Thèse--Paris. / Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:55:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 438145.pdf: 1105933 bytes, checksum: cbea879689be97b4c6cacf0097feda71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-02 / This research aims to analyze the concept of work (Arbeit) in Hegel s philosophy, by emphasizing some aspects of its reception in Marx. In order to do so, in the first place, the argumentation focuses to explicit the place and the role of the concept of work in Hegel s system pointing out the problems that it aims to solve and the influence that Hegel has had to develop a concept of work in a positive sense, for which the modern world, especially the political economy, has a special contribution. Secondly, the concept of work is examined with the purpose to clarify the meaning of the classic Hegelian formulation according to which the work forms (bildet). This is analyzed in the sphere of the Subjective Spirit, which discusses the forming dimension of work in relation to the individual as well in the sphere of the Objective Spirit, in which the forming dimension of work in his relation to the humankind is cleared. Nevertheless, to clarify this dimension demands to revisit his speculative structure as it appears in the Logic. However, if the work assumes this forming dimension, Marx ads that can succeed the opposite, in other words, it can also deform the human being, and that appears under the heading of the negative face of work or of the problem of alienation. This point is examined in the third moment, which aims to explain the Hegelian treatment of this problem. Finally, on the basis of the arguments presented, this search intends to expose some arguments on which basis it is possible to think the actuality of the concept work. / A presente pesquisa procura analisar o conceito de trabalho (Arbeit) na filosofia de Hegel, enfatizando alguns aspectos de sua recep??o em Marx. Para tanto, em primeiro lugar, explicita-se o lugar e a fun??o do conceito de trabalho no sistema hegeliano, focando os problemas que pretende resolver e as influ?ncias que Hegel teve para desenvolver um conceito de trabalho numa acep??o positiva, para o que a Modernidade, especialmente a Economia Pol?tica, deu uma contribui??o especial. Em segundo lugar, investiga-se o conceito do trabalho com o prop?sito de esclarecer o significado da cl?ssica formula??o hegeliana segundo a qual o trabalho forma (bildet). Isso ? feito tanto na esfera do Esp?rito Subjetivo, em que se analisa a dimens?o formadora do trabalho em rela??o ao indiv?duo, como tamb?m na esfera do Esp?rito Objetivo, em que se esclarece a dimens?o formadora do trabalho em rela??o ao g?nero humano. Por?m, esclarecer essa dimens?o exige que se revisite a estrutura especulativa do trabalho tal como ela aparece na L?gica. Mas, se o trabalho assume esse papel de formador, Marx acrescenta que tamb?m pode se suceder o inverso, ou seja, pode ser deformador do ser humano, o que aparece sob a rubrica da face negativa do trabalho ou do problema da aliena??o. Isso ? investigado no terceiro momento, tentando explicitar o tratamento hegeliano desse problema. Por fim, com base na argumenta??o desenvolvida, busca-se expor alguns pontos com base nos quais ? poss?vel pensar a atualidade do conceito de trabalho.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:55:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 445685.pdf: 872827 bytes, checksum: e38d672d4ca80645adba06d5c720eeb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-23 / This thesis is about dialectics in Hegel and Marx, more precisely, the concept of contradiction, a key concept both in hegelian and in marxian dialectics. Starting with a brief overview of Hegel's Science of Logic, it is discussed the concept of contradiction in face of the formal logic and the principle of non-contradiction in Aristotle. It shows that Hegel was inspired by Plato and Heraclitus and then developed his own method of revolutionary thought. After that it is analysed the use of Hegel's dialectics in Marx's work. Centered in the concept of contradiction, it shows the unfolding of this concept in the Marxian view, particularly its use in Capital and in the definition of social classes and the revolutionary epoch. The conclusions indicate the possibility of using the internal critique of Hegel's work to an internal critique of Marx's work, while stating the need of a Marxism critique within Marxism it self. / Neste trabalho trata-se da dial?tica em Hegel e em Marx, mais precisamente, do conceito de contradi??o, chave na dial?tica tanto hegeliana quanto marxiana. A partir de uma vis?o geral resumida da Ci?ncia da L?gica de Hegel, aborda-se o conceito de contradi??o e o confronta-se com a l?gica formal e o princ?pio da n?o contradi??o em Arist?teles. Mostra-se que Hegel se inspirou em Plat?o e Her?clito e desenvolveu, ent?o, seu pr?prio m?todo revolucion?rio de pensamento. Em seguida disserta-se sobre a utiliza??o da dial?tica de Hegel na obra de Marx. Tendo como centro o conceito de contradi??o, mostra seu desdobramento na obra marxiana, em particular na sua utiliza??o em O capital e na defini??o das classes sociais e da ?poca revolucion?ria. Como conclus?o, indica-se a possibilidade de se utilizar a cr?tica interna ? obra de Hegel para uma cr?tica interna ? obra de Marx, ao mesmo tempo em que se afirma a necessidade de que a cr?tica ao marxismo deve ser feita no interior mesmo do marxismo.