Mental health professionals (MHPs) play a pivotal role in enhancing treatment outcomes for drug-using populations and minimizing their harm to the public. In response to a gap in the literature, this study sought to (a) assess MHPs' attitudes about the use and abuse of substances and their perception of their role in tackling substance abuse and related disorders in Nigeria, (b) identify predictors of perception, and (c) explore regional variations in attitude. Based on the validated drug and drug users' problems perception questionnaire and the substance abuse attitude survey, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in a randomized sample of 292 MHPs practicing in neuropsychiatric hospitals and in the mental health departments of teaching hospitals from 4 geopolitical zones of Nigeria. A response rate of 81.1% was achieved. MHPs' attitude about substance use tended towards the non-permissive, stereotypical, and moralistic spectrum, and its role perception was distinctly defined. Educational attainment (O.R = 0.50, p = 0.030), work-motivation (O.R = 0.55, p < 0.0001), and role-support (O.R = 1.48, p < 0.0001) significantly predicted MHPs' role perception. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there were significant regional variations in the attitudes of multidisciplinary MHPs, H (3) 18.727, p < 0.0001. Step-down follow up analysis revealed that the distribution of attitude total score vary significantly between the south-southern and southwestern region (p< 0.001), the northeastern and southeastern region of the country (p < 0.028). To foster the rehabilitation of this population and its reintegration into mainstream society, a holistic approach toward the standardization of drug treatment is needed. It should take into account the cultural, religious, and ethnic differences predominating in different regions.

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Psychotherapist multicultural competence has been given increasing attention in the field of psychology since the 1970s. However, individuals and communities who are Black, Indigenous, or People of Color are still less likely to attend psychotherapy and often drop out earlier than White clients. These trends highlight the importance of the ongoing research on therapist multicultural competence. There are many multicultural competencies, however, the current study focuses on therapist cultural humility. Specifically, we systematically searched all the current research on the association between cultural humility and client experiences and outcomes in therapy. Our literature search yielded eight studies that met our search criteria. Next, we synthesized the data by conducting a meta-analysis using the metric of Pearson's r as the effect size. In addition, we aggregated average item-level therapist scores and the reliability coefficient of the Cultural Humility Scale (CHS; Hook et al., 2013). We found a moderate positive correlation between client perceptions of therapist cultural humility and client experiences and outcomes in therapy of r = .39 (p < .05). Furthermore, we found the average item-level score to be 3.86 out of a maximum score of 5 (SE =.086), which corresponds with the rating of "mildly agree," indicating that clients typically perceive therapists to demonstrate cultural humility. Finally, we found CHS to be reliable across studies, with an average alpha coefficient of .91. These finding suggest that cultural humility is an important aspect of the psychotherapeutic relationship. Furthermore, they suggest that the CHS is a reliable measure and should continue to be used in future studies. Finally, because our review yielded only eight studies, more research on this relationship is needed.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:27:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Leme da Silva Pontes.pdf: 6305252 bytes, checksum: a578d78d1a2dce3c9190a51ba927523b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-15 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / The aim of this study is to investigate psychoanalytically the collective imaginary of mental health professionals regarding the contemporary adolescent. We decided to study this subject because we noticed some concern, among mental health professionals, in cases of mandatory referral of teenagers by a judicial order for psychiatric hospitalization. Individual interviews, organized around the use of Thematic Story- Drawing Procedure, were realized with twelve nursing technicians, participants were invited to draw a "contemporary teenager," and following this to write a story about the picture drawn. The productions were examined using psychoanalytic methodology, in an operational search for evidence in affective-emotional psychological fields. As a result of this investigation, we discovered an unconscious psychological field, called "H-Hour", governed by the belief/fear that adolescence is the time when the person acquires power and realize that, invariably, in destructive acts, assuming a position that coincides, basically, with what is described in literature as antisocial tendency. The material analysis raises theoretical and clinical reflections regarding the conditions that favor this clearly biased pathologization/criminalization, of a feature of contemporary adolescence. / O objetivo desse estudo ? investigar psicanaliticamente o imagin?rio coletivo de profissionais da ?rea da sa?de mental sobre o adolescente contempor?neo. Justifica-se, ? luz da observa??o de certa inquieta??o por parte de profissionais de sa?de mental, diante do encaminhamento compuls?rio de adolescentes por medida judicial para tratamento em equipamentos de interna??o psiqui?trica. Foram realizadas doze entrevistas individuais com t?cnicos de enfermagem, organizadas ao redor do uso do Procedimento de Desenhos-Est?rias com Tema, nas quais convidamos os participantes a desenharem um adolescente dos dias de hoje , para em seguida escreverem uma hist?ria sobre a figura desenhada. As produ??es foram consideradas a partir do m?todo psicanal?tico, operado em busca da capta??o de campos psicol?gicos de sentido afetivoemocional. Como resultado dessa investiga??o, captamos um campo psicol?gico inconsciente, denominado a hora h , regido pela cren?a/temor de que a adolesc?ncia ? o momento em que a pessoa adquire poder e o concretiza, invariavelmente, em atos destrutivos, assumindo um modo de ser que coincide, basicamente, com o que se descreve na literatura como tend?ncia antissocial. A an?lise do material suscita reflex?es te?rico-cl?nicas sobre as condi??es que favorecem esta patologiza??o/criminaliza??o, de fei??o nitidamente preconceituosa, sobre a adolesc?ncia contempor?nea.

