Bakgrund Det uppskattas att 50 miljoner människor världen över lever med demens och år 2030 förväntas siffran stiga till 82 miljoner människor. Hos majoriteten av dessa förekommer beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom vilket orsakar lidande, sänkt livskvalitet och tidigare institutionalisering för personen. För personer med beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom ska icke-farmakologiska, personcentrerade omvårdnadsåtgärder prioriteras. Musiklyssnande är en relativt enkel icke-farmakologisk omvårdnadsåtgärd som kan utföras av allmänsjuksköterskan på såväl sjukhus som omsorgsboende.  Syfte Syftet var att beskriva hur musiklyssnande som omvårdnadsåtgärd påverkar personer med beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom vid demens.  Metod Metoden som användes var icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt. Resultatet baserades på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar av kvantitativ metod. Databaserna som användes för inhämtning avartiklarna var Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature och PubMed. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades utifrån Sophiahemmet Högskolas bedömningsunderlag. Resultatet sammanställdes genom integrativ analysmetod där resultatet delades in i lämpliga kategorier.  Resultat Musiklyssnande sågs ha en påverkan på flera av de beteendemässiga och psykiska symtomen samt välbefinnandet hos deltagarna. Majoriteten av studierna visade på en positiv påverkan. De mest framkomna resultaten var minskad agitation och ökat välbefinnande. Musiklyssnande hade oftast en omedelbar påverkan och det förekom även långsiktig påverkan i vissa studier.  Slutsats Sammanställningen av studierna visade att musiklyssnande kan ha positiv påverkan på personer med demens genom att minska beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom och öka välbefinnandet för personen, i synnerhet om musik används ur ett personcentrerat perspektiv. Det finns behov av vidare empiriska studier av kvalitativ metod för att få en djupare förståelse för ämnet, samt litteraturöversikter som inkluderar artiklar där valet av mätinstrument i studierna är mer konsekvent. / Background  It is estimated that 50 million people live with dementia worldwide, and by 2030, the number is expected to rise to 82 million people. Most people with dementia experiences behavioural and psychological symptoms which causes suffering, lowered quality of life and earlier institutionalisation for the person. Non-pharmacological, person-centered care is prioritized for people with behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Music listening is a simple non-pharmacological act of care which can be executed by nurses in hospitals as well as nursing homes. Aim The aim was to describe how music listening as an act of care affects people with behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Method The method was a non-systematic literature review. The result was based on 15 scientific articles of quantitative methods. The databases used for data collection were Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and PubMed. The quality of the articles were assessed using Sophiahemmet Högskolas quality assessment tool. The result was compiled using integrative analysis where the result was divided into appropriate categories. Results Music listening affected several of the behavioural and psychological symptoms and well-being. The majority of the studies showed a positive impact. The most emerging results were decreased agitation and increased well-being. Music listening had an impact on the person immediately. A long-term impact was measured in some studies. Conclusions The compilation of the studies implied that music listening has a positive impact by decreasing behavioural and psychological symptoms and increasing well-being for people with dementia, especially when used from a person-centered perspective. There is a need for empirical studies of qualitative methods to gain a deeper understanding, as well as further literature reviews including studies that use the same assessment tools.

Objectives: The Distress Thermometer (DT) is a validated and widely used screening tool to identify clinically relevant distress in cancer patients. It is unclear, to which extend subjectively perceived distress measured by the DT is related to objective burden (mental disorder). We therefore examine the co-occurrence of a mental disorder for different DT thresholds and explore the diagnostic properties of the DT in detecting a mental disorder. Methods: In this multicenter cross-sectional study, we included 4,020 patients with mixed cancer diagnoses. After selection of relevant cases, weighting procedure and imputation of missing data we evaluated the data of N = 3,212 patients. We used the DT to assess perceived distress and the standardized Composite International Diagnostic Interview for Oncology (CIDI-O) to assess the 4-week prevalence of mental disorders. The association between distress and any mental disorder (MD) is calculated using Pearson correlations. Relative risks for MD in patients with/without distress and the co-occurrence of distress and MD were calculated with Poisson regression. To assess the operating characteristics between distress and MD, we present the area under the curve (AUC). Results: 22.9% of the participants had a cut-off DT level of 5 and were affected by MD. Each level of distress co-occurs with MD. The proportion of patients diagnosed with MD was not greater than the proportion of patients without MD until distress levels of DT = 6 were reached. The correlation between DT and MD was r = 0.27. The ROCanalysis shows the area under curve (AUC) = 0.67, which is classified as unsatisfactory. With increasing distress severity, patients are not more likely to have a mental disorder. Conclusion: Our results suggests viewing and treating cancer-related distress as a relatively distinct psychological entity. Cancer-related distress may be associated with an increased risk for a mental disorder and vice versa, but the overlap of both concepts is very moderate.

