The South African newspaper industry has not changed much over the past fifteen years since democracy. Although the government has with very good intentions declared that the media, and especially the print media, should be accessible to all the people of the country, it has not materialised and most of the media is still focused on one or the other group of the population only. The government also involved the big media companies, when they implemented the Media, Development and Diversity Agency (MDDA), in an attempt to try to communicate with all the people of the country, especially people in the rural areas, via print media and community radio. This meant that the big role players, together with government, contributed financially to a fund, from which the grassroots newspapers and community radio stations would be funded and developed. It was a good idea that has since lost most of the initial mission and vision through bad management, but mostly because the MDDA became a politicised agency. The future of the independent media is still in the balance because of other factors in the market. These factors include the total control that the bigger media companies have over the associations, forums, printing and other bodies that control or has an input in the running of the media in South Africa. The study that was undertaken had the primary objective of establishing an understanding of the newspaper industry in South Africa, by analysing and identifying the type of industry market structure it has taken on. The study also has the secondary objectives to identify the role players in the South African newspaper industry and the influence and control they have,in the market. The survey also aims to identify some problems and challenges facing the independent newspaper industry in South Africa and to provide recommendations on how to improve the problems that the independently owned newspapers face in the market. A study of this kind has never been done in South Africa and it therefore made it imperative, that most of the information that was used was obtained via self initiated questionnaires, interviews and investigations. A literature study was done to give the necessary background on market structures and their different characteristics in analysing the South African media industry. An analysis study was done using the internet, journals, articles and other material that were available, to obtain the necessary information regarding the current structures and role players in the South African newspaper industry. This study will show that nothing much has changed in the media structures in South Africa over the past fifteen years. This study can also be used by people to do further investigation into certain areas of the media. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

The South African newspaper industry has not changed much over the past fifteen years since democracy. Although the government has with very good intentions declared that the media, and especially the print media, should be accessible to all the people of the country, it has not materialised and most of the media is still focused on one or the other group of the population only. The government also involved the big media companies, when they implemented the Media, Development and Diversity Agency (MDDA), in an attempt to try to communicate with all the people of the country, especially people in the rural areas, via print media and community radio. This meant that the big role players, together with government, contributed financially to a fund, from which the grassroots newspapers and community radio stations would be funded and developed. It was a good idea that has since lost most of the initial mission and vision through bad management, but mostly because the MDDA became a politicised agency. The future of the independent media is still in the balance because of other factors in the market. These factors include the total control that the bigger media companies have over the associations, forums, printing and other bodies that control or has an input in the running of the media in South Africa. The study that was undertaken had the primary objective of establishing an understanding of the newspaper industry in South Africa, by analysing and identifying the type of industry market structure it has taken on. The study also has the secondary objectives to identify the role players in the South African newspaper industry and the influence and control they have,in the market. The survey also aims to identify some problems and challenges facing the independent newspaper industry in South Africa and to provide recommendations on how to improve the problems that the independently owned newspapers face in the market. A study of this kind has never been done in South Africa and it therefore made it imperative, that most of the information that was used was obtained via self initiated questionnaires, interviews and investigations. A literature study was done to give the necessary background on market structures and their different characteristics in analysing the South African media industry. An analysis study was done using the internet, journals, articles and other material that were available, to obtain the necessary information regarding the current structures and role players in the South African newspaper industry. This study will show that nothing much has changed in the media structures in South Africa over the past fifteen years. This study can also be used by people to do further investigation into certain areas of the media. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

Media industry has been through various changes in past two decades due to technological advancement, merger and acquisition. Also, privatization and de-regulation took places throughout of 1980s, which has caused various changes and provided opportunities for the media industries. This thesis aims to find out the financial performance of two media companies in Taiwan whilst such changes and opportunities took place and also to highlight whether so call “synergy” created through diversification, mergers and acquisitions provides real financial incentives and whether public interests are the sacrifice of such financial incentives and highlight the legal framework which affects the media industry in Taiwan. The media industry covers a wide range of businesses, it is almost everything we live with; technological changes made the boundaries between media blurry and common trend of convergence occurred and this has a strong social impact of who is really controlling the information that is provided through the different media. Therefore, the analysis of content control in the media industry will be evaluated with reference to the theories of public interests. Furthermore, conglomeration becomes a phenomenon from 1990’s when many industries consolidated in the economic downturns. Especially, in the USA and Europe, media industries were soon riding the wave of the phenomenon from more than a hundred companies reduced to less than a handful of the gigantic big six media corporations. On the other hand, Taiwan’s media companies are also dominated by a few big business conglomerates and two of them have substantial business interests in the media industry. The two media companies under the two biggest conglomerates in Taiwan are chosen to examine their financial performance and using statistical tool to forecast its key ratios. Keywords Media industry, Synergy, Public interests, Conglomerates, Convergence, Social impact, Business integration, media regulation, Media democracy, global media.

