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Bakgrund   Både grundskola och gymnasium har en viktig roll i utvecklingen av elevers läs- och skrivförmågor, i synnerhet för elever med lässvårigheter. Tidigare forskning har visat att läs- och skrivsvårigheter oftast är ihållande och kan påverka individens liv i flera avseenden gällande studier, arbetsliv och fritid. Det är viktigt att elever med läs- och skrivsvårigheter får det stöd och den undervisning i skolan som de behöver i skrivandet för att förebygga negativa konsekvenser.   Syfte   Syftet med studien var att undersöka gymnasieelevers upplevelser av det egna skrivandet, den egna skrivutvecklingen, skrivundervisningen i grundskolan och gymnasiet samt skrivkraven i studie- och arbetsliv. Vidare syftade studien till att identifiera likheter och skillnader i upplevelser mellan elever med och utan lässvårigheter.   Metod   Studien omfattade 10 tredje års gymnasieelever varav hälften hade svag avkodningsförmåga eller svag läsförståelse. En kvalitativ semistrukturerad intervju användes för att undersöka elevernas upplevelser. Intervjuerna analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.   Resultat                                         Studien skildrar mångfalden i elevernas upplevelser. Resultaten presenteras utifrån sju huvudkategorier som framträdde i intervjuerna: (1) eget skrivande, (2) skrivutveckling, (3) tidiga skrivminnen, (4) skrivandet i grundskolan, (5) skrivandet i gymnasiet, (6) skrivandet i framtiden samt (7) eget läsande. Inga tydliga skillnader hittades mellan elever med och utan lässvårigheter utan upplevelserna verkar främst vara individuella och inte kopplade till läsförmåga.   Slutsatser   Studien beskriver unika upplevelser hos endast 10 gymnasieelever. Resultatet kan därmed inte generaliseras. I föreliggande studie verkar det som att lindriga lässvårigheter inte påverkar elevers läs- och skrivvanor, skrivutveckling, upplevelser av skrivandet i skolan och skrivundervisning samt framtidsplaner negativt. / Skrivande på gymnasienivå hos elever med och utan en historia av lässvårigheter i grundskolan

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ABSTRACT Background Conventionally endodontic treatment has been performed during multiple visits with antimicrobial dressing between the cleansing and filling of the root. It is debated whether the antimicrobial dressing leads to a higher success rate of the treatment or if it is equal to cleansing and filling the canal during the same visit, which would be more convenient for the patient and the clinician.  Aim The aim of this study was to compile the available articles comparing the success rates of single-visit and multiple-visit treatments. Methods Combinations of MeSH-terms were used in different databases to find relevant articles. They were sorted against inclusion- and exclusion criteria which resulted in ten final articles. Results Seven of the final articles concluded that there was no significant difference between one visit and multiple visit treatment. One article had significantly higher success rate for single visit and one article had significantly higher success rate for treatment during multiple visits. Conclusions Out of the ten final articles, only two showed a difference in success rate between one visit and two visits for endodontic treatment. The included systematic reviews have the highest scientific evidence and concluded no difference, based on our study. Our conclusion is that no difference in periapical healing can be demonstrated between the two methods. The clinician should decide based on available scientific knowledge and clinical experience what the best treatment is for each individual case.

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Background: Death is a universal reality that affects all people. The registered nurse is responsible for alleviating the suffering and offering the best possible quality of life to the patients and their relatives. When the nurse feels that her own knowledge and understanding is not sufficient, they cannot satisfy the needs of patients. Previous research shows that patients in the final stages of life experience anxiety when incorrect information is given. Palliative care is based on four cornerstones: symptom relief, teamwork, communication and relationships, and support for relatives. Aim: To describe the nurse's experiences of caring for patients at the end of life. Method: Systematic literature study with description synthesis and the results based on ten qualitative scientific articles. Result: The analysis resulted in two themes; See the unique person and Challenges in the care that describe nurses' experiences with five sub-themes that answer the purpose. Conclusion: Caring for patients at the end of life is perceived by nurses as a challenge. Challenges are related to nurses' lack of knowledge, and this in turn was considered that they needed more education, as well as difficulties in meeting relatives who affect care. The nurses experienced that with increased knowledge and professional experience as well as clear communication, they could contribute to one good worthy death. The care is experienced as rewarding when the nurses respond to and satisfies patients' needs in a good relationship.