Background: The use of herbal medicines in children and adolescents is continually on the rise. Contrary to popular belief, herbal products (HPs) are not always a safe alternative to conventional drugs and can cause a variety of adverse events such as severe and fatal allergic reactions. In regards to herbal medicine use in children, a recently published systematic review that searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and AMED included 58 studies from 19 countries and found overall herbal lifetime use to be between 0.8-85.5 % and 2.2-8.9 % for current use. Unlike most synthetically produced drugs, the adverse event profile of such "natural" preparations in children has rarely been studied. To this date, effective systems that monitor adverse drug events (ADRs) and long term side effects associated with HPs are either non-existent or still developing in many countries. Due to insufficient and inconsistent ADR reporting, little is known about the ADR spectrum of herbals in pediatric patients. Awareness of the potential of HPs to cause ADRs, particularly in children and adolescents, needs to be increased and reporting to national pharmacovigilance centers (PVCs) reinforced. Objectives: This project analyzed the worldwide adverse event data for herbal drugs related to hypersensitivity reactions as recorded in...

Submitted by Gabriela Rodrigues Lima (rodriguesgabrielalima@gmail.com) on 2018-01-29T13:29:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação final Gabriela Lima pdf.pdf: 888023 bytes, checksum: 8c55a802d946777f2eae7f2907848489 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jacqueline de Almeida null (jacquie@franca.unesp.br) on 2018-01-29T18:11:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_GR_me_fran.pdf: 888023 bytes, checksum: 8c55a802d946777f2eae7f2907848489 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-29T18:11:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_GR_me_fran.pdf: 888023 bytes, checksum: 8c55a802d946777f2eae7f2907848489 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A expansão marítima proporcionou ao homem europeu o contato com o Novo Mundo, onde se relacionaram com culturas, tradições e costumes diferentes. Levando consigo nas naus o imaginário mágico europeu, as práticas dos povos andinos foram interpretadas como sobrenaturais pelos espanhóis nos dois primeiros séculos da colonização. Nesse sentido,o presente trabalho tem como intenção compreender como os costumes indígenas nos séculos XVI e XVII onde hoje temos localizado o território do Peru foram encarados como feitiçaria pelos espanhóis.Tendo como foco a utilização de plantas, também será analisado de que forma as ervas nesse mesmo momento foram utilizadas como inovação farmacêutica e medicinal. Para isso, investigaremos os documentos de extirpação de idolatrias do Arquivo Arzobispal de Lima, o tratado do médico sevilhano Nicolás Monardes, e as contribuições dos jesuítas Bernabé Cobo e Joseph de Acosta sobre as descrições da natureza americana. Assim, pretende-se contribuir para a compreensão das diferentes abordagens e o que elas representavam naquele contexto, pois enquanto de um lado temos o pensamento do homem europeu marcado pelo imaginário mágico, de outro temos mais de um pensamento racional que buscou lucro, inovação científica e progresso urbano, gerando diversos renascimentos e nos mostrando vários prismas desse período histórico / The maritime expansion has provided the European man the contact with the New World, where they related to cultures, traditions and different habits. Taking with the ships the magical European imaginary, even though the practices of the Andean people were considered supernatural by the Spanish in the 16th and 17th centuries. The present study intends to comprehend how the native habits from the period, where nowadays is located the Peruvian territory, were viewed as witchcraft, focusing in the usage of plants. In contrast, it will be analyzed how the herbs from that same moment were used as pharmaceutical and medicinal innovations. For that, we will consider the documents of extirpation of idolatry from the Arzobispal de Lima Archive, the Sevillian medic Nicolás Monardes’ treaty, and the contributions from the Jesuits Bernabé Cobo and Joseph de Acosta about the descriptions of the American nature. Therefore, we expect to contribute with the comprehension of the different insights and what they represented in that context, since while in one side we have the European man’s way of thinking marked by the magical imaginary, on the other one we have more than one rational thinking that sought profit, scientific innovation and urban progress generating many revivals, showing us several prisms from that historical period. / CAPES: 194030-1

