Seres humanos com danos nos corpos mamilares exibem prejuízos no funcionamento da memória episódica. O presente estudo investigou a possível participação do núcleo mamilar medial (MM), estrutura densamente inervada por fibras imunorreativas ao hormônio concentrador de melanina (MCH) potencialmente envolvida no comportamento alimentar, em processos de evocação de memórias sobre locais em que alimento foi previamente encontrado, em ratos. Investigou-se ainda seu envolvimento na memória espacial motivada aversivamente, por meio do labirinto aquático de Morris, e em processos de ansiedade, por meio do labirinto em cruz elevado. Descreve-se uma tarefa comportamental envolvendo busca alimentar orientada por memória espacial em ratos, funcionalmente análoga ao teste de aprendizagem de pares associados, utilizado para avaliar memória episódica em seres humanos. Ratos treinados a escavar numa arena para obter alimento foram expostos ao pareamento de um determinado sabor, e.g., amendoim, com um local da arena e, numa segunda tentativa, ao pareamento de um outro sabor, e.g., avelã, com um local diferente da mesma arena. Antes de uma terceira tentativa, ainda na caixa de espera, os animais receberam uma amostra de amendoim ou avelã. Então, inseridos na arena para uma terceira tentativa, deveriam procurar e escavar por alimento enterrado no local sinalizado pela amostra. As associações sabor-local, a seqüência das associações, os locais do pareamento e a amostra oferecida antes da terceira tentativa, variaram quase aleatoriamente a cada dia. O treinamento dos animais para a aquisição da tarefa foi prolongado. O número de visitas e o tempo de permanência no local da arena sinalizado pela amostra foram significativamente maiores em relação aos parâmetros correspondentes ao local pareado com alimento mas não sinalizado pela amostra, quando o intervalo de tempo entre a 2ª e 3ª tentativas foi 60 ou 120 minutos; Testes de Avaliação sem oferta de alimento na arena na 3ª tentativa, permitiram excluir a hipótese de que os animais desempenharam essa tarefa com base em estímulos olfativos, levando à conclusão que o fizeram com base na memória das associações sabor-local. Ratos com danos seletivos do MM, induzidos pela aplicação tópica, micro-iontoforética, de N-Metil-D-Aspartato (NMDA), testados na tarefa de pares associados sabor-local, não exibiram prejuízo de desempenho em relação aos animais controle. Análises adicionais revelaram que houve uma redução da busca por alimento em ambos os grupos (lesado e controle) nos testes pós-operatórios, em relação ao seu próprio desempenho nos testes pré-operatórios; porém, essa redução foi mais acentuada em relação ao local sinalizado pela amostra, particularmente nos animais do grupo lesado. Estes resultados, embora não conclusivos, podem representar indícios em favor da idéia de que o MM estaria envolvido numa circuitaria relacionada à memória espacial voltada à busca alimentar. Mais estudos seriam necessários para avaliar essa possibilidade. Além disso, esses animais não exibiram qualquer prejuízo no teste de memória de referência espacial no labirinto aquático de Morris e no paradigma do teste e re-teste no labirinto em cruz elevado, sugerindo que esse tipo de lesão não leva a deficiência no funcionamento da memória espacial motivada por estimulação aversiva, na memória aversiva por espaços abertos ou nos mecanismos responsáveis pela ansiedade. / Human beings with damage to the mammillary bodies exhibit episodic memory disruption. This study investigated the potential participation of the medial mammillary nucleus (MM), a structure that receives a high density of melaninconcentrating hormone immunoreactive fibers (MCH) potentially involved in food intake, in processes of retrieval of memory about places where food was previously found, in rats. In addition, we investigated the possible involvement of this brain structure in both aversively motivated spatial memory, using the Morris´ water maze, and in anxiety, using the elevated plus maze. A behavioral task involving search for food guided by spatial memory, in rats, functionally analogous to the paired-associate learning task used for studying episodic memory in humans, was described. Rats trained to dig for food in an arena were exposed both to the pairing of a taste, peanut, with a specific place in the arena and, in a second trial, to the pairing of another taste, hazelnut, with another place in the arena. Immediately before a third trial, while still in the waiting box, the animals received a sample of either peanut or hazelnut. Then, they were inserted into the arena for a third trial and could search and dig for food buried in the place previously associated with the sample. The taste-place associations, sequence of associations, pairing places and sample offered before the third trial, were all varied quasi-randomly every day. The animals took extensive training to learn this task. It was found that the number of visits and the time spent in the place indicated by the sample were significantly greater as compared to the corresponding parameters of the place previously associated with a taste but not indicated by the sample, when the time interval between the second and the third trials was both 60 and 120 min; probe tests with no food in the arena in the third trial allowed to exclude the hypothesis that the rats were performing the task relying on olfactory cues, leading to the conclusion that the animals performed the task relying on the memory for the associations tastefood. Rats with selective damage to the MM, induced by topic, microiontophoretic, injections of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA), tested in the taste-place pairedassociate learning task, did not exhibit any disruption of performance relative to the controls. Additional analyses revealed that both MM and control subjects exhibited a reduction of food search during the post-operatory tests as compared to their own performance in pre-operatory tests; however, this reduction was stronger towards the place indicated by the sample, particularly for the animals subjected to MM damage. Even though not conclusive, these results may suggest that the MM might be involved in search for food guided by spatial memory. More studies would be required to evaluate this possibility. Further, these rats did not exhibit any disruption of performance in the reference memory test in the water maze and in the test/re-test elevated plus maze, suggesting that this type of damage does not disrupt aversively motivated spatial memory, open-space aversive memory and anxiety.

