and its impact on trading.

The diploma thesis Economic and social interaction during Normalization era is is based on qualitative research. It deals with issues of system of return services and barter exchange in non - cash market in 1970's and 1980's in Czechoslovakia. The centrally planned economy was not able to produce enough consumer goods and meet the demand of the population. Employees, who worked in department stores, took easier approach to consumer goods than others. They excercised power over distribution and they traded some commodities for another services. As a research method applied is oral history. The primary sources used are narrative interview and secondary history literature.

自2000年以來隨資本外移與產變化，我國勞動市場彈性化與青年非典型就業擴大，隨之而來的青年高失業率與工作貧窮問題也日益嚴重。在此結構性問題下，除了過去認為在個別與集體勞動法上的欠缺外，更關乎勞動法中另一領域－勞動市場法制上的不足。 我國當前雖已有就業服務法、職業訓練法、就業保險法等共同構成我國就業安全體系的三大支柱，惟就勞動市場領域的討論仍多從法政策面出發，自憲法權利至勞動法的研究相對有限。與此相對，日本則自1950年起，即從日本國憲法第27條第1項之勤勞權出發，進行勞動市場法制理念之討論。而隨社會經濟變遷所帶來的勞動市場變化，日本對於勞動市場法制理念之學說，即自早期之「雇用保障法學」至主張市場原理主義之「勞動市場法學」與自其所衍生之「職涯權」理論，以及在國際趨勢及反應日本勞動市場就業品質惡化下所提出之「尊嚴勞動權」論。 在此學說理念發展下，日本於2015年為自長期觀點解決青年就業問題，而制定之「若者雇用促進法」，其內涵亦反映了相關之理念。其中最重要之制度，即包含了核心之工作卡制度，以及青年就業資訊開示、公共職業安定所之求人不受理、認證制度之創設等，以保障青年就業之權利。 在與日本之勞動市場法制與青年就業促進制度相較之下，可發現我國目前， 1.對整體勞動市場法制討論相對有限 2.長期、明確青年就業促進制度理念之差異 3.未將非典型就業青年納入視野，而建議我國未來首先應自我國憲法與勞動法出發，結合國內經濟、社會、文化環境等，探討我國勞動市場法制的理念核心，建構具有權利保障的勞動市場法制。並在上述理念核心下，針對青年就業問題，則應以青年為主體藉由立法或於現行法中進行修正，明確化青年就業的理念與目的，以作為青年就業促進政策的長期指導方針，並建立保障其權利之體制。

傳統上，由於受到組織及技術的限制，資訊科技(Information Technology)的應用只局限在單一組織之內。然而，隨著科技、經濟、組織及策略等因素的改變，這種情況已經改觀。 　　在國外有許多成功的個案將資訊科技視為策略性武器，並運用在產業競爭上。也有學者探討電子市場系統（Electronic Marketplaces or Electronic Market System），認為資訊科技也可以充當買賣交易過程中的中介系統(intermediary system)，提供買賣雙方交換價格和產品資訊，降低買方尋找成本，創造經濟價值。 　　本研究主要目的在探討台灣證券市場跨組織資訊系統(Interorganizational System；IOS)之演進、系統的促成與限制因素、系統的網路架構。涵蓋範圍及與業務之間的關聯性、以及系統對台灣證券市場之影響。研究結果發現，有十項因素促成台灣證券市場IOS成長：(1).組織變革；(2).技術能力；(3).成功經驗；(4).不斷創新；(5).經濟效益；(6).跨組織效率；(7).競爭優勢；(8).市場安全；(9).作業流程標準化；(10).政府參與。另外有二項因素限制IOS的成長:(1).系統整合；(2).電腦相關成本。IOS對台灣證券市場的影響可以從四個構面分析：(1).國家經濟；(2).產業；(3).組織；(4).投資人。本研究最後建議台灣證券市場應去除限制IOS成長的因素，並朝三個方向努力：(1).進行產業合作，建立資訊聯盟(Information Alliance)；(2).擴充系統網路範圍，加強規模經濟、範疇經濟（Economies of Scale and Scope）及網路外部性(Network Externalities)；(3).建立證券、金融業EDI，達到無紙化作業。

我國金融市場積極發展多元化與國際化，將由台灣期貨交易所推出臺指選擇權，建立選擇權市場以完備金融市場。由於選擇權市場掛牌交易契約眾多與選擇權的交易特性，因此有賴造市者發揮提供流動性、風險移轉、價格效率性及價格資訊揭露等經濟功能。本研究以造市者之功能性逐項比較我國造市者制度與EUREX、SEHK、LIFFE等各大交易所造市者制度之差異，用以發現我國首度引進的造市者制度對於選擇權市場發展的影響。 本研究為瞭解選擇權造市者營運的知識與技術，整理造市者作業循環的流程，針對造市者業務進行分工，建立起造市風險分析架構。推導得出造市風險包含造市交易風險與部位管理風險，呈現出市場波性風險、報價及交易策略風險、造市交易之市場機制風險、市場行情變動風險、遇險交易策略風險、部位管理之市場機制風險及財務與作業風險等七大類的造市風險。 本研究亦提出對於我國選擇權市場未來發展方向的關切，以及建議重視造市者利基與市場運作之關係，並提出未來與造市者相關之研究建議。 / Taiwan's financial market has been developing constructively into a globalization and multiplicity market within these years. To create a more completed financial market, Taiwan Futures Exchange (TAIFEX) will issue "the Taiwan stock index option" recently. As the complex and various features of the options trading, the option market will be successful and efficient through the market maker's economic functions, which are adding liquidity, increasing price efficiency, transferring risk and proving price information. This survey tried to compare the different functions of market maker system with TAIFEX, EUREX, SEHK and LEFFE, and to disclose the influence of the new market maker system on Taiwan's option market. This exposure takes great interest in market maker's knowledge and technology. By summarizing and classifying the operation process cycle flow of market maker, this research further organizes an analytic structure in market maker's risks. Including the market making risks and the positions management risks, the discussion demonstrates the market change risk, pricing strategy risk, limitary quoting risk, market volatility risk, hedging risk, mechanism risk, and finance and operation risk. The consequent also furnishes the concerns about the future development of Taiwan option market, emphasizing the importance of the relationship between market makers and market' benefit, and the suggestions to the further research.