Dissertação(mestrado)- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Escola de Enfermagem, 2003. / Submitted by eloisa silva (eloisa1_silva@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-08-21T19:52:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 stelladeoliveira.pdf: 555050 bytes, checksum: aa5e6bdb5c67d644d010c94f4245c1dd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-08-25T22:07:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 stelladeoliveira.pdf: 555050 bytes, checksum: aa5e6bdb5c67d644d010c94f4245c1dd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-25T22:07:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 stelladeoliveira.pdf: 555050 bytes, checksum: aa5e6bdb5c67d644d010c94f4245c1dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / The use of medicinal herbs as a therapeutic alternative has been encouraged lately. This study has evaluated the use of these herbs to promote and recover health in communities which are monitored by the health teams of the Family Health Program in Rio Grande, RS. Their uses, how knowledge about these herbs is transmitted, the most used ones, their manipulation and preparation, their popular indication compared to literature, the first action taken in case of sickness in the family, and their uses associated with allopathic medication, were investigated. Ninety five percent out of 360 interviewees reported that they use medicinal herbs. In this study, the knowledge about medicinal herbs was taught mostly by mothers to their daughters (55.68%), or by their grandmothers (19.82%). Thirteen herbs were used by more than 50% of the interviewees: Egletes viscosa L. (88.62%), Mikania glomerata (81.87%), Foeniculum vulgare (77.84%), Peumus boldus molina (77.55%), Malva silvestris L. (72.88%), Plantago tomentosa L. (71.26%), (68.22%), Lippi alba B. (67.25%), Cymbopogon citratus (66.18%), Baccharis triptera (63.63%), Pimpinella anisium (60.64%), Pimpinella anisium (58.53%), and Mentha (53.50%). Considering these herbs, most are used against illnesses in the digestive tract, specially, Peumus boldus molina, Egletes viscosa, Foeniculum vulgare, Baccharis triptera and the Mentha. To alleviate pain, infection, and inflammation, both Malva silvestris L. and Plantago tomentosa L. were suggested. Mikania glomerata was the herb most interviewees suggested in case of respiratory diseases. In case of emotional instability, Pimpinella anisium and Cymbopogon citratus were suggested. The use of teas made of medicinal herbs was mentioned by 68.03% of the interviewees as being the first step taken in case of sickness in the family. The use of these herbs associated with allopathic medication was mentioned by only 29.61% of the interviewees. These data show us that medicinal herbs play a very important role in the prevention and promotion of health in this community and that knowledge about them is transmitted mainly from one generation to another. There is some connection between popular knowledge and practice, and prescriptions found in literature. Aiming at building a public policy for medicinal herbs, this study offers subsidies so that it can be carried out in our city. / En los años pasados lo han estimulado el uso de plantas medicinales como forma de alternativa terapéutico. Este estudio evaluó el uso de estas plantas en la promoción y la recuperación de la salud en comunidades folloied para los equipos del programa de la salud de la familia del Río Grande-RS. El uso, la forma de transmisión del conocimiento en las plantas medicinales, las plantas uso principales, su forma de manipulación y preparación, su indicación popular compararon con la indicación de la literatura, el primer comportamiento adoptado en caso de que de enfermedad en la familia y el uso asociado hubiera sido investigado la medicación del alopática. De la 360 gente entrevistada con, el 95% habían dicho el uso de plantas medicinales. En este estudio el conocimiento en las plantas medicinales era excedente adquirido todo de la madre para el hijo (el 55.68%) o con la abuela (el 19.82%). Trece plantas habían sido utilizadas para más el de 50% entrevistadas con: macela (el 88.62%), guaco (el 81.87%), funcho (el 77.84%), boldo (el 77.55%), color de malva (el 72.88%), transagem (el 71.26%), palminha (el 68.22%), hierba-cidreira (el 67.25%), capim-cidrão (el 66.18%), carqueja (el 63.63%), anís (el 60.64%), hierba-caramelo (el 58.53%) y menta (el 53.50%). De éstos la mayoría es utlizadas para afecções del tratamiento gastrointestinal que es boldo distinguido, macela, funcho, carqueja y la menta. Para la relevación del dolor, las infecciones y las inflamaciones habían sido indicadas el color de malva y el transagem. El guaco era la planta indicada más para afecções del sistema respiratorio. Para los cuadros del malestar emocional la hierbacidreira y el capim habían sido cidrão indicado. El uso de los tés de plantas medicinales era referenciado por el 68.03% entrevistados con como primero comportamiento adoptado en caso de que de la enfermedad en la familia. El uso asociado de estas plantas con la medicación del alopática fue relacionado por solamente 29.61% entrevistadas con. Estos datos en la demostración ellas que el excedente todo de las plantas medicinales tiene un papel muy importante en la prevención y la promoción de la salud de esta población que es este conocimiento transmitido de la Inter geracional forma. Tiene un empalme entre saber y popular práctico y las indicaciones a ellas encontró en literatures. En la vista de la construcción de una política pública de plantas medicinales, este trabajo trae los subsidios para la implantación de esto en nuestra ciudad.