<p> </p><p><strong>Introduction and research question: </strong>In the global media field, global expansion has become more common and is a way for media companies to reach out to a broader audience. Both advantages and disadvantages come with a global expansion and there are several cultural differences that have to be considered. This thesis will deal with the cultural differences and discuss how a Swedish media company efficiently goes about establishing in Vietnam. This leads us to this thesis' research question: How does a Swedish media company succeed in Vietnam?</p><p> </p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This thesis' purpose is to find out what media companies do to successfully acclimate to the Vietnamese culture and the important aspects of the cultural differences to consider.</p><p><strong>Delimitation: </strong>In order to present a thesis with greater depth and acquire a deeper understanding, the study is limited to examine Swedish media companies and what intercultural aspects are important to consider when establishing in Vietnam.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Method:</strong> The research we have done is based on interviews, which we thought could give us the accurate information and a good base to stand on. We have interviewed five people who, in different ways, have something to do with Vietnam's media or intercultural communication. The interview question is based on the information we have found in the theory chapter. The interviews gave us a deeper understanding about the subject and lead to interesting answers that could help us answer our research question.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> There are many things a company needs to think about when setting up an establishment in a new county. In our study we have found out the differences between Vietnam and Sweden and we have examined the most suitable way for a company to communicate with the market in Vietnam. This thesis can be seen as a guideline for media companies in Sweden that are going to expand their organization to the Vietnamese market.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>intercultural communication, Vietnam, global expansion, media companies, foreign establishment</p><p> </p><p> </p>

Introduction and research question: In the global media field, global expansion has become more common and is a way for media companies to reach out to a broader audience. Both advantages and disadvantages come with a global expansion and there are several cultural differences that have to be considered. This thesis will deal with the cultural differences and discuss how a Swedish media company efficiently goes about establishing in Vietnam. This leads us to this thesis' research question: How does a Swedish media company succeed in Vietnam?   Purpose: This thesis' purpose is to find out what media companies do to successfully acclimate to the Vietnamese culture and the important aspects of the cultural differences to consider. Delimitation: In order to present a thesis with greater depth and acquire a deeper understanding, the study is limited to examine Swedish media companies and what intercultural aspects are important to consider when establishing in Vietnam.   Method: The research we have done is based on interviews, which we thought could give us the accurate information and a good base to stand on. We have interviewed five people who, in different ways, have something to do with Vietnam's media or intercultural communication. The interview question is based on the information we have found in the theory chapter. The interviews gave us a deeper understanding about the subject and lead to interesting answers that could help us answer our research question.   Conclusion: There are many things a company needs to think about when setting up an establishment in a new county. In our study we have found out the differences between Vietnam and Sweden and we have examined the most suitable way for a company to communicate with the market in Vietnam. This thesis can be seen as a guideline for media companies in Sweden that are going to expand their organization to the Vietnamese market.   Keywords: intercultural communication, Vietnam, global expansion, media companies, foreign establishment

The more leadership you get, the more power you will receive. Unfortunately, not everyone is given the same opportunities. This can be seen and proved on the basis of studies in media companies. Our purpose concerns attitudes towards female leadership in Moscow, Russia. This thesis was based on two study methods, qualitative interviews and observations. The respondents in our study were divided into three groups,students, media teachers and a media company. The study focused on subject areas suchas female leadership today, the future of female leadership, creative leadership, political and historical influences, Russian leader style as well as the existence of the glass-ceiling.Our conclusion is that Russia is not ready for a female leadership, mainly because of their historical context.

<p>The more leadership you get, the more power you will receive. Unfortunately, not everyone is given the same opportunities. This can be seen and proved on the basis of studies in media companies. Our purpose concerns attitudes towards female leadership in Moscow, Russia. This thesis was based on two study methods, qualitative interviews and observations. The respondents in our study were divided into three groups,students, media teachers and a media company. The study focused on subject areas suchas female leadership today, the future of female leadership, creative leadership, political</p><p>and historical influences, Russian leader style as well as the existence of the glass-ceiling.Our conclusion is that Russia is not ready for a female leadership, mainly because of their historical context.</p>

