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Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a spondyloarthropathy traditionally defined as having spinal and extra-spinal manifestations. However its diagnostic criteria only allow the identification of advanced DISH and there is little consensus regarding the extra-spinal enthesopathies. In this project, individuals with DISH from the WM Bass Donated Skeletal Collection were analysed to investigate the pathogenesis of DISH and archaeological English and Catalan samples (3rd–18th century AD) were studied to investigate how diet might have influenced the development of DISH. From the individuals from the Bass Collection, isolated vertical lesions representing the early stages of DISH (‘early DISH’) were identified. Both sample sets showed that the presence of extra-spinal manifestations varies significantly between individuals and that discarthrosis and DISH can co-exist in the same individual. In all archaeological samples, the prevalence of DISH was significantly higher in males and older individuals showed a higher prevalence of DISH. In both regions, the prevalence of DISH was the lowest in the Roman samples, the highest in the early medieval ones and intermediate in the late medieval samples. While when using documentary resources and archaeological data, it was hypothesised that the prevalence of DISH in the English and Catalan samples might have been different, the results show no significant differences even if English samples tend to show higher prevalence of DISH than the Catalan samples. This possibly suggests that the development of DISH depends on a combination of dietary habits and, possibly, genetic predisposition might influence the development of DISH. The individuals from the Bass Collection showed high prevalence of metabolic and cardiovascular conditions. In contrast, no association was found between DISH and rich-diet associated conditions (e.g. carious lesions and gout) or deficiency-related conditions (e.g. scurvy, healed rickets). / Institute of Life Sciences Research from the University of Bradford

This Bachelor paper deals with skeletal diseases like osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. 24 medieval individuals from the block Banken 1 in Visby, Gotland were chosen for an osteological analysis. Osteoporosis affects the bone with low bone mineral density and can lead to possible fractures and Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease. A DEXA reading was done at Dr. Roland Alvarssons Doctorial practice in Visby and the results from the DEXA reading showed that none of the individuals suffered from osteoporosis, but one suffered from osteopenia. Some individuals were x-rayed at Visby hospital and the x-rays were interpreted by Dr. Staffan Jennerholm. The x-ray showed that two individuals suffered from osteoarthritis. You can get a glint into the past and daily life of medieval people with a little help of modern technology like x-ray and DEXA reading.

nÃo hà / Figura emblemÃtica presente no imaginÃrio popular europeu, devido à ascensÃo do Cristianismo como religiÃo dominante, o Diabo recebeu diversas definiÃÃes e transformaÃÃes que o moldaram atravÃs dos sÃculos. Na Literatura Brasileira, em especial, no Quinhentismo e na Contemporaneidade, temos de maneira bastante significativa a representaÃÃo residual de tais personificaÃÃes do Diabo, seguindo os moldes do imaginÃrio cristÃo medieval conforme se encontra no Auto da Alma, no Auto da Barca do Inferno, no Auto da Barca do PurgatÃrio e no Auto da Barca da GlÃria, de Gil Vicente. O intuito deste trabalho à demonstrar os aspectos residuais da representaÃÃo do Diabo medieval vicentino no teatro brasileiro quinhentista do Padre Josà de Anchieta e no contemporÃneo de Ariano Suassuna.

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Thesis advisor: Robin Fleming / My dissertation, “Multispecies Communities: An Early Medieval Environmental History of Britain and Ireland c. 600 to 1000 CE,” investigates invertebrates, plants, and non-humans as multispecies communities, and my study reveals a way to understand how early medieval people understood and lived with their environments through their ecological material surroundings. This period witnessed the economic and cultural shifts in post-Roman, northwestern Europe in Britain and Ireland, which resulted in the emergence of new types of rural settlements, towns, “productive sites,” and monastic communities, all of which created a new ecological footprint. Our textual sources from this period are limited, and very few describe what settlements and houses during this shift looked like, so instead, we must rely on archaeological excavation to understand them. I work within the natureculture framework as formulated by ecofeminist Donna Haraway. Natureculture is defined as the entangling of nature and culture, something that happens when human and non-human agents move across species lines and live under and share the same ecological pressures. My dissertation asks how medieval people conceptualized themselves through bodily and household interactions when their day-to-day lives overlapped with invertebrates. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2024. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: History.

Evidence for routes in use in the early medieval period from documents and excavations is fragmentary, and from maps is nil, but place-names help to fill the gap. Known early roads, travellers and possible origins of place-names are considered before detailed examination of the place-names that consistently occur by routeways. Ways of measuring proximity of named settlements to routeways, including the chi-squared test and dispersion graphs, are described. The place-names are considered in detail. The road terms strǣt and weg yielded useful information; pæth and stīg did not. Gewæd and gelād indicated difficult crossings; ford was too ubiquitous to be useful. Facilities available were indicated by mere-tūn and byden-welle (water supply); strǣt-tūn and calde-cot but not Coldharbour (lodgings); mōr-tūn and mersc-tūn (fodder); dræg-tun and dræg-cot (aid to travellers in difficulty); grǣfe-tūn (pay-load). Ōra and ofer, round-shouldered ridges, were used as 'signposts' at significant points on roads and waterways to indicate, inter alia, harbour entrances, cross roads and mineral deposits. Cumb-tūn, denu-tūn, ceaster and wīc-hām were easily recognised and helped travellers to identify their whereabouts. Seaways and rivers in use were highlighted by the use of port, hȳth, ēa-tūn and lād A series of these indicative names occurring along a route, usually Roman, suggests that the route was in use. Certain saltways, Gough (c. 1360) and Ogilby (1675) routes and a few others were also highlighted. Findings are summarised on the end-paper map. As a check on the results, coin-find distributions for the early eighth century and late tenth/ early eleventh century were mapped against route-ways. Routes in use from placename and coin evidence were broadly similar. Evidence from pottery scatters was difficult to assemble, and gave poorer results. The evolution of the naming system is discussed. The consistent way that widely occurring landforms and habitation types were named throughout England enables the mapping of an early medieval routeway network using place-name evidence. The appendices list and map each corpus.

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