Identification of the unknown targets of drugs, investigative drugs and herbal ingredients is an important task in drug discovery. It can potentially help in several aspects including: (1) determination of unknown therapeutic mechanism of certain drugs and medicinal herbs, (2) prediction of drug toxicity and side effect, and (3) analysis of protein-mediated pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. Here, a computer-aided drug target search method and its validation studies are presented. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

There has been a tremendous growth in popularity in the use of herbs especially those designed to assist with mental wellness and to reduce psychological ailments. Clients' widespread usage of medicinal herbs for psychologically related symptoms has created a need for psychologists to become more informed about the health risks associated with taking medicinal herbs. It is important that psychologists be familiar with the most current information regarding medicinal herbs to be able to initiate discussions about medicinal herbs with their clients to help mitigate potential health risks. This study was conducted to increase knowledge about psychologist's perceptions and knowledge about medicinal herbs and about psychologist's practices regarding discussions and recommendation of medicinal herbs with their clients. A total of 1963 questionnaires were responded to by licensed psychologists in the state of California. Most psychologists felt they either did not have enough knowledge or that more knowledge was needed about medicinal herbs. The results show that there is a positive association between psychologist's perceived knowledge of medicinal herbs and their willingness to initiate discussions about them. It was also shown that the more perceived knowledge of medicinal herbs by psychologists, the more willing the psychologists were to recommend them. There was hesitancy among some psychologists to talk about herbs as they felt they either did not have the expertise or that it was beyond the scope of their practice to do so. As many medicinal herbs have significant pharmacological activity and thus potential adverse effects and drug interactions, psychologists should be familiar with herbs, their therapeutic modalities, and safety, so they will be better able to discuss these issues with their clients.

No / A linear free-energy relationship (LFER) equation that is able to provide a valid prediction of the skin permeability coefficients (log Kp) of neutral molecules, ions and ionic species has recently been constructed and optimized. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of predicting the skin-permeating components (SPCs) of externally applied herbs using the LFER equation, with Evodiae fructus (EF) taken as a model herb. The log Kp values of the reported chemical components of EF at pH 4.0 were calculated using the LFER equation and their structural descriptors. The results showed that the essential oils, quinolone, acridone and indole alkaloids of EF are more permeable when compared to other main components, such as phenylpropanoids, furoquinoline alkaloids, limonoids and flavonoids. The SPCs of EF were further collected via ex vivo skin permeation experiments, and analyzed by liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 80 SPCs were detected, and part of them were tentatively identified based on their empirical molecular formulae and MS/MS spectra. The SPCs are made up of 58 alkaloids, including 23 or more quinolone alkaloids, 14 or more indole alkaloids and 1 acridone alkaloid, and 22 non-alkaloids, including 7 or more essential oils and 1 flavonoid, which is in good agreement with the prediction by the LFER equation. It is suggested that a log Kp of −7.0 may be considered as a borderline, above which are potential SPCs and below which are non-SPCs. Very interestingly, the primary SPCs give a good explanation to the antihypertensive action of externally applied EF. To sum up, the LFER equation can be used to predict the SPCs of externally applied herbs, and thus to narrow the range of their potential effective components and speed up the pharmacological study. / This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81703939 and 81503221), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2017M620403), the Project of Industry, Education and Research Funds of Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources (Grant No. FJMBIO1608), the Science and Technology Planning Project of Fujian Province (Grant No. 2017Y4015), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 2014A030310365), the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (Grant No. 2014CFC1045) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 20720150069), as well as the Clinical Medical Research Program of Wuhan Health and Family Planning Commission (Grant No. WX15A02).

No description available.