Introduktion: Tidigare forskning visar att det finns flera olika faktorer som bidrar till följsamhet vid läkemedelsbehandling av psykisk sjukdom, både möjligheter och svårigheter. En viktig uppgift som psykiatrisjuksköterskan har i mötet med patienter som lider av psykisk sjukdom är att psykiatrisjuksköterskan ska motivera patienten till att ta emot rekommenderad läkemedelsbehandling. Det är av värde att göra en översikt gällande aktuell forskning kring omvårdnadsmetoder och åtgärder som kan vidtas av psykiatrisjuksköterskan för att motivera patienter med psykisk sjukdom till följsamhet vid läkemedelsbehandling. Syfte: Syfte med denna studie är att undersöka hur sjuksköterskor inom psykiatrisk vård kan motivera personer med psykisk sjukdom till följsamhet vid läkemedelsbehandling. Metod: Metoden för detta examensarbete var litteraturöversikt bestående av 21 vetenskapliga artiklar, varav 14 kvantitativa, 5 kvalitativa och två med mixad metod. Vid litteratursökningenanvändes databaserna Pubmed och CINAHL. Resultat: Analysen av data resulterade i fyra kategorier (figur 3) vilket beskriver hur en sjuksköterska inom psykiatrisk vård kan motivera patienter med psykisk sjukdom tillföljsamhet vid läkemedelsbehandling. Dom fyra kategorierna blev: Den terapeutiska relationen och stöd från anhöriga vid följsamhet till läkemedelsbehandling, Psykoedukation för följsamhet till läkemedelsbehandling, Följsamhetsterapi för läkemedelsbehandling och Andra interventioner för att motivera till följsamhet vid läkemedelsbehandling. Slutsats: Det finns flera olika omvårdnadsinterventioner som specialistsjuksköterskan i psykiatrisk vård kan använda sig av för att motivera patienten att ta emot läkemedel och följa rekommenderad läkemedelsbehandling. Dessa omvårdnadsinterventioner överensstämmer med Roys anpassningsteori där Roy beskriver sjuksköterskans roll i patientens anpassningsförmåga och hur sjuksköterskan hjälper individer att hitta strategier för att hantera olika situationer samt ger individer möjligheter och stöd om behovet finns / Introduction: Previous research has shown that there are several different factors that contributes to adherence to drug treatment of mental illness, both opportunities and difficulties. An important task that the psychiatric nurse has in the meeting with patients suffering from mental illness is that the psychiatric nurse should motivate the patient to accept recommended drug treatment. It is of value to make an overview of current research on the different methods and measures that can be used by the psychiatric nurse to motivate patients with mental illness to adherence to drug treatment. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate on how nurses in psychiatric care can motivate people with mental illness to adherence to drug treatment. Method: The method for this thesis was a literature review consisting of 21 scientific articles, of which 14 quantitative, 5 Qualitative and two with mixed method. The databases Pubmed and CINAHL were used in the literature search. Results: The analysis of the data resulted in four categories (figure 3), which describes how a nurse in psychiatric care can motivate patients with mental illness to adherence to drug treatment. The four categories were: The therapeutic relationship and support from relatives to motivate adherence to drugtreatment, Psychoeducation for adherence to drug treatment, Adherence therapy for drug treatment and Other interventions to motivate adherence to drug treatment. Conclusion: There are several different nursing interventions that the specialist nurse in psychiatric care can use to motivate a patient to receive medication and follow recommended drug treatment. These nursing interventions are consistent with Roy's adaptation theory where Roy describes the nurse's role in the patient's adaptation capability and how the nurse helps individuals find strategies to handle different situations and gives individuals opportunities and support if needed.