Keywords music, immigration, asylum seekers in Czech republic, theatre, audience, medial mening, performance, xenofoby, globalization, postmodernism, cultural antropology, cultural and medial studies, semiotics Summary The aim of this thesis is describe and analyse a music, which cohere with refugees and the other forms of immigration in Czech republic. Concretely is about the music, which originate from Archa Theatre. This theatre is few years attending to the theme of immigration and refugees. The aim of this thesis is analyse the concept of "refugee music" created by Archa Theatre. In this music performance cooperate the asylum seekers and the czech and foreign professional artists altogether. I want to describe for what reason this music concept was created, how this artistically cooperation is proceeding, which meaning the particular musicians consider in this concept and which meaning of this music should be adress to audience. Simultaneously this music is set in the context of the complex artistic production with immigration themes of Archa Theatre. The another intention of this thesis is to show, which meanings of this music and the relative artistic production find the audience. I analyse in which way the audience is influenced with this production and also if is possible in this way to form the...

The thesis "Medial muck-raking of sexual affairs in the Church in Czech press in spring 2010" through the use of medial ruts, stereotypes and logic, inquires into medial texts from the springtime 2010, which have referenced to sexual affairs in Catholic Church. Based on medial theories (gatekeeping, social construction of reality, agenda setting etc.) the thesis follows up the reflection of the theme and specifics of media discourse. This view is complemented with interviews with members of the Church, which give the thesis out-of- media extent. Qualitative part of the thesis takes sexual affairs in Church as illustrative theme, which is meant in connection with the Roman Catholic Church reflected by Czech media. The thesis also attempts to generalize the actual medial reflection of the Church on the background of current medial trends. It tries to offer a way how to improve the relationship between two part of culture - media and the Roman Catholic Church. To put the thesis into context it will be provided with information about history of the Roman Catolic Church and relationship of Czech society to matters of the church, because it determinates perception of medial news about this theme.