In the exploration into new therapeutic agents for human disease, medicinal herbs offer an enormous resource due to their wide range of biologically active components. However, because of these biologically active components, medicinal herbs can also have toxic side effects. The focus of this thesis is the effect of herbal therapies, both good and bad, on chronic kidney disease (CKD) and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is considered one of the defining characteristics of CKD. In Chapter 1, the literature regarding the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial fibrosis is reviewed, beginning with the mechanisms of its development, the main structural and functional features, and the molecular mediators. The structural features include activation of resident fibroblasts and transition of tubular epithelial cells into myofibroblasts, deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, increased apoptosis of normal cells of the renal nephron and development of tubular atrophy, increased renal oxidative stress, and hypoxia of renal tissues. Molecular mediators that are explored include angiotensin II, transforming growth factor-ß1 and numerous other cytokines and growth factors. Pharmacological manipulation of these features and their molecular mediators for regression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis is then discussed. Currently, the gold standard of therapy for people with CKD is blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and/or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Because of the complexity of the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis and the multiple mechanisms by which ACEIs and ARBs work, this portion of the thesis focuses on the qualities that additional agents should have to complement their actions. These additional agents could work by decreasing oxidative damage, by decreasing fibroblast numbers through apoptosis, through the interruption of inflammatory, fibrotic mediators, by increasing anti-inflammatory mediators or through other mechanisms. The literature review therefore continues with a discussion of the historical use of medicinal herbs in genitourinary pathologies and the known contributions that medicinal herbs can make to the treatment or development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis and CKD. From this review, a large number of herbs were identified as having traditional use in renal disorders or as being of interest, currently, to researchers of renal pathologies. However, much information is lacking regarding the mechanisms by which the hypothesised benefits occur, making it impossible to assess which herb(s) may offer valuable additive support or alternative treatments to the therapies currently given to people with CKD. Furthermore, there is a lack of information regarding toxicity of these herbs; many herbs have never been assessed in cell culture or in animal toxicity studies. It was apparent that preliminary in vitro work was necessary before in vivo pharmacological work could be undertaken. This thesis, therefore, aimed to test the following hypotheses: (1) That medicinal herbs used currently for treatment of renal dysfunction have high anti-oxidant properties that can be further enhanced by specific extraction processes; (2) That the in vitro testing of selected extracts from medicinal herbs, identified in (1), will reveal some anti-oxidant benefits or indications of toxicity that need careful analysis in animal studies; (3) That careful in vivo testing of specific toxic medicinal herbs identified in these leadup studies will define specific pathological processes that predict an outcome of CKD; and (4) That careful in vivo testing of selected medicinal herbs, used in conjunction with more conventional medicines for CKD, will show an additive benefit when used to ameliorate development of CKD induced using an established animal model. The subsequent laboratory work was designed to test the validity of these hypotheses and the results are then presented in Chapters that each comprise a publication. The aim of Chapter 2 was to present a systematic analysis of the oxidant properties of 55 medicinal herbs that have been used traditionally to treat kidney and urinary disorders or have been of recent interest to researchers of renal disorders. Since different extraction processes yield different constituents, each of the herbs was sequentially extracted with three solvents of decreasing polarity. An assay was performed on each of the fractions to determine the oxygen radical absorbance capacity. The aim of Chapter 3 was to test the benefit or otherwise of each of the three extracts of the chosen herbs using an in vitro cell study. Each extract was tested for potential toxic, apoptotic, mutagenic and antioxidant activity on normal mammalian renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E). The effect of the extracts on renal fibroblasts (NRK-49F) was also analysed. Several specific hypotheses arose from the combination of the systematic analyses and the literature review regarding benefits and toxicities of a number of the extracts. The subsequent in vivo work was designed to test the validity of two of these hypotheses. The aim of Chapter 4 was to test the hypotheses developed from the results of the previous Chapter. The herb Dioscorea villosa had demonstrated extreme cytotoxicity to mammalian renal epithelial cells and had caused transdifferentiation of epithelial cells into fibroblasts. An in vivo rodent model was used to test chronic dosage with this herb and its toxicity and predisposition for induction of CKD verified. The aim of Chapter 5 was to determine whether a herbal preparation (Angelica sinensis and Astragalus membranaceus) that had some support from the literature and the results from Chapters 2 and 3, could complement the actions of ACEIs in a rodent model of renal fibrosis (unilateral ureteral obstruction). The combination of herbal medicines and the ACEI was significantly more effective than the ACEI alone in ameliorating several characteristics of CKD development. To conclude the thesis, Chapter 6 provides an overview discussion of the results and a critical analysis of the methods used. Further, Chapter 6 looks towards future experiments that are planned to further resolve issues of concern about effects on renal health from use of medicinal herbs. .

