Orientador :Iracilda Zeppone Carlos / Banca: Danielle Cardoso Geraldo Maia / Banca: Márcia Antoniazi Michelin / Banca: Dagmar Ruth Stach-Machado / Banca: Leila Aparecida Chiavacci / Resumo: Introdução: a integrina αvβ3 causa adesão celular à vitronectina e está expressa em diversos tumores humanos, mas está em níveis muito reduzidos nos tecidos normais, sendo mais notável em células derivadas da medula óssea. A desintegrina recombinante DisBa-01 se liga à integrina αvβ3, inibindo a adesão celular à vitronectina. Apresenta também uma capacidade antimetastática in vivo e antitrombótica in vitro. As micelas são sistemas de transporte que podem direcionar o fármaco ao tecido alvo de forma passiva, se acumulando onde a microvasculatura esteja mais permeável, como no caso do câncer. Objetivos: verificar a perda de adesão, a liberação de mediadores, a citotoxicidade e a anoikis gerados pela desintegrina DisBa-01, tanto em sua forma livre como incorporada em micelas, em linhagens celulares que expressem ou não a integrina αvβ3. Métodos: a desintegrina foi expressa em bactérias Escherichia coli a partir de um cDNA fusionado ao vetor pET28a, e então purificada por cromatografias e diálises. As micelas controle (M-C) ou contendo a desintegrina (M-DB) foram estruturadas com polissorbato 80 e fosfatidilcolina de soja, e foi observado o diâmetro médio e índice de polidispersidade por espalhamento dinâmico de luz, o potencial zeta por microeletroforese, a eficiência de encapsulação por dosagem protéica de Lowry, a avaliação estrutural da desintegrina encapsulada por espectroscopias de dicroísmo circular e de fluorescência e a estrutura das micelas pela curva de SAXS. As micelas e a proteína livre foram testadas em linhagens HUVEC e SC, contendo a integrina αvβ3, e K562, não contendo esta integrina. Foram avaliados a citotoxicidade pelo teste de MTT, a inibição de adesão celular ou descolamento a vitronectina e fibronectina por quantificação das células aderidas com cristal violeta, a anoikis por observação das células viáveis e em apoptose se aderidas ou não por MTT, Apo-Direct ... / Abstract: Introduction: integrin αvβ3 sustain cellular adhesion to vitronectin and is expressed on a diversity of human tumors but is present at very low levels on normal tissues, with notable expression on bone marrow-derived cells. The recombinant disintegrin DisBa-01 binds to αvβ3 integrin, inhibiting cell adhesion to vitronectin. It also features an in vivo anti-metastatic ability and in vitro anti-thrombotic function. Micelles are a transport system that can direct a drug to the target tissue passively, accumulating where microvasculature is more permeable, which happens on cancer. Objectives: to verify adhesion loss, mediators production, citotoxicity and anoikis generated by disintegrin DisBa-01, both in its free form or incorporated into micelles, in cell lines expressing or not αvβ3 integrin. Methods: the disintegrin was expressed in Escherichia coli using a cDNA fused to vector pET28a, and then purified by chromatography and dialyses. Control micelles (M-C) or containing disintegrin (M-DB) were assembled using polysorbate 80 and soy phosphatidylcholine, and it was observed the average diameter and polydispersity index by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential by microelectrophoresis, the efficiency of encapsulation by protein determination using Lowry reagent, structural assessment of disintegrin encapsulated by circular dichroism spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy and micelles' structure by SAXS curve. The protein free or incorporated into micelles were tested in HUVEC and SC, containing integrin αvβ3, and in K562, not containing this integrin. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay, inhibition of cell adhesion and detachment to vitronectin or fibronectin by quantifying the adherent cells with crystal violet, the anoikis by observation of viable cells and apoptosis, whether attached or not, by MTT, Apo-Direct and annexin V, and production of mediators VEGF-A, IL-8, TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-12 and ... / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-10-10Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:01:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000736177_20181010.pdf: 393728 bytes, checksum: e7efdc1d70357c8accce55f226b8cee1 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2018-10-19T12:50:41Z: 000736177_20181010.