This thesis, as a case study, focuses on the perspective of foreign news reports on Taiwan’s first time hosting an international multi-sport event, the World Games 2009 in its biggest port city Kaohsiung. The World Games 2009 Kaohsiung, the significant Olympic type mega-event as to Taiwan, is applied as the approach to public diplomacy and soft power for the purpose of expanding Taiwan’s international space. It is expected to raise publicity and mass media exposure to boost Taiwan’s international profile and spur its tourism industry. From Taiwan’s image-marketing strategy, practices to foreign news reports, it outweighs to study foreign media’s reflection on Taiwan and the World Games 2009 as the important evaluation on the mega-event as a whole. This thesis attempts to answer two research questions: How was the World Games 2009 Kaohsiung reported by the foreign media? Did hosting the World Games improve Taiwan’s image? It presents the results and perspectives of foreign news reports by qualitative methods: case study and discourse analysis of online-English news reports and some quantitative methods applied on data. It combines news reports study with theory, model of public diplomacy, mega-event and expected-model. Within 101 pieces of online-English news found related to the World Games 2009, it unveils fruitful results such as the failure of interpreting the core story (Taiwan’s images and values) by foreign media during the sporting extravaganza, and it echoes Rivenburgh (2004)’s three viewpoints toward the Olympic type event (intercultural challenges, less news about host country’s culture and dramatic news). By the amount of news and the absence of foreign media on the press conference indicates that foreign media did not pay much attention to the World Games and Taiwan. In spite of reporting the sports and games, other major topics of reports were Taiwan’s hosting the event, the greenest solar-powered stadium designed by Japanese, Toyo Ito, Chu Chen’s promotion itinerary to Beijing and China’s absence on the opening and closing ceremony which triggered foreign media’s great concern.

The aim of this master thesis project is to investigate how cities strive to be globally competitive affect local residents in informal settlements, generically called slum dwellers. This question is approached trough a case study of one of Rio de Janeiro’s informal settlements ‘favela’ Santa Marta. The favela’s public spaces have been studied in order to reveal how Rio’s search for increased global status has affected the management of the spaces and consequently the favela dwellers. Rio de Janeiro is using a well-acknowledged strategy towards global competitiveness, the hosting of international mega-events. Within the near future the city is presenting two of the world’s most well-known events: the FIFA World Cup and the Olympic Games. The games are being used as a tool to attract tourists and foreign investments, which are expected to help the city to Compete Globally. However, our findings show that this is happening at the expense of the city’s vulnerable slum dwellers and that Rio to some extent is Losing Locally. For example, slum areas that can contribute to presenting Rio as an attractive city, or have an unexploited economic potential, are increasingly integrated to the formal city. The residents of these areas are affected in several ways, for example through being evicted on behalf of more economically beneficial establishments. Remote slums with no interest for investments are however still separated from the formal city and left without support for its residents. Trough our research we have found that when a city set out to be globally competitive, it uses neoliberal market strategies, like hosting mega-events, since that is apprehended as the only trajectory towards development. Although, we suggest that the known strategy for development should be revised in order to not violate human rights. / Målet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur städers strävan efter global konkurrenskraft påverkar de lokala invånarna som bor i informella bostadsområden, så kallade sluminvånare. För att besvara frågeställningen har vi utfört en fallstudie av det informella bostadsområdet ‘favela’ Santa Marta i Rio de Janeiro. Santa Martas allmänna platser har studerats för att få en förståelse för hur Rios strävan efter global status har påverkat hanteringen av favelans allmänna platser och följaktligen dess sluminvånare. Rio de Janeiro använder sig av en internationellt erkänd strategi för att bli globalt konkurrenskraftig, nämligen att anordna internationella mega-event. Inom en snar framtid kommer Rio vara en av värdstäderna för fotbolls VM, och två år senare ska staden vara värd för de Olympiska sommarspelen. Sportevenemangen används som ett politiskt verktyg för att attrahera turister och internationella investeringar som ett steg mot ökad global konkurrenskraft. Resultatet av vår studie visar dock att detta sker på bekostnad av stadens utsatta sluminvånare och att strävan efter global uppmärksamhet kan ha negativ inverkan på lokal nivå. De slumområden i Rio som kan tänkas bidra till en attraktiv bild av staden, alternativt innehar outnyttjad ekonomisk potential, blir integrerade i den formella staden. Invånarna i dessa områden blir negativt drabbade på en rad olika sätt. Exempelvis har ett flertal människor blivit vräkta då området de bor på kan användas till mer ekonomiskt lönsamma ändamål. Avlägsna slumområden utan ekonomiskt intresse blir dock ignorerade. Resultat från vår studie visar att när städer planerar för en ökad global konkurrenskraft använder de sig av neoliberala marknadsstrategier, som mega-event, eftersom detta anses vara det enda tillvägagångssättet för ekonomisk utveckling. Vi föreslår dock att denna rådande strategi behöver utvecklas, uppdateras och få sällskap av alternativa vägar mot utveckling då den i dagsläget leder till att mänskliga rättigheter bryts.

