Submitted by Daniele Santos (danielesantos.htl@gmail.com) on 2017-06-06T18:33:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis_Tania Ngo_Revised.pdf: 2343388 bytes, checksum: 712a5c30f8c6b9eddacef1040388043a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2017-06-06T20:10:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis_Tania Ngo_Revised.pdf: 2343388 bytes, checksum: 712a5c30f8c6b9eddacef1040388043a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-21T13:08:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis_Tania Ngo_Revised.pdf: 2343388 bytes, checksum: 712a5c30f8c6b9eddacef1040388043a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-02 / Affordability is a key concern of international donors who finance antiretroviral drugs to treat AIDS in Sub-Saharan African countries. The ability of Sub-Saharan Africa to reduce their prices below large-scale manufacturers in India is challenging. Additionally, these medicines must meet The World Health Organization prequalification standards. While the cost of second-line ARVs remains a concern, donors should also focus resources on other factors of ARV access, such as the supply of human resources for health, infrastructure and issues of sustainable financing. This research specifically aims to determine if the domestic production of
antiretroviral drugs can be a successful and viable option to increase access to ARVs in sub-Saharan Africa by using three case studies of Uganda, Kenya and The democratic Republic of Congo. The research is intended to explore a potentially economical way to provide ARVs to populations with HIV/AIDS in order to move away from a dependence on foreign aid, which does not guarantee continued long-term access to the medications. Since ARVs must be taken daily for the duration of the patient's life, it is important to develop ways to increase access to the medications in a manner that facilitates the long-term drug procurement. The success of local manufacturers then relies on the capacity of the firm to achieve two necessary elements of donor-financed requirements: international quality standards and economies of scale to lower price. I recommend that more countries in Africa should produce ARVs locally in order to lower to cost and increase accessibility, especially in small villages. Even though the current operation of local production has not led to a significant increase in access primarily due to market entry restrictions, this endeavor have the ability to amplify long-term access to affordable ARV drugs

No autorizada por el autor para ser publicada a texto completo. / Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / En el mundo globalizado en el que vivimos, resulta imperante que las economías se abran en la búsqueda de nuevos mercados internacionales, buscando nuevos socios y nuevas alianzas para fomentar el intercambio de bienes y servicios. El Derecho Internacional, a su vez, cobra mayor relevancia a la hora de entrar a regir las relaciones entre Estados y entre los particulares en materias del comercio internacional. El Estado de Chile actualmente mantiene acuerdos comerciales con más de 50 países, entre ellos, varias de las potencias mundiales. Su mayor socio comercial y una de las economías más grandes del mundo es Estados Unidos; con quien celebró el año 2003 el tan ansiado Tratado de Libre Comercio, entrando en vigencia el 1° de enero de 2004. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha no ha sido fácil para Chile en materia del cumplimiento del tratado. Se le alega estar incumpliendo año tras año en una serie de materias que se encuentran contempladas en la lista roja o Priority Watch List que publica anualmente el gobierno de los Estados Unidos, a través de la oficina de su representante comercial –USTR-.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:53:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 155045.pdf.jpg: 18129 bytes, checksum: 793ef698661cfebe06fec69c097c6fe2 (MD5) 155045.pdf: 969043 bytes, checksum: 532604cf3ec9930dbf6ecc8feb6ec35c (MD5) 155045.pdf.txt: 313744 bytes, checksum: 774564f81deab0ab96693b3cde4335c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-21T00:00:00Z / The purpose of this study is to analyse the relationship between domestic and international politics in the issue of access to medicines to the treatment of HIV/AIDS, focusing on the Brazilian case. The main argument is that there is an imbalance in the Brazilian strategy, which, on one hand, resulted in its leadership and considerable victories in the foreign arena, but, on the other hand, did not reflected the same caution on the creation of internal capacities in order to implement these gains. / Esta pesquisa analisa as relações entre a política doméstica e a política internacional na questão do acesso a medicamentos para o tratamento de HIV/AIDS, focalizando o caso pátrio. Argumenta-se que há um descompasso na estratégia brasileira que, se por um lado, resultou em uma posição de liderança e significativas vitórias no plano externo, por outro lado, não refletiu a mesma preocupação na criação de capacidades internas para a efetiva implementação desses avanços.

Submitted by Fernanda Rodrigues de Lima (fernanda.rlima@ufpe.br) on 2018-08-02T20:28:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE Wanilza Marques de Almeida Cerqueira.pdf: 1447437 bytes, checksum: f7d3931db192530d559e27571f5e66d8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alice Araujo (alice.caraujo@ufpe.br) on 2018-08-03T22:33:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE Wanilza Marques de Almeida Cerqueira.pdf: 1447437 bytes, checksum: f7d3931db192530d559e27571f5e66d8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T22:33:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE Wanilza Marques de Almeida Cerqueira.pdf: 1447437 bytes, checksum: f7d3931db192530d559e27571f5e66d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-10 / A tese tem como objetivo estudar os efeitos dos mega-acordos comerciais, especificamente do Tratado Transpacífico (TPP) em relação às patentes farmacêuticas e, consequentemente, no acesso a medicamentos. O estudo foi realizado através de pesquisa bibliográfica e legislativa e culmina com a comparação entre TPP e TRIPS. O estudo será focado no período pós-TRIPS, no qual a governança do comércio internacional passa por grandes transformações e a regulamentação da propriedade intelectual fora do âmbito da OMC cresce, cada vez mais, com a formulação de regras consideradas TRIPS-plus e TRIPS-extra. Esta realidade do período pós-TRIPS pode afetar a função social da propriedade intelectual e torná-la um óbice para o desenvolvimento econômico. A implementação da agenda 2030 para o desenvolvimento sustentável exige solidariedade global através da cooperação internacional, envolve o debate multilateral do comércio internacional centrado na OMC e a facilitação da transferência de tecnologia. O debate multilateral e mais democrático sobre temas atinentes ao comércio internacional, propiciado pela OMC, está ameaçado. / The thesis aims to study the effects of trade mega-agreements, specifically the Transpacific Treaty (TPP) on pharmaceutical patents and, consequently, on access to medicines. The study was carried out through bibliographical and legislative research and culminates in the comparison between TPP and TRIPS. The study will focus on the post-TRIPS period in which international trade governance undergoes major transformations and the regulation of intellectual property outside the WTO is increasingly being developed by the formulation of TRIPS-plus and TRIPS- extra. This reality of the post-TRIPS period can affect the social function of intellectual property and make it an obstacle to economic development. Implementing the 2030 agenda for sustainable development requires global solidarity through international cooperation, involves the multilateral debate on international trade centered on the WTO and facilitating technology transfer. The multilateral and more democratic debate on issues related to international trade, provided by the WTO, is threatened.