Perceptions can be influenced by the media concerning different groups of people. As a result of the importance of the media in how individuals obtain information and formulate opinions, how different groups are presented whether negatively or positively is important. This research examines the portrayal of mental illness in films and the impact that such portrayals have on the perceptions of mental illness of the viewers. Mental illness representations can be found quite prevalently among film and the way in which it is represented can be important as to how populations perceive those with mental disorders. This thesis looks to explore perceptions of mental illness and beliefs from those who have viewed films that portray characters with mental disorders. Through the use of an online survey, one hundred and ninety five participants provided data for this study. Based on previous research, it was hypothesized that individuals who had seen more films portraying mental illness would have more knowledge and sympathy regarding mental illness compared those who had seen less films portraying mental illness. It was also hypothesized that social stereotypes surrounding mental disorders would be present in the knowledge that individuals had more so than factual data about mental disorders. Women were predicted to express more sympathy than men. A statistical analysis program was used to analyze the resulting data including the use of correlations and t-tests. Evidence indicated that the amount of films viewed portraying mental illness did not have an impact on knowledge or sympathy regarding mental illness. Perceptions of mental illness are still a relevant topic and the awareness of facts surrounding mental disorders should continue to be spread.

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No description available.

Bakgrund: Socialstyrelsen beskriver att “Psykiatriska tillstånd är psykisk ohälsa där kraven för en psykiatrisk diagnos är uppfyllda”. Flera kriterier måste vara uppfyllda för att en diagnos ska kunna fastställas och individens symtom ska även ha orsakat en försämring av sin psykiska funktionsförmåga samt ha varit närvarande under en sammanhängande period. Vanligtvis ska dessa symtom ha varit närvarande i minst 14 dagar. Individer som lever med en allvarlig psykiatrisk sjukdom dör 10-20 år i förtid jämfört med resten av befolkningen och har en ökad risk för hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar samt andra somatiska sjukdomar. Orsakerna till detta inkluderar fördröjd diagnos, farmakologiska interaktioner, ohälsosam livsstil och otillräcklig behandling. Självmord är även en orsak till att denna patientgrupp ofta dör tidigare än andra individer. Tidigare forskning visar att dessa patienter har flera medicinska sjukdomar och erhåller sämre vård än den allmänna befolkningen. Bristande vårdsamordning och stigma är en av orsakerna till att dessa patienter har tillgång till en ojämlik vård.  Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva erfarenheter av palliativ vård hos patienter som lever med psykiatriskt tillstånd - ur vårdpersonalens perspektiv. Metod: Studien är en litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ metod som är baserad på 14 vetenskapliga artiklar och är analyserad med tematisk analys.  Resultat: I resultatet framkom fyra huvudteman: Utmaningar inom palliativ vård, erfarenheter av kommunikation, tillgång till palliativ vård och önskat behov av teamarbete. Dessa huvudteman delades sedan in i sex underteman.  Slutsats: Studier indikerar att det finns en stor kunskapslucka hos vårdpersonal när det kommer till att bemöta patienter med psykiatriska tillstånd som samtidigt har ett palliativt vårdbehov. Detta påverkar vårdpersonalens förmåga att bemöta denna patientgrupp på ett värdigt sätt och att kunna hålla viktiga samtal kring döden. En god kommunikation och tillgänglighet mellan specialistsjuksköterskan och patienter är avgörande för att bygga förtroende och möta patientens behov och önskemål. Genom att ta del av denna litteraturöversikt kan specialistsjuksköterskan få en ökad förståelse för de specifika utmaningar och behov som denna patientgrupp ha / Background: Socialstyrelsen describes that "Psychiatric conditions are mental health disorders where the criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis are met." Several criteria must be fulfilled for a diagnosis to be established, and the individual's symptoms should have caused a deterioration in their mental functioning and have been present for a continuous period. Typically, these symptoms should have been present for at least 14 days. Individuals living with a severe psychiatric illness die 10-20 years prematurely compared to the general population and have an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and other somatic illnesses. The reasons for this include delayed diagnosis, pharmacological interactions, unhealthy lifestyle, and inadequate treatment. Suicide is also a contributing factor to why this patient group often dies earlier than others. Previous research shows that these patients have multiple medical conditions and receive poorer care than the general population. Lack of care coordination and stigma are among the reasons why these patients have access to unequal care.  Aim: The aim was to describe the experiences and expectations of palliative care among patients living with psychiatric conditions - from patients'and healthcare professionals' perspectives. Method: A systematic literature review based on 14 scientific articles that were analyzed with thematic analysis. Results: The results revealed four main themes: Challenges in palliative care, experiences of communication, access to palliative care and desired need for teamwork. These main themes were then divided into six sub-themes. Conclusion: Studies indicate that there is a significant knowledge gap among healthcare professionals when it comes to addressing patients with psychiatric conditions who also have palliative care needs. This affects healthcare professionals' ability to care for this patient group in a dignified manner and to engage in important end-of-life discussions. Good communication and accessibility between the specialist nurse and patients are crucial for building trust and meeting the needs and preferences of the patient. By engaging with this literature review, the specialist nurse can gain a better understanding of the specific challenges and needs of this patient group.