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Livia Cristina de Aguiar Cotrim.pdf: 7646354 bytes, checksum: f736c27600d888306f0390397b8f5278 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-14 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The purpose of this work is to inquire the relations between politics and human emancipation in Karl Marx s thought through immanent analysis of texts produced between 1848 and 1871 in which Marx focuses those subjects while examining remarkable historical events: articles written for New Rhine Gazette, published from June 1848 to May 1849; The Class Struggles in France, of 1850, The Eighteen Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, of 1852, and The Civil War in France, including both of its Drafts, of 1871. This research shows that onto-negative determination of politics, found out by the author during the years when he constituted his own original thought, is maintained throughout the writings analyzed. That concept s development and concretization is also demonstrated through examining Marx s account on class struggles and political changes then taken place. In the first part of the research revolution and counter-revolution processes are approached within the never overcome German poverty, through New Rhine Gazette articles. In the second part, it is examined social revolution assertion in June 1848 insurrections, their defeat and Bonapartist state arousal. In both, forms of political actions and different classes consciousness elements were emphasized, as well as the relationships between classes and their political representations, their limits and potentialities. The third part focuses writings on Paris Commune understood as antithesis of the state, the non-state form of social emancipation. All the articles from New Rhine Gazette by Marx and those of unknown authorship were translated from the German originals and are presented as an appendix / Este trabalho investiga as relações entre política e emancipação humana no pensamento de Karl Marx, por meio da análise imanente de um conjunto de obras produzidas entre os anos de 1848 e 1871, nas quais abordou aqueles temas ao examinar acontecimentos históricos marcantes: os artigos escritos para o jornal Nova Gazeta Renana, publicado de junho de 1848 a maio de 1849; As Lutas de Classes na França, de 1850, O Dezoito Brumário de Luís Bonaparte, de 1852, e A Guerra Civil em França, incluindo seus dois Esboços, de 1871. A pesquisa mostrou a continuidade da determinação ontonegativa da politicidade, descoberta pelo autor nos anos de formação de seu pensamento próprio, bem como seu desenvolvimento e concretização pelo exame das lutas de classes e transformações políticas ocorridas naquelas ocasiões. A primeira parte aborda, pela análise dos artigos produzidos para a Nova Gazeta Renana, o processo de revolução e contra-revolução no interior da miséria alemã, que não é superada. A segunda parte examina a afirmação da revolução social nas jornadas de junho de 1848, sua derrota e a emersão do estado bonapartista. Em ambas, foram destacadas as formas de atuação política e elementos da consciência das diversas classes, as relações entre a classe e sua representação política e os limites ou potencialidades manifestos por elas. A terceira parte examina os textos acerca da Comuna de Paris, entendida como antítese do estado, forma não estatal da emancipação social. Em anexo, são apresentados os artigos da Nova Gazeta Renana escritos por Marx e os de autoria não identificada, traduzidos do original alemão

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:56:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Livia Cristina de Aguiar Cotrim.pdf: 7646354 bytes, checksum: f736c27600d888306f0390397b8f5278 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-14 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The purpose of this work is to inquire the relations between politics and human emancipation in Karl Marx s thought through immanent analysis of texts produced between 1848 and 1871 in which Marx focuses those subjects while examining remarkable historical events: articles written for New Rhine Gazette, published from June 1848 to May 1849; The Class Struggles in France, of 1850, The Eighteen Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, of 1852, and The Civil War in France, including both of its Drafts, of 1871. This