This study is concerned with how illiteracy impact consumers when navigating through the market place to have their needs met.These effects are researched in the Kumasi metropolis in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The overall goal of the thesis is to investigate the problems that functionally illiterate consumers encounter when navigating through the Marketplace.The results show that functionally illiterate consumers at the Kumasi metropolis do face problems when navigating through the market place and that these problems are related to the retail marketing mix such as product, price, place, people, promotion and process.

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / Mental health is one of the most neglected issues among school-going adolescents, with the result that little is known about aspects of these young people in the South African context. Given the stressors encountered by adolescents in the South African context specifically, there is a great need for research into which health-promoting behavioural and coping strategies adolescents use to buffer the negative consequences of these stressors on their mental health and overall psychological well-being.

About 30.00% of schizophrenic patients fail to respond to conventional antipsychotics. Clozapine shows superior efficacy, for both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, over conventional antipsychotics. The reputation of clozapine lies mainly with its repeated proven efficacy in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia. However, clozapine has quite a severe side effect profile. Patients receiving clozapine therapy may develop serious adverse effects such as agranulocytosis, neutropenia and metabolic syndrome. Therefore guidelines are required which recommend that regular haematological and metabolic monitoring be performed. These monitoring guidelines should assist medical practitioners in the early detection and reporting of serious adverse effects associated with clozapine therapy. South Africa lacks uniform provincial or national guidelines regulating practices in the treatment of mental disorders. International guidelines may be considered, which are not specifically adapted for the South African setting. These guidelines recommend both the haematological and metabolic monitoring of clozapine. At present there are no South African guidelines recommending the metabolic monitoring of clozapine. The general aim of the study was to determine the prescribing and monitoring patterns of clozapine at Elizabeth Donkin Hospital in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. Due to the absence of specific South African guidelines and the severe side effect profile of clozapine, some of the research objectives were to determine whether the initiation of clozapine, as well as the haematological and metabolic monitoring performed, was compliant with international clinical guidelines. In this pharmacoepidemiological study a retrospective drug utilisation review was performed. The study was observational in design and included quantitative data. Data were collected from the files of 65 patients (N=65) discharged on clozapine between 1 December 2010 and 29 February 2012. Follow-up investigations were performed at the clinics and long-term care centres both three months and six months after discharge. In 52.30% (n=34) of the cases clozapine was previously prescribed. Compliance with the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines for the appropriate initiation of clozapine was 63.10% (n=41). Compliance with the Standard Treatment guidelines for the initiation of clozapine by a psychiatrist was 63.10% (n=41). Noncompliance with the recommended guidelines for haematological monitoring occurred in 77.40% of patients in the hospital setting (n=48) as well as in 95.70% of patients during the three-month follow-up at the clinics (n=44). Non-compliance with the guidelines for metabolic monitoring occurred in all the observed patients in the hospital setting (n=62) as well as in 45.70% of patients in the clinic setting (n=21). It was found that 71.00% (n=46) of patients were still on clozapine three months after discharge and 65.00% (n=42) were still on clozapine six months after discharge from hospital, resulting in discontinuation rates of 29.00% and 35.00% respectively. It was found that clozapine was inadequately monitored although in most cases the initiation of clozapine was compliant with the recommended guidelines. However, practitioners should be trained on the existing prescribing and monitoring guidelines to promote the rational use of clozapine in the public health sector of South Africa. / MPham (Pharmacy Practice), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