Bakgrund: Socialstyrelsen beskriver att “Psykiatriska tillstånd är psykisk ohälsa där kraven för en psykiatrisk diagnos är uppfyllda”. Flera kriterier måste vara uppfyllda för att en diagnos ska kunna fastställas och individens symtom ska även ha orsakat en försämring av sin psykiska funktionsförmåga samt ha varit närvarande under en sammanhängande period. Vanligtvis ska dessa symtom ha varit närvarande i minst 14 dagar. Individer som lever med en allvarlig psykiatrisk sjukdom dör 10-20 år i förtid jämfört med resten av befolkningen och har en ökad risk för hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar samt andra somatiska sjukdomar. Orsakerna till detta inkluderar fördröjd diagnos, farmakologiska interaktioner, ohälsosam livsstil och otillräcklig behandling. Självmord är även en orsak till att denna patientgrupp ofta dör tidigare än andra individer. Tidigare forskning visar att dessa patienter har flera medicinska sjukdomar och erhåller sämre vård än den allmänna befolkningen. Bristande vårdsamordning och stigma är en av orsakerna till att dessa patienter har tillgång till en ojämlik vård.  Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva erfarenheter av palliativ vård hos patienter som lever med psykiatriskt tillstånd - ur vårdpersonalens perspektiv. Metod: Studien är en litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ metod som är baserad på 14 vetenskapliga artiklar och är analyserad med tematisk analys.  Resultat: I resultatet framkom fyra huvudteman: Utmaningar inom palliativ vård, erfarenheter av kommunikation, tillgång till palliativ vård och önskat behov av teamarbete. Dessa huvudteman delades sedan in i sex underteman.  Slutsats: Studier indikerar att det finns en stor kunskapslucka hos vårdpersonal när det kommer till att bemöta patienter med psykiatriska tillstånd som samtidigt har ett palliativt vårdbehov. Detta påverkar vårdpersonalens förmåga att bemöta denna patientgrupp på ett värdigt sätt och att kunna hålla viktiga samtal kring döden. En god kommunikation och tillgänglighet mellan specialistsjuksköterskan och patienter är avgörande för att bygga förtroende och möta patientens behov och önskemål. Genom att ta del av denna litteraturöversikt kan specialistsjuksköterskan få en ökad förståelse för de specifika utmaningar och behov som denna patientgrupp har. / Background: Socialstyrelsen describes that "Psychiatric conditions are mental health disorders where the criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis are met." Several criteria must be fulfilled for a diagnosis to be established, and the individual's symptoms should have caused a deterioration in their mental functioning and have been present for a continuous period. Typically, these symptoms should have been present for at least 14 days. Individuals living with a severe psychiatric illness die 10-20 years prematurely compared to the general population and have an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and other somatic illnesses. The reasons for this include delayed diagnosis, pharmacological interactions, unhealthy lifestyle, and inadequate treatment. Suicide is also a contributing factor to why this patient group often dies earlier than others. Previous research shows that these patients have multiple medical conditions and receive poorer care than the general population. Lack of care coordination and stigma are among the reasons why these patients have access to unequal care.  Aim: The aim was to describe the experiences and expectations of palliative care among patients living with psychiatric conditions - from patients'and healthcare professionals' perspectives. Method: A systematic literature review based on 14 scientific articles that were analyzed with thematic analysis. Results: The results revealed four main themes: Challenges in palliative care, experiences of communication, access to palliative care and desired need for teamwork. These main themes were then divided into six sub-themes. Conclusion: Studies indicate that there is a significant knowledge gap among healthcare professionals when it comes to addressing patients with psychiatric conditions who also have palliative care needs. This affects healthcare professionals' ability to care for this patient group in a dignified manner and to engage in important end-of-life discussions. Good communication and accessibility between the specialist nurse and patients are crucial for building trust and meeting the needs and preferences of the patient. By engaging with this literature review, the specialist nurse can gain a better understanding of the specific challenges and needs of this patient group.

