CDPs are an overlooked component of the metropolitan region, and add to the understanding of the region as a whole. Large CDPs that remain unincorporated have other forms of governance, either public or private. CDPs are equivalent to incorporated places in many ways, but have distinctive differences based on state and region. Large CDPs have reasons for not incorporating. A subset of these CDPs that are similar to Boomburbs are examined. Implications for planners regarding CDP existence are discussed. / Master of Urban and Regional Planning

Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone / This Capstone looks into the aspects of planned communities that are successful in reducing the need for automobile usage among residents. / The goal of this study is to assess automobile use in sustainably developed communities and note the ways in which these communities successfully reduce the need for personal automobiles. In response to research about the environmental and health effects of urban sprawl, developers have pushed for sustainably developed communities. These master plan communities follow particular guidelines and set goals to alleviate their effect on the environment and help reduce the negative effects of sprawling development. Because auto-dependency is a sign of sprawl, it is important that these communities develop in such a way that reduce citizens’ reliance on personal automobiles. This study will examine three separate master planned communities in the Tucson region and assess how each one addresses the issue of automobile usage, examining common factors between the different communities and what factors make these communities successful. This study found that several factors are important in reducing automobile use. These examples of successful development will potentially help future communities be successful in reducing automobile usage.

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The primary purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of family-recreation amenities to home valuation in Southern Arizona communities. Although recreation amenities have become a frequent addition to housing developments, little research exists regarding the value these amenities contribute to home valuation. The sample consisted of 600 homes in master-planned communities and 600 homes in comparable traditional subdivisions. Using the hedonic pricing method, this study examined whether the inclusion of recreation amenities provides additional value to homes after structural and locational characteristics were controlled for. Blocked multiple regression analyses were used to determine the contribution of both individual and bundled recreation amenities to home valuation. The results of this study revealed a positive significant relationship between the bundle of community parks, neighborhood parks, and trails located within master-planned communities and home valuation, accounting for 17.45% of home value in this sample. In addition, the inclusion of family-recreation programming was found to contribute 6.82% of home value within master-planned communities. The findings suggest the inclusion of recreation amenities may be an appropriate way to revitalize communities, to increase the tax base for new housing developments, and to attract residents during a time of economic recession.

Economic development brings about urbanisation which may result in rapid housing expansion. The health and well-being of communities is often not considered as a priority of urbanisation with the pressure for developing better economies. Sustainability principles in housing developments are perceived to be able to enhance and to improve the quality of living. The approach to sustainability can, however, be interpreted and prioritised differently. Many developing countries such as Malaysia are depending upon industrialisation for the development of their economies. Continuing urbanisation and industrialisation in these countries indirectly creates tensions between the need for a better built environment, and the push for economic growth. One specific phenomena in Malaysia is the introduction of the mixed-use urban neighbourhood, whereby residential development is netsled within the industrial establishments. On one hand, this helps to create job opportunities and improve the local economy. On the other, it creates concerns in the relations to the house planning, and to the well-being of the residents. These have potential exposures to industrial activities that are associated with environmental problems, such as, poor air quality, local temperature increases, and excessive noise levels. This research applied the current international trends of sustainability practices in housing development in searching for the most appropriate strategies for developing sustainable residential-industrial neighborhoods. Cross reference to other countries strategies and experiences can be adaptation for Malaysian conditions. A residential-industrial community in the city of Pasir Gudang Johor, Malaysia, has been selected as a case study in order to examine the perceived problems of indoor environmental quality in such environments. The result of a questionnaire survey and in-situ measurement indicates that they are facing indoor environmental problems. A set of recommendations for housing guidelines which are tailored for local Malaysians conditions have been identified, and have potential for improving the housing development guidelines and policies for mixed-use community living. Comprehensive strategies will need to be developed to achieve housing development sustainability goals. The development of Master Planned Communities (MPC's) is suggested to be appropriate mechanism to developing planning controls. This will ensure the improvement of indoor environmental quality of living in residential-industrial housing developments in Malaysia. It is anticipated that this research will make a positive contribution to developing decision-making procedures that are appropriate to achieving the goals of sustainable housing development in relation to mixed-used residential housing, It is also expected that this research will assist in establishment of a unified national sustainable housing strategy, and in the rationalised adoption of a master planned community approach.