research shows that onto-negative determination of politics, found out by the author during the years when he constituted his own original thought, is maintained throughout the writings analyzed. That concept s development and concretization is also demonstrated through examining Marx s account on class struggles and political changes then taken place. In the first part of the research revolution and counter-revolution processes are approached within the never overcome German poverty, through New Rhine Gazette articles. In the second part, it is examined social revolution assertion in June 1848 insurrections, their defeat and Bonapartist state arousal. In both, forms of political actions and different classes consciousness elements were emphasized, as well as the relationships between classes and their political representations, their limits and potentialities. The third part focuses writings on Paris Commune understood as antithesis of the state, the non-state form of social emancipation. All the articles from New Rhine Gazette by Marx and those of unknown authorship were translated from the German originals and are presented as an appendix / Este trabalho investiga as relações entre política e emancipação humana no pensamento de Karl Marx, por meio da análise imanente de um conjunto de obras produzidas entre os anos de 1848 e 1871, nas quais abordou aqueles temas ao examinar acontecimentos históricos marcantes: os artigos escritos para o jornal Nova Gazeta Renana, publicado de junho de 1848 a maio de 1849; As Lutas de Classes na França, de 1850, O Dezoito Brumário de Luís Bonaparte, de 1852, e A Guerra Civil em França, incluindo seus dois Esboços, de 1871. A pesquisa mostrou a continuidade da determinação ontonegativa da politicidade, descoberta pelo autor nos anos de formação de seu pensamento próprio, bem como seu desenvolvimento e concretização pelo exame das lutas de classes e transformações políticas ocorridas naquelas ocasiões. A primeira parte aborda, pela análise dos artigos produzidos para a Nova Gazeta Renana, o processo de revolução e contra-revolução no interior da miséria alemã, que não é superada. A segunda parte examina a afirmação da revolução social nas jornadas de junho de 1848, sua derrota e a emersão do estado bonapartista. Em ambas, foram destacadas as formas de atuação política e elementos da consciência das diversas classes, as relações entre a classe e sua representação política e os limites ou potencialidades manifestos por elas. A terceira parte examina os textos acerca da Comuna de Paris, entendida como antítese do estado, forma não estatal da emancipação social. Em anexo, são apresentados os artigos da Nova Gazeta Renana escritos por Marx e os de autoria não identificada, traduzidos do original alemão

This thesis seeks to trace domination theory back to the influential work done by Marx on commodity fetishism. Marx's work proves to be an original account of domination that explains how the dominated many accept the rule of the privileged few. The theory of commodity fetishism develops the idea that individuals come to adopt beliefs that bolster and reproduce the status quo of capitalism. For Marx, the way that individuals experience capitalism is different from the way that it actually works because, in fact, lived experience is actually false. Oppression, inequality and exploitation are thus hidden and the main source of conflict between the oppressed many and the privileged few is obscured. I seek to develop this insight of Marx's into a more comprehensive account of how dominating capitalism self maintains. Lukács' theory of reification explains how capitalism has become all-embracing because capitalism has developed its own type of rationality. This specific rationality shapes thought, which in turn, generates false beliefs that favour the continuation of the status quo. Horkheimer and Adorno argue that capitalism extends its influence by means of its deep involvement in modern culture. Today, culture has become an massive industry which inculcates the logic and principles of capitalism into individuals. For these theorists, capitalism has penetrated all areas of life; experience, knowledge and thought have become extensions of capitalism itself. Marx, Lukács, Horkheimer and Adorno give accounts of how false beliefs are put into practice. Hence the importance of the work of Bourdieu. Bourdieu's theory of distinction describes how the status quo in capitalism is maintained by the behaviour of individuals through their daily acts of consumption. I argue that the consumption of commodities reproduces the status quo in two ways: firstly, establishing an upper-class which takes the lead in patterns of consumption, and, secondly, by creating a middle class that follows its example. Finally, I relate Bourdieu's insights to the theories of Marx, Lukács, Horkheimer and Adorno and Bourdieu in order to arrive at a more inclusive account of how.