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-10-19T12:51:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000736177.pdf: 1699234 bytes, checksum: 7c74f9ca1ff900faa29c2fee3b7096f2 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Bolsa de estudos / Introdução: a integrina αvβ3 causa adesão celular à vitronectina e está expressa em diversos tumores humanos, mas está em níveis muito reduzidos nos tecidos normais, sendo mais notável em células derivadas da medula óssea. A desintegrina recombinante DisBa-01 se liga à integrina αvβ3, inibindo a adesão celular à vitronectina. Apresenta também uma capacidade antimetastática in vivo e antitrombótica in vitro. As micelas são sistemas de transporte que podem direcionar o fármaco ao tecido alvo de forma passiva, se acumulando onde a microvasculatura esteja mais permeável, como no caso do câncer. Objetivos: verificar a perda de adesão, a liberação de mediadores, a citotoxicidade e a anoikis gerados pela desintegrina DisBa-01, tanto em sua forma livre como incorporada em micelas, em linhagens celulares que expressem ou não a integrina αvβ3. Métodos: a desintegrina foi expressa em bactérias Escherichia coli a partir de um cDNA fusionado ao vetor pET28a, e então purificada por cromatografias e diálises. As micelas controle (M-C) ou contendo a desintegrina (M-DB) foram estruturadas com polissorbato 80 e fosfatidilcolina de soja, e foi observado o diâmetro médio e índice de polidispersidade por espalhamento dinâmico de luz, o potencial zeta por microeletroforese, a eficiência de encapsulação por dosagem protéica de Lowry, a avaliação estrutural da desintegrina encapsulada por espectroscopias de dicroísmo circular e de fluorescência e a estrutura das micelas pela curva de SAXS. As micelas e a proteína livre foram testadas em linhagens HUVEC e SC, contendo a integrina αvβ3, e K562, não contendo esta integrina. Foram avaliados a citotoxicidade pelo teste de MTT, a inibição de adesão celular ou descolamento a vitronectina e fibronectina por quantificação das células aderidas com cristal violeta, a anoikis por observação das células viáveis e em apoptose se aderidas ou não por MTT, Apo-Direct ... / Introduction: integrin αvβ3 sustain cellular adhesion to vitronectin and is expressed on a diversity of human tumors but is present at very low levels on normal tissues, with notable expression on bone marrow-derived cells. The recombinant disintegrin DisBa-01 binds to αvβ3 integrin, inhibiting cell adhesion to vitronectin. It also features an in vivo anti-metastatic ability and in vitro anti-thrombotic function. Micelles are a transport system that can direct a drug to the target tissue passively, accumulating where microvasculature is more permeable, which happens on cancer. Objectives: to verify adhesion loss, mediators production, citotoxicity and anoikis generated by disintegrin DisBa-01, both in its free form or incorporated into micelles, in cell lines expressing or not αvβ3 integrin. Methods: the disintegrin was expressed in Escherichia coli using a cDNA fused to vector pET28a, and then purified by chromatography and dialyses. Control micelles (M-C) or containing disintegrin (M-DB) were assembled using polysorbate 80 and soy phosphatidylcholine, and it was observed the average diameter and polydispersity index by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential by microelectrophoresis, the efficiency of encapsulation by protein determination using Lowry reagent, structural assessment of disintegrin encapsulated by circular dichroism spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy and micelles’ structure by SAXS curve. The protein free or incorporated into micelles were tested in HUVEC and SC, containing integrin αvβ3, and in K562, not containing this integrin. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay, inhibition of cell adhesion and detachment to vitronectin or fibronectin by quantifying the adherent cells with crystal violet, the anoikis by observation of viable cells and apoptosis, whether attached or not, by MTT, Apo-Direct and annexin V, and production of mediators VEGF-A, IL-8, TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-12 and ... / FAPESP: 10/05428-0 / FAPESP: 10/01568-2

This study provides information about the kinetics of the hydrolytic ring cleavage of imidazolium compounds and the catalytic effect of micelles in this ring cleavage. 9-Methylcaffeine iodide was synthesized and its base catalyzed ring cleavage was studied. The ring cleavage, via alkaline hydrolysis of the imidazole moiety, showed pseudo-first order kinetics over the pH range of 7.28 to 10.81. Activation parameters were found to be: Ea = 29.4 Kcal mole-1, △H+ = 28.8 Kcal mole-1 , and △S+ = 27.4 cal mole-l deg -1 The kinetics were studied in the presence of micelles and no rate enhancement was observed. The mechanism for ring cleavage was also investigated. 9-Ethylcaffeine iodide was synthesized and its base catalyzed ring cleavage, at 30°C and a pH of 9.42, showed pseudo first order kinetics. 6 -3 -1 The kobs was found to be 1. 5 x 10-3 sec-1. The oxidation kinetics of 8 ,8-dihydro-9-methylcaffeine to 9-methylcaffeinE:· iodide were also examined.