This diploma thesis is an addition to the discussion on media literacy development, which also deals with the effectiveness of children's education via a television program. The work offers a brief content overview of public broadcasting television channel ČT:D, focusing on shows that enlighten the viewers about facts from various fields (which are thus regarded educational). The television program Wifina is described in detail and is the center of later research. The first part of this document defines the factors that affect reception of information from television broadcast. The thesis introduces different variations of key media literacy concepts, including the specific way they are handled in the Czech setting. The objective of this work is to determine, whether the show Wifina enhances development of media literacy through its content, and whether this content helps to broaden general knowledge and education of the viewers. Based on content analysis of the program and subsequent qualitative comparative analysis of two groups of children - viewers and non-viewers - the author ascertains, whether Wifina educates its viewers about media-related subjects, as well as other areas. Evaluation of the research offers not only specific cases of broadcast (non-)affected viewers, but also a debate on...

Elizabeth Bath Inc. is one of the biggest spa facilities in the Czech Republic. The target of the graduation theses is the analyses, evaluation and proposal of reformative arrangements in connection with the marketing of Elizabeth Bath, especially with the focus on communication in marketing. Within the instrument of the marketing mix is the detailed focus orientated on advertising and its importance for the Elizabeth Bath. The end of the graduation theses is composed of a chapter related to the advertising of the Elizabeth Bath including the company's marketing plan and the medial plan for the year 2011. There is a possibility to meet with the new products, prepared events or the communication resources of the company in the year 2011.

Komplexe kognitive Funktionen wie Gedächtnisbildung, Navigation und Entscheidungsprozesse hängen von der Kommunikation zwischen Hippocampus und Neokortex ab. An der Schnittstelle dieser beiden Gehirnregionen liegt der entorhinale Kortex - ein Areal, das Neurone mit bemerkenswerten räumlichen Repräsentationen enthält: Gitterzellen. Gitterzellen sind Neurone, die abhängig von der Position eines Tieres in seiner Umgebung feuern und deren Feuerfelder ein dreieckiges Muster bilden. Man vermutet, dass Gitterzellen Navigation und räumliches Gedächtnis unterstützen, aber die Mechanismen, die diese Muster erzeugen, sind noch immer unbekannt. In dieser Dissertation untersuche ich mathematische Modelle neuronaler Schaltkreise, um die Entstehung, Weitervererbung und Verstärkung von Gitterzellaktivität zu erklären. Zuerst konzentriere ich mich auf die Entstehung von Gittermustern. Ich folge der Idee, dass periodische Repräsentationen des Raumes durch Konkurrenz zwischen dauerhaft aktiven, räumlichen Inputs und der Tendenz eines Neurons, durchgängiges Feuern zu vermeiden, entstehen könnten. Aufbauend auf vorangegangenen theoretischen Arbeiten stelle ich ein Einzelzell-Modell vor, das gitterartige Aktivität allein durch räumlich-irreguläre Inputs, Feuerratenadaptation und Hebbsche synaptische Plastizität erzeugt. Im zweiten Teil der Dissertation untersuche ich den Einfluss von Netzwerkdynamik auf das Gitter-Tuning. Ich zeige, dass Gittermuster zwischen neuronalen Populationen weitervererbt werden können und dass sowohl vorwärts gerichtete als auch rekurrente Verbindungen die Regelmäßigkeit von räumlichen Feuermustern verbessern können. Schließlich zeige ich, dass eine entsprechende Konnektivität, die diese Funktionen unterstützt, auf unüberwachte Weise entstehen könnte. Insgesamt trägt diese Arbeit zu einem besseren Verständnis der Prinzipien der neuronalen Repräsentation des Raumes im medialen entorhinalen Kortex bei. / High-level cognitive abilities such as memory, navigation, and decision making rely on the communication between the hippocampal formation and the neocortex. At the interface between these two brain regions is the entorhinal cortex, a multimodal association area where neurons with remarkable representations of self-location have been discovered: the grid cells. Grid cells are neurons that fire according to the position of an animal in its environment and whose firing fields form a periodic triangular pattern. Grid cells are thought to support animal's navigation and spatial memory, but the cellular mechanisms that generate their tuning are still unknown. In this thesis, I study computational models of neural circuits to explain the emergence, inheritance, and amplification of grid-cell activity. In the first part of the thesis, I focus on the initial formation of grid-cell tuning. I embrace the idea that periodic representations of space could emerge via a competition between persistently-active spatial inputs and the reluctance of a neuron to fire for long stretches of time. Building upon previous theoretical work, I propose a single-cell model that generates grid-like activity solely form spatially-irregular inputs, spike-rate adaptation, and Hebbian synaptic plasticity. In the second part of the thesis, I study the inheritance and amplification of grid-cell activity. Motivated by the architecture of entorhinal microcircuits, I investigate how feed-forward and recurrent connections affect grid-cell tuning. I show that grids can be inherited across neuronal populations, and that both feed-forward and recurrent connections can improve the regularity of spatial firing. Finally, I show that a connectivity supporting these functions could self-organize in an unsupervised manner. Altogether, this thesis contributes to a better understanding of the principles governing the neuronal representation of space in the medial entorhinal cortex.

