Background: Hypercholestrolemia is a lipid disorder that occurs as a consequence of high levels of plasma low density lipoprotein-cholesterol. This, in turn,  increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease which is the most common cause of death in Sweden. Treatment aiming to decrease levels of plasma low density lipoprotein-cholesterol is therefore of great importance. Examples of drugs that are used to lower levels of plasma low density lipoprotein-cholesterol are Simvastatin Sandoz and Ezetimibe Actavis. Aim: The aim with this literature study was to investigate if simvastatin in combination with ezetimibe is more effective treatment to improve lipid profile in patients with hypercholesterolemia than simvastatin as monotherapy. Method: In this literature study, five articles were selected and reviewed. All articles were retrieved from the PubMed database using the keywords ezetimibe and simvastatin during the month of September in 2021. In the selected studies more variables than those relevant for this study were examined and due to that these results were excluded in the present review. Results: In all studies, the level of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol decreased during monotherapy and with combination therapy. When combined administration of simvastatin and ezetimibe was used, levels decreased significantly more than with monotherapy. There were small variations between results of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides. Conclusion: Simvastatin and ezetimibe in combination had a better effect than simvastatin alone on improving lipid profile and also cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with hypercholesterolemia. Although out of the scope of this study, combination therapy also had a beneficial impact on mitochondrial function and a better effect in individuals with insulin resistance.  This further promotes the conclusion that combination therapy is superior to monotherapy

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Introduktion/Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerformen hos kvinnor i Sverige. En bröstcancerdiagnos innebär för flera kvinnor en livsomvälvande upplevelse, vilket kan medföra en nedsatt psykisk hälsa. Det är därför viktigt att kvinnor med bröstcancer möter sjuksköterskor med kompetens och förståelse för hur hen kan stödja kvinnans psykiska hälsa. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva hur sjuksköterskan kan stödja kvinnor med bröstcancer och deras psykiska hälsa. Metod: Litteraturstudien genomfördes utifrån Polit & Beck (2017) nio steg. Databaser som användes var PubMed, Cinahl och PsycInfo. Samtliga artiklar granskades utifrån Polit & Beck (2017) granskningsmallar för att säkerställa kvaliteten i artiklarna. Resultat: Resultatet sammanställdes av totalt elva artiklar. Sju artiklar representerade studier genomförda med en kvalitativ design och fyra var studier genomförda med en mixad metod. Resultatet sammanfattades i fyra teman, Anpassad information, Delaktighet i sin vård, Se hela människan och Stärka kropp och själ. Dessa teman svarade på hur sjuksköterskan kunde stödja kvinnor med bröstcancer och deras psykiska hälsa.  Slutsats: Genom att förmedla ett individanpassat stöd utifrån kvinnans egna behov och önskemål kunde sjuksköterskan främja kvinnors psykiska hälsa. Förmåga att lyssna till kvinnors upplevelse och erfarenhet av sin sjukdom ger sjuksköterskan goda förutsättningar till att lindra känslor av oro, depression eller ångest.

Background: HIV/AIDS has emerged as one of the most serious public health concerns across the world, especially in low-income countries. About 79.3 million people have been infected with HIV and more than 36 million have died from AIDS-related diseases. This study aimed to explore the determinants of discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in Zambia. Method: A cross-sectional design was performed among 13,119 Zambian women of reproductive age (15-19 years). A secondary analysis was conducted based on Zambian Demographic and Health Survey 2018. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to investigate the determinants of discriminatory attitudes towards PLWHIV, using SPSS version 27.0.1.0. Results: The results revealed that 30.3% of women expressed negative against PLWHIV. Logistic regression showed that women who had minimal knowledge about HIV/AIDS [OR=4.69; 95% CI: 4.08-5.39] had 4.7 higher odds of expressing discriminatory attitudes towards PLWHIV. Non-educated women [OR=2.66; 95% CI: 1.98-3.56] had 2.6 higher odds of having discriminatory attitudes toward PLWHIV. Women belonging to the poorest quintile [OR=1.98; 95% CI: 1.73-2.28] had 2 times higher odds of expressing discriminatory attitudes towards PLWHIV. Conclusion: Knowledge of HIV/AIDS, education level and socioeconomic status had an inverse association with expressing discriminatory attitudes towards PLWHIV. The finding suggests that to address the awareness of HIV prevention methods and eliminating the misconceptions about HIV transmission among Zambian women.

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