Includes abstract. Bibliography: leaves 346-374.

In his “Letter on Humanism,” Martin Heidegger conveys the importance he attributes to poetry when he states: “Language is the house of being” (“Letter” 239). In response to his early Jesuit education, he developed a secular alternative to theology with his existential phenomenology. Theology, poetry, and phenomenology share the basic concern of explaining the foundations of being. For Heidegger, ownership characterizes being in a fundamental way; in Contributions to Philosophy (From Enowning), he establishes the “Ereignis” (“event of appropriation”) as the foundation of being. Ownership lies at the core of being in his thinking following Being and Time. Yet his philosophy ignores the material circumstances of ownership. By way of a materialist critique of Heidegger’s Idealist phenomenology, I expose how property-relations are encoded in the modern poetry and philosophy of dwelling with the question: who owns the house of being? The answer lies in “self-possession,” which represents historical subjectivity as the struggle for the means of production. Paul Celan, T. S. Eliot, Rainer Maria Rilke, and Paul Valéry are all poets who address the relationship between being and ownership in expressing what Marx and Engels call the “language of real life” in The German Ideology (26). In 1927, Eliot converted to Anglicanism and found solace in the realm of faith; by opting for the theology of dispossession, he surrendered his historical subjectivity. Rilke thought that he could find refuge from the marketplace in aesthetic beauty and pure philosophy but eventually disabused himself of his illusion. Similarly, Valéry sought refuge in the space of thought; basing reality in the mind, he forsook the social realm as the site of contestation for gaining ownership over being. As a poet who distinguished himself from the Idealism of his predecessors, Celan developed a structure of dialogue based upon shared exchange on common ground. A materialist approach to the poetry and philosophy of dwelling exposes property-relations as the foundation of the house of being.

In his “Letter on Humanism,” Martin Heidegger conveys the importance he attributes to poetry when he states: “Language is the house of being” (“Letter” 239). In response to his early Jesuit education, he developed a secular alternative to theology with his existential phenomenology. Theology, poetry, and phenomenology share the basic concern of explaining the foundations of being. For Heidegger, ownership characterizes being in a fundamental way; in Contributions to Philosophy (From Enowning), he establishes the “Ereignis” (“event of appropriation”) as the foundation of being. Ownership lies at the core of being in his thinking following Being and Time. Yet his philosophy ignores the material circumstances of ownership. By way of a materialist critique of Heidegger’s Idealist phenomenology, I expose how property-relations are encoded in the modern poetry and philosophy of dwelling with the question: who owns the house of being? The answer lies in “self-possession,” which represents historical subjectivity as the struggle for the means of production. Paul Celan, T. S. Eliot, Rainer Maria Rilke, and Paul Valéry are all poets who address the relationship between being and ownership in expressing what Marx and Engels call the “language of real life” in The German Ideology (26). In 1927, Eliot converted to Anglicanism and found solace in the realm of faith; by opting for the theology of dispossession, he surrendered his historical subjectivity. Rilke thought that he could find refuge from the marketplace in aesthetic beauty and pure philosophy but eventually disabused himself of his illusion. Similarly, Valéry sought refuge in the space of thought; basing reality in the mind, he forsook the social realm as the site of contestation for gaining ownership over being. As a poet who distinguished himself from the Idealism of his predecessors, Celan developed a structure of dialogue based upon shared exchange on common ground. A materialist approach to the poetry and philosophy of dwelling exposes property-relations as the foundation of the house of being.

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