Zunehmend mehr Beweise aus der sozialen Neurowissenschaft deuten darauf hin, dass der mediale präfrontale Cortex (mPFC) eine entscheidende neurale Komponente in der Verarbeitung von sozialem Ereigniswissen ist. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt eine integrative Theorie der kognitiven und neuronalen Grundlagen von sozialem Ereigniswissen vor. Die „Structural and Temporal Representation Binding“ (STRing) Theorie postuliert, dass der mPFC abstrakte dynamische summarische Repräsentationen in Form von Ereignissimulatoren speichert, die Wissen über soziale Abläufe mittles Einbinding von Regionen im posterioren Cortex und limbischen System generieren. Neurowissenschaftliche Befunde für die Differenzierung von Simulatorenfunktionen entlang der dorso-ventralen Achse des mPFC werden diskutiert und die Spezifität der Simuatoren für die Entwicklung von Ereignis-, Personen, und Selbst-Schemata dargestellt. / Accumulating evidence from social neuroscience research demonstrates that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a crucial neural component in the processing of social event knowledge. This work proposes an integrative theory of the cognitive and neural bases of social event knowledge. The structural and temporal representation binding (STRing) theory assumes that the mPFC represents abstract dynamic summary representations in the form of event simulators, which give rise to social event knowledge via binding with regions in the posterior cerebral cortex and limbic system. Neuroscience findings for the segregation of simulator functions along the dorso-ventral mPFC axis will be discussed and the specificity of simulators for the development of event, person, and self schemata will be demonstrated.

This thesis deals with designing of reality during the Ice Hockey World Championship 2011 in Bratislava, for which Robert Zaruba devised a unique project built on the myth of friendship and cohesion of the Czechs and the Slovaks.The theoretical basis of this work is the social construction of reality, according to which the reality in our minds is shaped by society. In the analysis of the structure of the broadcast channel CT 4, I am trying to find out how much does ice hockey push on viewer's mind and what is the amount of the Czech Republic and Slovakia national teams involvement. As a means of construction and reconstruction of the fictional world, the world created by its author, narrative is applied. The narratives typical for the structure of the CT4 are descibed in the next part in order to find a narrative that could serve as a template for the narrative of the championship. The final form of the narrative is shaped both by the narrator (presenter,commentator), who verbally describes what is happening and also the director whois responsible for the visual composition of the story. Features used in brodcasting, whose final analysis leads to the ability of distinction of the characters creating on the basis of similarity and context of highlighted object or those having arisen from anagreement among...