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a disabling condition characterized by chronic emotion dysregulation and behavioral impulsivity. Prospective studies that test proposed mechanisms of within-person change in BPD hold the key to improving symptom predictability and control in this disorder. A small body of evidence suggests that fluctuations in estradiol such as those occurring naturally at ovulation during the monthly female reproductive cycle may increase symptoms in women with BPD (DeSoto et al., 2003). Furthermore, there is preliminary evidence that both self-esteem and feelings of social rejection are highest at ovulation, when estradiol peaks (Durante and Hill, 2009; Eisenlohr-Moul et al., under review). Such feelings have been reliably linked to increases in BPD-related behavior in all individuals (e.g., Twenge et al., 2002). The purpose of this dissertation was to test a cyclical vulnerability model for women with BPD in which ovulatory estradiol shifts are associated with reductions in felt social acceptance, which in turn are associated with increased BPD symptom expression. 40 women, sampled to achieve a flat distribution of BPD symptoms, completed 28 daily diaries online, as well as four 1-hour weekly visits to the laboratory to complete longer assessments and provide saliva samples, which were assayed for estradiol. In addition, participants underwent the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnosis of BPD at the end of the study. Results of multilevel models revealed the opposite of the predicted effects of within-person changes in estradiol and their interaction with trait BPD. The data suggest a pattern in which women high in trait BPD show increases in felt acceptance and reductions in BPD symptom expression at higher levels of conception probability and higher-than-usual levels of estradiol. Women low in trait BPD show the opposite pattern in some cases. Several alternative moderators were tested, and results suggest that some risk factors for BPD (e.g., Neuroticism, Sexual Abuse) interact with high trait levels of estradiol to predict greater symptoms. Both average levels of estradiol and monthly fluctuations in estradiol may have relevance for women with BPD. It is recommended that future studies utilize clinical samples and additional physiological measures to further elucidate the mechanisms through which estradiol exerts clinically-relevant change.

Background: Vietnam suffers consequences of global warming. There is limited data of the relationship between weather, extreme heat and potential mental health problems. It is therefore crucial to study heat-related mental illnesses and to establish good solutions with relevant adaptations to global warming. The adaptation measures should give attention to people that live in areas facing annual extreme weather, and protecting health in general and more specifically mental health of citizens. The study aimed to examine relationships between weather patterns, extreme heat or heatwaves, and mental disorders, and to investigate factors contributing to increased vulnerability and susceptibility. Methods: The thesis includes a systematic review and a hospital-based study using data from the Hanoi Mental Hospital for five years (2008 – 2012), with mental disorders diagnosed by ICD10 (F00-99) to estimate the effects of weather variation, seasonality, increased temperatures, and heatwaves on hospital admissions for depression and other mental disorders. A negative binomial regression model accounting for yearly study period, time trends, and day of the week was used to analyze the relationship between seasonality, heatwaves, and monthly and daily mental disorder hospitalizations. Results: Our findings showed (i) a general tendency for more admissions between May and December, with a seasonal bi-annual high between May-June and November-December, and elevated ambient temperature was significantly related to increasing admissions for depressive disorders; (ii) the number of hospital cases for mental disorders increased in the summer seasone specially in June, and two percent of cases emerged during elevated temperature of one degree Celsius; and (iii) when compared with non-heatwave periods, heatwaves amounted to increasing risks for admission for the whole group of mental disorders (F00-79), and admissions for mental disorders among residents in rural communities and in the elderly population increased significantly during heatwaves. Conclusion: There were associations between hospital admissions for depression and other mental disorders and seasonality, weather patterns, elevated temperatures, and heatwaves. The associations grew stronger with the length of the heatwaves and particularly the elderly appeared more sensitive to seasonality, hot weather and heatwaves.