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The effects of contextual constraints on meaning selection in the mental lexiconMadden, Carol Joy. Zwaan, Rolf A. January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Dr. Rolf A. Zwaan, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology. Title and description from dissertation home page (June 18, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.
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Epidemiology of representations : an empirical approach / Epidemiology of representations : an empirical approach / Epidemiología de las representaciones : un enfoque empíricoLerique, Sébastien 27 October 2017 (has links)
Nous proposons une contribution empirique aux tentatives récentes d'unification des sciences cognitives et des sciences sociales.La Théorie de l'Attraction Culturelle (CAT) propose de s'atteler à des questions interdisciplinaires en utilisant une ontologie commune faite de représentations.D'après la CAT, malgré des transformations au niveau micro, la distribution globale des représentations peut rester stable grâce à des attracteurs culturels.Cette hypothèse est difficile à tester, mais les technologies du web permettent de combiner les avantages des techniques existantes pour étendre le champ des études possibles.Nous présentons deux études de cas sur de courts énoncés écrits.La première examine les changements que des citations subissent lorsqu'elles sont copiées en ligne.En combinant psycholinguistique et fouille de données, nous montrons que les substitutions de mots sont cohérentes avec l'hypothèse des attracteurs culturels, et avec les effets connus de variables lexicales.La deuxième étude étend ces résultats, et utilise une expérience web permettant de récolter des chaînes de transmission de qualité et en grande quantité.En étendant un algorithme bioinformatique, nous décomposons les transformations en des opérations plus simples, et proposons un premier modèle descriptif du processus qui relie les connaissances psycholinguistiques sur la transformation de phrases aux tendances de haut niveau identifiées dans la littérature sur l'évolution culturelle.Enfin, nous montrons que la compréhension de l'évolution de telles représentations nécessite une théorie du sens des énoncés, une tâche pour laquelle nous explorons les approches empiriques possibles. / We propose an empirical contribution to recent attempts to unify cognitive science and social science.We focus on Cultural Attraction Theory (CAT), a framework that proposes a common ontology made of representations for cognitive and social science to address interdisciplinary questions.CAT hypothesizes that in spite of important transformations at the micro-level, the overall distribution of representations remains stable due to dynamical attractors.Testing this hypothesis is challenging and existing approaches have several shortcomings.Yet, by taking advantage of web technologies one can combine the advantages of existing techniques to expand the range of possible empirical studies.We develop two case studies to show this with short written utterances.The first examines transformations that quotations undergo as they are propagated online.By connecting data mining tools with psycholinguistics, we show that word substitutions in quotations are consistent with the hypothesis of cultural attractors and with known effects of lexical features.The second case study expands these results, and makes use of a purposefully developed web experiment to gather quality transmission chain data sets.By extending a bioinformatics alignment algorithm, we decompose transformations into simpler operations, and propose a first descriptive model which relates psycholinguistic knowledge of sentence transformation to evolutionary trends elicited in the cultural evolution literature.Finally, we show that further understanding the evolution of such representations requires an account of meaning in context, a task for which we flesh out possible empirical approaches.
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Kvinnors upplevelse av att leva med bröstcancer : En studie baserad på självbiografier / Women´s experience of living with breast cancer : A study based on autobiographiesGreen, Jolina, Marthinsson, Frida January 2020 (has links)
Bakgrund: Tidigare forskning visar att insjukna i bröstcancer påverkar hela individens livsvärld, vilket ställer höga krav på sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsarbete. Det behövs fler studier som visar hur dessa individer upplever sin situation. Syfte: Att belysa kvinnors upplevelse av att leva med bröstcancer.Metod: En kvalitativ studie baserad på fem självbiografier med induktiv ansats har använts. Materialet analyserades med hjälp av en manifest innehållsanalys.Resultat: Analysprocessen resulterade i nio underkategorier och tre huvudkategorier; En utveckling av copingstrategier, En oviss framtid och En känsla av trygghet. Resultatet visade att en bröstcancerdiagnos påverkade kvinnans liv drastiskt och att cancerbeskedet var chockartat. Behandlingen och dess biverkningar upplevdes som påfrestande både kroppsligt och mentalt. Genom olika strategier klarade kvinnorna att hantera sin vardag. Behovet av att prata med någon och dela med sig till andra var centralt hos kvinnorna och minskade känslan av ensamhet. Resultatet visade också att ovissheten inför framtiden var känsloladdad och därför hade stödet från närstående och vården en betydande roll under deras sjukdomstid.Slutsats: Kvinnornas upplevelse av att leva med bröstcancer påverkar livsvärlden negativt, både kroppsligt och mentalt. Sjuksköterskan har en central roll under hela sjukdomsperioden, där engagemang, lyhördhet och bemötande är betydelsefullt. Omvårdnadsarbetet bör därför utgå från ett helhetsperspektiv för att skapa en professionell vårdrelation som stärker kvinnans livskvalitet, hälsa och trygghet. Vidare forskning behövs för att få en djupare förståelse och kompetens bland annat kring hur bröstcancerbehandlade kvinnors sexualitet påverkas samt hur man kan stärka olika former av stöd för de mest sårbara kvinnorna. / Background: Previous research shows that breast cancer affects the individual’s entire world, which places high demands on the nurse´s health care efforts. More studies are needed that show how these individuals perceive their situation.Objective: To highlight women’s experience of living with breast cancer.Method: A qualitative study based on five autobiographies with inductive approach has been used. The material was analyzed using a manifest content analysis.Results: The analysis process resulted in nine subcategories and three main categories; A development of coping strategies, An uncertain future and A sense of security. The results showed that a breast cancer diagnosis drastically affected the woman’s life and that the cancer notification was distressing. The treatment and its side effects were perceived as stressful both physically and mentally. Through various strategies, the women managed to maintain their everyday lives. The need to talk to someone and share with others was central to the women and reduced the feeling of loneliness. The results also showed that uncertainty for the future was emotionally charged and therefore the support of relatives and health professionals played a significant role during their illness.Conclusion: The women’s experience of living with breast cancer negatively affects her world, both physically and mentally. The nurse plays a central role throughout the illness period, where commitment, responsiveness and attentiveness are important. Nursing work should therefore be based on a comprehensive perspective in order to create a professional care relationship that strengthens a woman’s quality of life, health and safety. Further research is needed to gain a deeper understanding and competence about how breast cancer-treated women’s sexuality is affected and how to strengthen different forms of support for the most vulnerable women.
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