Older Australians walk for many reasons: health, recreation and transport. However, road safety statistics show that pedestrians over 65 represent one-third of Australia's pedestrian deaths. As Australia's population ages in place and older people take up a walking regime for health and transportation reasons, they need a supportive suburban setting. Urban design theories discuss such "pedestrian-friendly" concepts as sense of place, sense of community, responsive environments, traditional neighbourhood design, transit-oriented development, and crime prevention through environmental design. To investigate these concepts in relation to older pedestrians, this study brings together two areas of literature - research into older pedestrians in relation to urban design theories. Qualitative research methods were used in two case studies, to reveal how older people's interpretation of their local walking environment relates to urban design theories concerning walkable suburbs. The two Brisbane suburbs of Bulimba and Forest Lake were chosen for study, as they have different histories, topographies, street patterns, and other variations. Analysis of key themes gathered from two focus group discussions, one from each suburb, revealed the significance for participants of social interaction when walking for health. A photographic exercise performed by the Forest Lake focus group provided pictorial information for analysis, and revealed participants' interest in the lake's fauna and flora, and in its ongoing maintenance. The study was limited by an unforeseen failure to obtain the cooperation of the Bulimba group in the photographic exercise. In support of the claims made in the literature review, it seems that when older pedestrians walk through suburban streets, they avoid steep hills, busy roads, and intersections where possible, and require footpaths with even surfaces and shelters. When walking for health reasons, participants in this study did not favour local streets, but preferred "natural" places designed exclusively for walkers. Forest Lake participants stated a preference for driving to places they deemed suitable for walking, which suggests a need for more detailed design attention to the urban design qualities of local streets, so that those older people without cars are not disadvantaged.