About 30.00% of schizophrenic patients fail to respond to conventional antipsychotics. Clozapine shows superior efficacy, for both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, over conventional antipsychotics. The reputation of clozapine lies mainly with its repeated proven efficacy in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia. However, clozapine has quite a severe side effect profile. Patients receiving clozapine therapy may develop serious adverse effects such as agranulocytosis, neutropenia and metabolic syndrome. Therefore guidelines are required which recommend that regular haematological and metabolic monitoring be performed. These monitoring guidelines should assist medical practitioners in the early detection and reporting of serious adverse effects associated with clozapine therapy. South Africa lacks uniform provincial or national guidelines regulating practices in the treatment of mental disorders. International guidelines may be considered, which are not specifically adapted for the South African setting. These guidelines recommend both the haematological and metabolic monitoring of clozapine. At present there are no South African guidelines recommending the metabolic monitoring of clozapine. The general aim of the study was to determine the prescribing and monitoring patterns of clozapine at Elizabeth Donkin Hospital in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. Due to the absence of specific South African guidelines and the severe side effect profile of clozapine, some of the research objectives were to determine whether the initiation of clozapine, as well as the haematological and metabolic monitoring performed, was compliant with international clinical guidelines. In this pharmacoepidemiological study a retrospective drug utilisation review was performed. The study was observational in design and included quantitative data. Data were collected from the files of 65 patients (N=65) discharged on clozapine between 1 December 2010 and 29 February 2012. Follow-up investigations were performed at the clinics and long-term care centres both three months and six months after discharge. In 52.30% (n=34) of the cases clozapine was previously prescribed. Compliance with the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines for the appropriate initiation of clozapine was 63.10% (n=41). Compliance with the Standard Treatment guidelines for the initiation of clozapine by a psychiatrist was 63.10% (n=41). Noncompliance with the recommended guidelines for haematological monitoring occurred in 77.40% of patients in the hospital setting (n=48) as well as in 95.70% of patients during the three-month follow-up at the clinics (n=44). Non-compliance with the guidelines for metabolic monitoring occurred in all the observed patients in the hospital setting (n=62) as well as in 45.70% of patients in the clinic setting (n=21). It was found that 71.00% (n=46) of patients were still on clozapine three months after discharge and 65.00% (n=42) were still on clozapine six months after discharge from hospital, resulting in discontinuation rates of 29.00% and 35.00% respectively. It was found that clozapine was inadequately monitored although in most cases the initiation of clozapine was compliant with the recommended guidelines. However, practitioners should be trained on the existing prescribing and monitoring guidelines to promote the rational use of clozapine in the public health sector of South Africa. / MPham (Pharmacy Practice), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Urban spaces have appeared in literature for a long time and they seem to fascinate a lot of contemporary writers. The constructions of cities become exceptionally complex in postcolonial British fiction that portrays urban landscape from the perspective of first and second generation immigrants from Britain's former colonies. All of the novels discussed in this work are set in London and the characters are immigrants of the South Asian and Caribbean diasporas in Britain: the thesis focuses namely on Brick Lane (Monica Ali), White Teeth (Zadie Smith) and Life Isn't All Ha Ha Hee Hee (Meera Syal). However, the work also makes short digressions to a number of older works which deal with the immigrant experience in London: The Lonely Londoners (Sam Selvon), The Satanic Verses (Salman Rushdie) and The Buddha of Suburbia (Hanif Kureishi). The entire thesis consists of five parts and begins with an introduction to several theoretical terms that are necessary for analyses of immigrant identities and urban spaces. All of the theory that is discussed in the first chapter is then applied to the chosen novels by Ali, Smith and Syal. Overall, the thesis focuses on the ways in which the ex-colonial subjects in the books perceive London according to their gender and the particular generation of immigrants that...

[pt] Este estudo é decorrente de uma inquietação a respeito de um tema bastante atual: A favela. A existência de uma crise urbana e habitacional na atualidade traz à tona a discussão sobre as favelas nas grandes metrópoles brasileiras, como uma das questões mais importantes a serem discutidas no espaço urbano. Cada vez mais as favelas estão evidenciadas na paisagem urbana, tornando-se necessário o entendimento da dinâmica das áreas faveladas e também da sua relação com a metrópole. Temos aqui o objetivo de mostrar a favela como a expressão de alguns conflitos no espaço urbano atual, utilizando como exemplo a Zona Sul da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, buscando apontar as principais contradições que envolvem a presença das áreas faveladas em bairros voltados para grupos sociais de alta renda na cidade. Buscamos, portanto, observar os elementos que expressam estes conflitos e entender até que ponto esta população favelada participa do cotidiano dos bairros em estudo, uma discussão que envolve, portanto, a questão do direito à cidade. Entendemos que estes conflitos são também simbólicos e perpassam a questão do estigma que envolve a favela e o favelado no Rio de Janeiro, por isso, buscamos também exemplificar o quanto estes conflitos e contradições contribuem para acirrar este estigma e a distância entre a favela e o bairro. / [en] This study is due to a concern about a very current topic: the slum. The existence of an urban and housing crisis in the news brings up the discussion on the slums in major Brazilian cities, as one of the most important issues to be discussed in the urban space. More and more are discussed in the slums in the urban landscape, making it necessary to understand the dynamics of slum areas and also its relationship with the metropolis. Here we have the objective of showing the slum as the expression of some conflicts in urban areas, utilizing the example of the South Zone of Rio de Janeiro, pointing the main contradictions involving the presence of the shantytowns in neighborhoods facing social groups high income in the city. We seek, therefore, to observe the elements that express these conflicts and to understand the extent to which this part of the slum population of the districts daily in the study, a discussion that involves, therefore, the issue of right to the city. We believe that these conflicts are also symbolic and run through the issue of stigma surrounding the slum and the slum in Rio de Janeiro, so, we seek also illustrate how these conflicts and contradictions contribute to exacerbate the stigma and the distance between the slum and the neighborhood.