Avec l’avancée en âge, l’efficience de l’ensemble des fonctions cognitives, en particulier la mémoire épisodique, tend à diminuer. L’étude des effets Dm et old/new et des résultats de la méthode sLORETA a permis de caractériser sur un plan neurofonctionnel deux types de vieillissement non pathologique chez les seniors. D’une part, le vieillissement cognitif stable se traduit par des processus d’encodage identiques à ceux observés chez des sujets jeunes alors que les processus de récupération nécessitent un recrutement bilatéral des lobes temporaux médians, cette activation étant unilatérale chez les sujets jeunes. Ces résultats vont dans le sens du modèle HAROLD qui suggère une réduction de l’asymétrie hémisphérique avec l’âge. D’autre part, le vieillissement cognitif altéré proviendrait d’une altération des réseaux cérébraux dès la phase d’encodage. La baisse d'activité au niveau du cortex préfrontal gauche, siège des fonctions exécutives, suggèrerait une difficulté de mise en œuvre de stratégies d'encodage efficaces et aurait un impact direct sur l'activité observée au niveau du lobe temporal médian de façon bilatérale ce qui pourrait donc expliquer une difficulté de stockage de l'information. / With advancing age, the efficiency of all cognitive functions, especially episodic memory, tends to decrease. The study of Dm and old/new effects and of the results of the sLORETA method allowed to characterize, on a neurofunctionnal level, two types of non-pathological aging among seniors. On the one hand, stable cognitive aging results in encoding processes similar to those observed in young subjects while the retrieval processes require a bilateral recruitment of the medial temporal lobes, this activation being unilateral in young subjects. These results are in line with the HAROLD model, suggesting a reduction of hemispheric asymmetry with age. On the other hand, the altered cognitive aging might come from an alteration of brain networks at the early stage of the encoding phase. The decline of activity in the left prefrontal cortex, seat of executive functions, would suggest a difficult implementation of effective encoding strategies and have a direct impact on the activity observed in the medial temporal lobe bilaterally which could therefore explain information storage difficulties.

Avec l'avènement de la téléphonie et des réseaux mobiles, l'impact des radiofréquences (RF) sur la santé humaine est plus que jamais un sujet d'actualité. Les résultats des recherches Homme et animal restent controversés et ne permettent pas de conclusion définitive sur l’existence ou non d’effets des RF, notamment sur le cerveau. Ainsi, nos résultats montrent que chez le rat, jeune, adulte et âgé, une exposition de 3 mois à un signal LTE 4G (900 MHz, 61V/m, DAS = 0,33 W/kg) n’a aucun effet sur l’apprentissage et la mémoire spatiale récente et ancienne, ni sur l’anxiété ou la locomotion. L’expression des gènes a été étudiée par séquençage haut débit des ARNm, en conditions "Basal" et "Apprentissage" dans l’hippocampe dorsal et le cortex préfrontal médian. Nos résultats montrent que des gènes appartenant à des regroupements fonctionnels spécifiques sont modulés en réponse à l’exposition aux RF dans l'hippocampe dorsal en condition "Basal" et dans le cortex préfrontal médian, pendant et suite à un apprentissage spatial. Cependant, il est important de noter que ces modulations génétiques n'impactent pas le rappel d'un souvenir récent ou ancien. En perspective, il sera important de connaître les possibles répercussions que ces régulations peuvent avoir à plus long terme sur le fonctionnement cérébral. / The increasing development of mobile phone technology and networks raises the question of the impact of electromagnetic fields in the radiofrequency range (RF) on human health and well-being. However, data from humans and animal scientific research remain controversial and do not allow to conclude about potential harmful effects of RF, particularly on the brain. Thus, our results showed that, in young, adult and aged rats, a chronic exposure (3 months) to a 4G LTE signal (900 MHz, SAR = 0.33 W/kg, 61V/m) had no impact on spatial learning and long-term memory, nor on anxiety and locomotion. Gene expression was studied using high throughput RNA sequencing in the dorsal hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex, both in "Basal" and "Learning" conditions. Our results show that some genes belonging to specific functional groups were modulated by RF in the dorsal hippocampus in "Basal" condition and, in the median prefrontal cortex during and after spatial learning. However, it is to note that these gene expression modulations have no impact on recent or remote memory. In perspective, it will be important to explore the potential effects of such changes in brain functioning.