Existem no Rio de Janeiro cento e oito grupos que produzem remédios com ervas medicinais de maneira voluntária. Desde 2000, formam a Rede Fitovida para transmitir conhecimento e debater soluções conjuntas para as dificuldades que enfrentam. É um movimento sem filiação partidária ou religiosa cujas características principais são o trabalho voluntário e a venda de preparações medicamentosas a preço de custo. É composto por mulheres com 50 anos ou mais, de camadas populares, que se reúnem em cozinhas comunitárias. O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar os aspectos culturais práticas curativas e transmissão de conhecimentos  de um grupo que integra a Rede Fitovida. Através da metodologia antropológica e do registro audiovisual, o que possibilita um olhar mais cuidadoso sobre os fenômenos sociais, esta pesquisa visa compreender quem são essas mulheres, o que fazem e por que o fazem. Na medida em que participam de uma rede de trocas, além de cuidarem da saúde de si, dos familiares e vizinhos, as mulheres da Rede Fitovida se constituem como um movimento social reivindicatório  pois demandam o reconhecimento do Estado pelo saber que detêm  e transformam a própria percepção enquanto sujeitos em processo de envelhecimento, resignificando alguns estigmas negativos da velhice. / In Rio de Janeiro State, there are one hundred and eight groups of women who produce medicines with herbs. Since 2000, they are organized in a network called Rede Fitovida to transmit their knowledge and debate how to deal with their common difficulties. Its a social movement without party or religion affiliation composed by old women from popular layers that get together at kitchens of communitarian centers. None of them receive money or any other kind of payment for their work. Their activity is volunteer and non- profitableThe objective of this ethnography is to analyze cultural aspects of a group that belongs to this network, such as healing practices and knowledge transmission. Through an anthropological methodology and audiovisual documentation  which allows a more careful look on the social phenomena  this research aims to understand who are those women, what they do and why. As part of a network of exchanges, besides taking care of their health and of their neighborhoods, these women create a social movement that demands the recognition for their traditional knowledge by the State. They also change their own perception of individuals in aging process, overcoming the negative elderly stigmas

Existem no Rio de Janeiro cento e oito grupos que produzem remédios com ervas medicinais de maneira voluntária. Desde 2000, formam a Rede Fitovida para transmitir conhecimento e debater soluções conjuntas para as dificuldades que enfrentam. É um movimento sem filiação partidária ou religiosa cujas características principais são o trabalho voluntário e a venda de preparações medicamentosas a preço de custo. É composto por mulheres com 50 anos ou mais, de camadas populares, que se reúnem em cozinhas comunitárias. O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar os aspectos culturais práticas curativas e transmissão de conhecimentos  de um grupo que integra a Rede Fitovida. Através da metodologia antropológica e do registro audiovisual, o que possibilita um olhar mais cuidadoso sobre os fenômenos sociais, esta pesquisa visa compreender quem são essas mulheres, o que fazem e por que o fazem. Na medida em que participam de uma rede de trocas, além de cuidarem da saúde de si, dos familiares e vizinhos, as mulheres da Rede Fitovida se constituem como um movimento social reivindicatório  pois demandam o reconhecimento do Estado pelo saber que detêm  e transformam a própria percepção enquanto sujeitos em processo de envelhecimento, resignificando alguns estigmas negativos da velhice. / In Rio de Janeiro State, there are one hundred and eight groups of women who produce medicines with herbs. Since 2000, they are organized in a network called Rede Fitovida to transmit their knowledge and debate how to deal with their common difficulties. Its a social movement without party or religion affiliation composed by old women from popular layers that get together at kitchens of communitarian centers. None of them receive money or any other kind of payment for their work. Their activity is volunteer and non- profitableThe objective of this ethnography is to analyze cultural aspects of a group that belongs to this network, such as healing practices and knowledge transmission. Through an anthropological methodology and audiovisual documentation  which allows a more careful look on the social phenomena  this research aims to understand who are those women, what they do and why. As part of a network of exchanges, besides taking care of their health and of their neighborhoods, these women create a social movement that demands the recognition for their traditional knowledge by the State. They also change their own perception of individuals in aging process, overcoming the negative elderly stigmas