Mental health professionals in all settings work with clients who are affected by trauma. Traumatic events expose mental health professionals to the negative psychological and emotional impact of witnessing and listening to client stories. Vicarious trauma is the emotional consequence of this empathic engagement with clients. The purpose of this correlational study was to identify predictors of vicarious trauma in mental health professionals that had not been studied before. The theoretical framework guiding the study was the Bowen family systems theory and the construct of differentiation of self. A regression analysis was conducted with a purposive sample of 83 licensed or certified mental health professionals from community counseling agencies in the Midwest. Five research questions were evaluated using multiple regression analysis and determined that subcomponents of differentiation of self (i.e., emotional reactivity, I position, emotional cutoff, and fusion with others) predicted vicarious trauma. An additional regression analysis showed that vicarious trauma was best predicted by 2 subcomponents of differentiation of self; emotional reactivity was the most significant predictor followed by I position. By identifying characteristics in mental health professionals that predict vicarious trauma, counselor educators and supervisors can better educate, train, develop programs, and advocate for the emotional welfare of mental health professionals in the field.

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2017-11-08T15:58:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Isaac Soares Bastos.pdf: 555940 bytes, checksum: 907768ba1e505fa9191477c2ad0862ce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-08T15:58:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Isaac Soares Bastos.pdf: 555940 bytes, checksum: 907768ba1e505fa9191477c2ad0862ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Being influenced by movements that arose mainly in France, England and Italy, care services for people suffering from some form of severe psychological distress have undergone through significant changes that favored the construction of new health paradigms, as well as new care devices. Such events brought about fairly fresh political, administrative and technical demands — as well as theoretical ones — that laid the groundwork for the construction of a novel field of knowledge that was diverse and heterogeneous (that one of the mental health), in which both worker and user reassessed their conceptions and practices regarding psychopathologies and their ways to treat them. Given this context, the present study had as its objective to verify how the CAPS worker perceives and intervenes before the user who presents or has presented a delirium state. Data were collected by using a socio-demographic questionnaire, a semi-structured interview technique and the participant observation. On the basis of proposals elaborated by Bardin, for the analysis and treatment of the data it was employed the Content Analysis technique. The data have revealed that the perception of the professional is created from conceptual axes, which we are going to divide into dualism of reality, nosographic, neurological, contextual and psychoanalytic. And it is from these axes that their intervention is configured. However, such axes are not demarcated or delimited in their theoretical or epistemological framework. They intersect and cross each other, producing a blended, eclectic intervention that sometimes is also done or based only on the experience and commitment of the professional. / Influenciados por movimentos que surgiram principalmente na França, Inglaterra e Itália, os serviços de atenção a pessoas que padeciam de algum tipo de sofrimento psíquico grave passaram por significativas mudanças que favoreceram a construção de novos paradigmas de saúde, como também novos dispositivos de atendimento. Tais acontecimentos trouxeram exigências politicas, administrativas, técnicas – como também teóricas – bastantes novas que propiciou a construção de um campo de saber diverso e heterogêneo (o da saúde mental) onde trabalhador e usuário reavaliaram suas concepções e práticas a respeito das psicopatologias e de suas formas de tratar. Diante desse contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar como o trabalhador do CAPS percebe e intervém frente ao usuário que apresenta ou apresentou um quadro de delírio. Para coleta de dados foi utilizado questionário sócio demográfico, a técnica de entrevista semiestruturada. Para análise e tratamento dos dados foi empregada a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo tendo por base as propostas elaboradas por Bardin. Os dados revelaram que a percepção do profissional se faz a partir de eixos conceituais que dividimos em: dualismo de realidade, nosográfico, neurológico, contextual e psicanalítico. E é a partir deles que a sua intervenção se configura. No entanto, elas não se fazem demarcadas ou delimitadas em seu arcabouço teórico ou epistemológico. Eles se entrecortam e se atravessam e produz uma intervenção mesclada, eclética e que, por vezes também, se faz ou se baseia apenas na experiência e empenho do profissional.

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Computer technology is developing so rapidly that the extent to which it is being utilized by counselors and counselor educators in their work is virtually unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess how much and in what ways counselor experts believe computer-related technology (CRT) is being utilized by professional counselors today. An additional purpose of this study was to determine projected use of CRT by the year 2008.Data were collected by means of a modified futures Delphi method in which a panel of 21 counselor experts comprised of one group of counselor educators, three groups of counselor practitioners, and one group of computer technologists completed three rounds of questions. The study, which was conducted entirely on the World Wide Web, requested Likert-type ratings of 53 generic work-related tasks in eight task categories for frequency of CRT use to accomplish the tasks and reasons for the selections. In addition, panelists rated ten specific CRT tools for frequency of use, and supplied written examples of current and future CRT use by counseling professionals.The findings of the study indicate counselors and counselor educators are using a large variety of CRT tools, including word processors, spread sheets, a variety of software programs, e-mail, chatrooms, listservs, databases, and other web-related tools to assist them in over half of job-related tasks today. Experts forecast CRT use by counselors will significantly increase by the year 2008, when professional counselors are expected to utilize CRT for at least 90% of their work-related tasks.It is suggested that findings of this study may provide an important foundation for much needed research investigating potential differences between therapeutic work accomplished with the help of CRT and traditional therapy, i.e., face-to-face therapy, in which computer technology is not utilized. Finally, results establish the need to implement and promote computer skills training and competency assessments in counselor education programs. / Ph. D.