Submitted by Paulo Junior (paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-12-14T19:44:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Mario.pdf: 1047144 bytes, checksum: 4739256da6fea7f80703770f5e351bfc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paulo Junior(paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-12-14T19:45:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Mario.pdf: 1047144 bytes, checksum: 4739256da6fea7f80703770f5e351bfc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-02-18T12:15:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Mario.pdf: 1047144 bytes, checksum: 4739256da6fea7f80703770f5e351bfc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-28 / This study aimed to verify to what extent the impacts and legacies of the implementation of the 2007 Pan American Games changed the social conditions and way of use of the urban space in Rio de Janeiro. It was taken into account that the Americas‟ competition is inserted in the application of the global city concepts, since the international sports festivals were transformed into mega events inside the consolidation of the competitive urban planning thought. In order to contextualize this analysis, it was needed a research on the urban history of the host cities at the intersection of two movements: the global city and mega events. Considering the that the decision to conduct the mega event in Rio was taken by the public sphere, as well as its financing, the state spending was analyzed and reclassified according to O‟Connor‟s methodology (1977), and afterwards divided into the functions of accumulation and of legitimacy, in order to identify the advantaged and disadvantaged by effected public policy. The research results showed that there was a deepening of the social and urban inequality and urban, through transfers of public resources for the dominance of private capital. / O presente estudo objetivou verificar até que ponto os impactos e o legado da implementação dos Jogos Pan-americanos de 2007 alteraram as condições sociais e a forma de utilização do espaço urbano na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Considerou-se que a competição das Américas esteja inserida na aplicação dos conceitos da cidade global, uma vez que os festivais esportivos internacionais se transformaram em megaeventos na esteira da consolidação do pensamento do planejamento urbano competitivo. Para contextualizar essa análise foi necessária uma pesquisa sobre a trajetória urbana da cidade-sede na interseção dos dois movimentos: cidade global e megaeventos. Tendo em vista que a decisão da realização do megaevento carioca foi tomada pela esfera pública, assim como o seu financiamento, foram analisados os gastos estatais e reclassificados, segundo a metodologia de O‟Connor (1977), e divididos nas funções de acumulação e de legitimação com o intuito de identificar os favorecidos e os desfavorecidos pela política pública efetivada. Os resultados da investigação sinalizam um aprofundamento da desigualdade social e urbana, via transferências de recursos públicos para o domínio do capital privado

В 2018 году пройдет Чемпионат мира по футболу в России. Несомненно, организация такого мероприятия сопровождается не только большим уровнем затрат, но и возможностью привлечения инвестиций в города, принимающие матчи Чемпионата Мира. Задачей администрации города и правительства области становится создание условий для эффективного использования наследия Чемпионата мира. Оценкой эффективности данного наследия может стать инвестиционная привлекательность города после проведения Чемпионата мира. Попытке определить инвестиционную привлекательность спортивного мегасобытия и посвящена данная работа. / In 2018 will be the World Cup in Russia. Undoubtedly, the organization of this event is accompanied by not only a high level of cost, but also by ability to attract investment in the host cities of the World Cup matches. Creation of conditions for effective use of heritage of the World Cup becomes a problem of a city administration and the government of the region. Investment appeal of the city after holding the World Cup can become an efficiency evaluation of this heritage. This work is also devoted to attempt to determine investment appeal of a sports Mega-event.