Ce projet de recherche s'articule sur la validation de notre hypothèse qui affirme que l’introversion résidentielle dans la communauté métropolitaine de Montréal (CMM), ce n’est qu'une étape ultime vers la fermeture résidentielle. Ainsi, que ces lotissements prennent d’autres formes d’enclosure, qui diffèrent du modèle des Gated Communities (GCs) étatsuniennes. Ce dernier se caractérise par la clôture, la gouvernance privée, le marquage d’entrée par les portails et le flicage à travers la vidéosurveillance. Cette enclosure introvertie se réalise par la forme urbaine ̶ semi-fermée ̶ des ensembles résidentiels. Cependant, ces enclaves montréalaises se dirigent vers le modèle d’enclavement francilien; qui se caractérise par le passage doux (inaperçu) vers la fermeture résidentielle (Paquot, 2009). Précisément, nous viserons à étudier la typo-morphologie du phénomène des GCs et ses impacts par la rupture physico-spatiale, et par la ségrégation socio-spatiale sur le territoire urbain et suburbain. Notre champ d’expérimentation est la CMM. Cependant, une revue critique de la littérature sur le phénomène dans quatre territoires des pays suivants : au Canada, dans l’Ouest canadien, en France, dans l’Île-de-France, au Mexique, dans la région métropolitaine de Puebla et aux États-Unis à Los Angeles, nous a permis de tirer des conclusions en matière de définition et de divergence. La définition des GCs selon la littérature actuelle est très restreinte, elle exclut d’autres types enclos qui ne se renferment pas avec leurs clôtures, mais beaucoup plus avec leurs formes urbaines semi-fermées. Ces derniers types nous l’avions destinée à une nouvelle désignation : enclaves résidentielles introverties (ERI). Cela est après avoir réfuté la désignation d'« enclave résidentielle » utilisée par les auteurs francophones. Cette dernière n’est pas précise, elle inclut notamment tous les ensembles résidentiels qui se distinguent avec leur style individualisé par apport à leurs alentours, voire même si leur forme urbaine est ouverte. En outre, nous voulons démontrer que ces formes urbaines semi-fermées sont vraiment des lacunes au niveau des ententes conclues entre la ville (autorité locale) et les promoteurs au Québec. Ces formes urbaines sont en antinomie avec les principes du développement durable. Elles rendent la possibilité d’offrir un transport écologique impossible, leur structure est irréversible sauf si l'on va recourir à la démolition de certaines maisons pour désenclaver l’ensemble. Ces lotissements semi-fermés empêchent la circulation en éliminant la connexion de leurs rues intérieures avec le reste des voies passantes qui tissent le tissu urbain toutes autour. Parfois le panneau « cul-de-sac » garantit l’exclusivité des rues intérieures de l’ensemble résidentiel. Cette forme urbaine encourage les déplacements massifs en automobile vers les lieux de travail, étant donné qu'elle est localisée souvent loin des voies desservies par le transport en commun. En outre, cette forme semi-fermée complique l’intervention des pompiers en cas d’incendie. / This research focuses on the validation of our hypothesis which states that residential introversion in the metropolitan community of Montreal (MCM) is only the last step of residential closure. These developments are taking other forms of enclosure which differ from the design of American gated communities (GCs). These communities are characterized by the enclosure, private governance, policing through video surveillance and the marking of entry by gates. The introverted enclosure is achieved by the urban form semi-closed of residential development. However, these enclaves are like the model of closed developments in Île-de-France. This later is characterized by the uncontrolled progression to closed residential development (Paquot, 2009). Precisely, we shall study the typo-morphology of the phenomenon of GCs and their impacts of physical rupture and social-space segregation of urban and suburban territory. Our area of experimentation is the MCM, however, a criticized review of literature that analyses the phenomenon in four countries (the Canadian West; Île-de-France, France; Puebla, Mexico; and Los Angeles, United States of America) allowed us to draw conclusions regarding the divergence of definitions. The definition of GCs according to the current literature is very limited. It excludes other types of residential closing that are not characterised by their fences, but more with their semi-enclosed urban forms. So, we have refuting the label of "residential enclave" used by French authors, and then we have assigned these types a new designation: introverted residential enclaves (IRE). Our resentment is that the term of enclave residential is not precise: it includes the residential development that stands out with individual style by contributing to its surroundings, even if the urban form is open. Furthermore, we show that these semi-enclosed urban forms are indeed gaps in conventions between the local authorities and developers in Quebec. These urban forms are in contradiction with the principles of sustainable development. They imped the possibility of providing an ecological transport. Their structure is irreversible, without the demolition of certain houses in order to open up the whole. These shapes prevent also pedestrian traffic. Sometimes the panel "cul-de-sac" guarantees exclusivity of internal streets to their resident. / Plusieurs logiciels utilisés dans la réalisation des pièces graphiques incluses dans ce mémoire : ArcGIS 10; Autocad 2012; GIS Consortium de la Ville de Chicago; PowerPoint 2010, Photoshop... etc. Notre recherche est la première et la seule qui aborde le phénomène de l'introversion résidentielle au Québec. Elle se focalise sur le postulat de la représentation du phénomène de l’introversion résidentielle autant qu’une forme urbaine fermée ou semi-fermée d’une descendance accouplée aux GCs étatsuniennes. De la gated community américaine vers l’enclave francilienne, à l’introversion résidentielle montréalaise. À l'aide de notre analyse typo-morphologique, basée principalement sur la théorie de Rossi (1966), nous avons dévoilé sur un nouveau fait urbain qui existe dans la communauté métropolitaine de Montréal. Nous l'avions désigné par : enclaves résidentielles introverties (ERI).

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