Magister Pharmaceuticae - MPharm / The global movement towards enhancing inter-professional collaboration in patient care is in light of the increasing potency of drugs and complexity of drug regimens, particularly in the chronically ill where poly-pharmacy is rife, collaborative patient management by general practitioners and community pharmacists, in particular, has the potential to enhance patient therapeutic outcomes in primary healthcare. Literature from other parts of the world has enumerated the advantages of collaboration. South Africa with its unusual quadruple burden of disease and human resource deficient public healthcare system would benefit from collaboration between general practitioners and community pharmacists through expanded roles for community pharmacists to enable them to make more meaningful contributions to primary healthcare regimens. Particularly with the introduction of the National Health Insurance (NHI) programme. This dissertation aims to assess from general practitioners‟ perspectives: the current level and stage of collaboration (using the collaborative working relationship (CWR) model proposed by McDonough and Doucette, 2001) between general practitioners and community pharmacists in patient care, if general practitioners‟ perceptions of the professional roles of community pharmacists in patients‟ care can influence desired collaboration (prospects of enhanced future collaboration) and how do general practitioners envision enhanced future collaboration between them and community pharmacists in patient care, possible barriers to the envisioned collaboration between the two practitioners, and how general practitioners‟ demographic characteristics influence inter-professional collaboration with community pharmacists. Sixty randomly selected consenting general practitioners in private practice participated in a cross-sectional, face- to-face questionnaire study. The questionnaire contained a range of statements with Likert scale response options. Data was initially entered into Epi Info (version 3.5.1., 2008) and then exported to IBM SPSS Statistical software for analysis (version19, 2010). Medians were used to summarize descriptive data and Spearman‟s correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney U Test and Kruskal-Wallis Test was used for bivariate analysis. Ethical approval was granted by the Senate Research and International Relations Committee, University of the Western Cape (Ethical Clearance Number: 10/4/29). The results indicated low-levels of current collaboration at stage 0 of the CWR model between general practitioners and community pharmacists. A statistically significant correlation was observed between general practitioners‟ perceptions of the professional roles of community pharmacists and desired collaboration (prospects of enhanced future collaboration), [p=0.0005]. Good prospects of enhanced future collaboration between general practitioners and community pharmacists were observed. General practitioners identified barriers to collaboration to include: the lack of remuneration for collaboration, absence of a government mandate or policy supporting collaboration, inability of general practitioners to share patients‟ information with community pharmacists and questionable professional ethics exhibited by community pharmacists particularly over financial gains. Most general practitioners agreed that joint continuing professional education organized by pharmaceutical companies or other groups will increase interaction and enhance collaboration. Enhanced Inter-professional collaboration between general practitioners and community pharmacists‟ can be possible in the future but hindrances need to be eliminated for this to be achieved. Future research can be aimed at exploring the perspectives‟ of community pharmacists to inter-professional collaboration in South Africa and interventions that will enhance collaboration.