The dissertation analyses changes in the role of editors-in-chief in ten leading Norwegian and Swedish media houses – today owned by either Bonnier or Schibsted – in light of the potential tensions between journalistic ideals and market demands. This duality is studied over a period of 30 years, from 1985 to 2015. The most defining changes in the structural framework under which editors-in-chief work are the ongoing technological revolution, the transformation from an analogue into a digital society, and structural, economic changes related to this development. Methodologically, the study builds on data from qualitative in-depth interviews, mainly with 33 past and present editors-in-chief. It also contains a study of how the role of editors-in-chief has been reported and discussed in the magazines of two media branch organisations. The changing role of editors-in-chief is analysed within an institutional perspective. The main empirical results are as follows: (1) Owners and company management have considered the recruitment of editors-in-chief to be highly important throughout the period, and they have used their influence actively. Internal recruitment processes are a standard procedure. Very few of those chosen are women; men recruit other men. The last decade shows a recruitment process becoming more centralized and professionalized. (2) Most editors-in-chief represented in the study have a background in the newsroom. This has traditionally been the main qualification. (3) Regular meetings have structured most of the working hours for editors-in-chief. From an institutional perspective, meetings have played a norm-setting and ritualised role. During the last decade, some of those meetings have included not only journalists but also employees from other departments. (4) Those respondents who were active during the last period investigated perceive the increased speed of work on a daily basis and the more complex editorial role as the main changes and challenges. (5) Many of the respondents are so-called ‘silent’ editors. Due to a lack of time, they do not write much in their own papers. Lately, this has changed to some extent, especially among Swedish editors. This finding is one of the major differences between Norwegian and Swedish editors-in-chief. (6) Editors are still responsible for journalistic content, but demands on the part of commercial management have gradually become more important, and strategic decisions have become more centralized. The metaphor about the need to balance the demands of the ‘Marketplace and Cathedral’ has been replaced by the metaphor ‘We are all in the same boat’. The journalistic institution is under pressure. (7) Despite the immense technological and economic changes in the business and in the structural framework, there is also stability in the role due to the robust nature of journalism as an institution. The role of editor-in-chief is complex, and during the last 30 years, it has become even more so. The structural conditions have affected the role in various ways. While the basic tasks of editors-in-chief remain rooted in editorial work, downsizing and market demands have simultaneously undermined the autonomy and power of editors-in-chief, especially in relation to central media group management.

Le discours de promotion des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) s'est traduit, entre autres, par une approche technocentriste du développement de la presse, faisant de l'usage de ces dispositifs techniques la norme universelle de tout progrès, dans ce secteur d'activité. Assisterait-on, aujourd'hui, à un nivellement des pratiques journalistiques, dans toutes les sociétés humaines, où les TIC auraient été introduites dans les activités de la presse ? Refusant de nous enfermer dans le carcan diffusionniste des techniques, nous avons orienté notre étude sur l'analyse de la relation entre la presse et ses publics, en la circonscrivant dans les procès de collecte et de traitement de l'information, au niveau de la presse congolaise. L'analyse révèle une inconciliabilité de perspectives, entre la promotion des TIC et le développement d'une presse évoluant dans un contexte de dépendance politique, où le champ de l'action politique se présente comme l'unique instance de construction sociale du sens. Ce contexte a induit un procès de médiatisation exclusive, consistant en la couverture quasi exclusive des opinions relevant de l'élite politique au pouvoir. Le déploiement de ce procès cristallise ainsi l'appropriation professionnelle des TIC autour des logiques sociales de la communication, où la construction de l'information de presse se conçoit comme une simple opération de valorisation de la parole de l'élite politique. Dès lors, la presse congolaise, évoluant dans un tel contexte, paraît encore inapte à toute forme d'innovation économique et professionnelle significative, que l'usage des TIC est censé accompagner. Ce constat contraste avec ce que l'on observe au niveau d'une presse française, par exemple, évoluant dans un contexte sociopolitique libéral, où les TIC accompagnent déjà des innovations organisationnelles et des pratiques journalistiques, qui se traduisent par la mobilisation des stratégies de coopétition, entre les médias dits « traditionnels » et les « nouveaux » acteurs de l'information et de la communication. / Promoting information technology and communication (ICT) has induced among other things, a technocentric approach in the development of the press, making the use of these technical devices as the universal norm for all progress in this business segment. Therefore, it raises the question in knowing if we attend today, a leveling of journalistic practices in all human societies, where ICT has been introduced in the press activities. Refusing to be locked in the diffusion of techniques ideology, we focused our study on the analysis of the relationship between the press and public, limiting this relationship in the process of collecting and processing of information, in the Congolese press. The analysis reveals an irreconcilability of perspectives, between the promotion of ICT and the development of media, operating in a context of political dependence, where the field of political action is presented as the unique authority in the social construction of meaning. This context leads to a process of the exclusive media coverage, consisting in almost exclusive media coverage of political elite opinions. The deployment of this process is crystallizing the professional appropriation of ICT around social logics of communication, where the construction of press information is conceived as a simple valorization of the political elite opinions. Therefore, the Congolese press, operating in such a context, still seems incapable of any significant form of economic and professional innovation that the use of ICT is supposed to accompany. This finding contrasts with what is observed in a French press, for example, operating in a liberal sociopolitical context, where ICT is already accompanying organizational innovations and journalistic practices, which results in the mobilization of coopetition strategies, between "traditional" media and "new" operators in the field of information and communication.

Social media has become a natural part of modern society and consumers expect to be able to tailor their online experience, their interaction with other consumers and their media intake. With the rise of digital social platforms, traditional media companies are facing a new media landscape in which they can no longer maintain traditional distribution methods but instead must rely on external actors. Through a qualitative method based on semi-structured interviews, document analysis and participatory observations, this study examines the given situation and how traditional media companies can leverage opportunities and challenges of digital social platforms whose development they have limited control over. The study suggests that the challenges of digital social platforms cannot be eliminated due to the differentiating goals between traditional media companies and social media actors, however, with the implementation of sensitizing concepts, they can be minimized. Thus, resulting in an applicable leveraging process which can be used regardless of the current media landscape.