Orientador: Regina Célia Bega dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T09:55:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_IsaacRodrigues_M.pdf: 5444174 bytes, checksum: 0e963446dfd6b7c9bc260690081b94b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Esta dissertação discute a problemática da mobilidade urbana na metrópole paulistana, tendo como recorte espacial de análise a região Sudoeste, cujos municípios têm diferenças entre si no que diz respeito à disponibilidade de meios de transporte e de integração entre os modais, fenômeno que resulta em maior e menor mobilidade das pessoas que circulam diariamente pelo espaço urbano metropolitano, sobretudo em relação ao trajeto da moradia para o trabalho e vice versa. Sendo assim, os únicos beneficiados com um sistema de transporte desigual, do ponto de vista qualitativo entre os diversos lugares, sem dúvida são os empresários, que reproduzem seu capital de forma continua, sendo que o trabalhador paga alto preço para circular pela região metropolitana. Assim, a mobilidade é um dos elementos mais essenciais para o desenvolvimento da sociedade e para que haja uma apropriação efetiva do espaço urbano, sobretudo por parte dos mais pobres, para que haja, de fato, uma vivência plena no espaço urbano / Abstract: On this Master Thesis it will be discussed the issue of urban mobility in the metropolis of São Paulo, focusing the analysis to the Southwest region, whose municipalities have differences among themselves regarding to the availability of ways of transport and integration between modes, a phenomenon that results in higher and lower mobility of people circulating daily around the metropolitan urban space, especially towards to the route of their houses to work and vice versa. Therefore, the only benefited from an unequal transportation system, from a qualitative point of view among different locations, doubtless are the entrepreneurs who reproduce their capital continuously, because of the high prices paid by simple workers to circulate the around the metropolitan area. Thus, mobility is one of the most essential elements for the development of society and in order to create an effective appropriation of urban space, especially for the poorest people, and, in fact, provide a full experience in urban space / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia

Master of Public Health - MPH / This mini-thesis, assessed the use of ORT as a treatment for childhood diarrhoea in primary health care facilities in the Cape Metropole from the caregivers' perspective. Awareness and knowledge of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and the preparation abilities of sugar salt solution (SSS) by caregivers of children younger than 5 years attending the health facilities were assessed. The availability of resources and utensils for the use of ORS packets and SSS and the accessibility to health facilities by caregivers were also determined. Using a cross sectional descriptive study design, a baseline situation review was carried out. Primary health care facilities in three heath districts namely; Khayelitsha, Nyanga and Oostenberg were purposely selected. Ninety-two caregivers in 12 facilities participated in the study. Basic analyses of quantitative data were done using Epi-Info 2002 software. Qualitative data were analysed manually. The study found that according to caregivers, all facilities used ORS packets as their immediate treatment for uncomplicated diarrhoea, and recommended sugar salt Diarrhoea Management in PHC Facilities solution as home treatment. Ninety-one percent of caregivers used ORT at home before they presented to the health facility.Of the caregivers who were advised by the health worker to use SSS at home, 60.7%, 55.8% and 60.2% in Oostenberg, Khayelitsha and Nyanga districts respectively remembered the correct ingredients and quantities to make the solution at home. Of those given ORS packets, 94.5%, 99.0% and 98.5% respectively, remembered the quantity of water to be mixed with each packet. Packets were found to be convenient and were preferred by many caregivers as compared to SSS. The advice or health education messages given to caregivers were often unclear, and there were language barriers in Brighton and Bloekombos clinics in the Oostenberg district. A litre bottle was available in 47% of caregivers' homes, 82 % had a teaspoon and all of them had access to running water. Twelve percent and 11 % admitted to not having sugar and salt respectively when they wanted to make SSS. Eighty-eight percent walked to the health facility and 12% used taxis or buses. The study concludes that ORT is widely used in primary health care facilities for diarrhoeal disease treatment, however caregiver's knowledge and preparation abilities of SSS is still limited. The resources and utensils to prepare ORT at home were fairly available in many homes, which makes SSS preparation at home feasible and acceptable.

The presented thesis deals with the progress of life in the small village of Týnec nad Sázavou in connection with the formation and development of tourist interest in the region of Lower Posázaví. The progress, which was the outcome of local tourism, was reflected in the lifestyle changes made by the rural population. The important elements included new building projects and developmental opportunities in the region of Lower Posázaví, which included the construction of railways, repairing and building of road, electrification, installation of water supply and reconstruction of the state hotel in Týnec nad Sázavou. Included among the summer visitors were important and significant personalities of that period: successful entrepreneurs, scientists, politicians, writers, doctors and artists. One of the main personalities was Frantisek Janecek, who chose this township not only to spend his summer leisure time, but also for his business aims. His intentions had a great positive impact on the life of the population of Týnec nad Sázavou and its surroundings. The reflection of prosperity seen during the period of the first republic in this region remains evident till today.