Yes / Uniform onion micelles formed from up to ten nano-structured polymer layers were produced by the aqueous self-assembly of highly-branched copolymers. Highly-branched poly(alkyl methacrylate)s were chain extended with poly(acrylic acid) in a two-step reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer-self-condensing vinyl polymerization (RAFT-SCVP) in solution. The resulting polymers were dispersed into water from oxolane (THF) using a self-organized precipitation-like method and the self-assembled particles were studied by phase-analysis light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering, and electron microscopy techniques. The relative hydrophobicity of the blocks was varied by changing the alkyl methacrylate (methyl, butyl, or lauryl) and this was found to affect the morphology of the particles. Only the poly(butyl methacrylate)-containing macromolecule formed an onion micelle structure. The formation of this morphology was observed to depend on: the evaporation of the good solvent (THF) during the self assembly process causing kinetic trapping of structures; the pH of the aqueous phase; and also on the ratio of hydrophobic to hydrophilic segments within the copolymer. The lamellar structure could be removed by annealing the dispersion above the glass transition temperature of the poly(butyl methacrylate). To exemplify how these onion micelles can be used to encapsulate and release an active compound, a dye, rhodamine B (Rh B), was encapsulated and released. The release behaviour was dependent on the morphology of the particles. Particles formed containing the poly(methyl methacrylate) or poly (lauryl methacrylate) core did not form onions and although these materials absorbed Rh B, it was continuously released at room temperature. On the other hand, the lamellar structure formed from branchpoly( butyl methacrylate)-[poly(butyl methacrylate)-block-poly(acrylic acid)] allowed for encapsulation of approximately 45% of the dye, without release, until heating disrupted the lamellar structure. / EPSRC and Domino UK Ltd for a Nanotechnology KTN CASE studentship to support SLC, Experiments at the ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source were supported by a beam time allocation from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (experiment numbers RB1220108 and RB1320167).

Various porous media were tested with biosurfactant solutions (rhamnolipid or Emulsan) at concentrations ranging from 0 ppm to 1000 ppm. The biosurfactant solutions in the presence of porous media often showed substantial gas hydrate catalyzation, localization on selected surfaces, and/or specific hydrate form (massive, stratified, dispersed.) At 1000-ppm concentrations of rhamnolipid, all porous media surfaces exhibited the same hydrate formation rate increase of 187% over the control. The curves generated for rhamnolipid or Emulsan concentration versus peak hydrate formation rate resembled certain classical adsorption curves. Bentonite and aragonite showed hydrate catalyzation properties with or without biosurfactants. The preference for hydrate formation on porous media surfaces (no surfactant) was: Bentonite/nontronite > aragonite/stainless steel > Ottawa sand/kaolinite. Porous media/biosurfactant concentration combinations play marked roles in the types of gas hydrates formed: massive, dendritic, or needle-like. The research helps to explain the vast occurrence of gas hydrates in ocean sediments.

Nanoparticles have been found to have an increasingly wide range of applications including drug delivery systems, chemical sensors, biomolecule sensors, single electron devices, catalysis, Li-ionbatteries, andsolarcells. Avarietyofmethodshavebeenused to produce nanoparticles, but one widely used approach is the application of reverse micellenanoreactorswherebyblockco-polymersareusedtoencapsulateprecursorsalts and serve as a vessel for precursor salts to react. As the encapsulation of precursor salts can be a multi-step process, some nanoparticle formulations have proven difficult to make within the reverse micelle nanoreactor. To fully understand the difficulties in nanoparticle formation, we need to have a method to probe the internal structure of the reverse micelle. This thesis presents a novel method for probing the internal structure of the reverse micelle using a quantitative mechanical mapping (QNM) mode for atomic force microscopy (AFM). Unloaded reverse micelle nanoreactors were analyzed using the QNM AFM mode. A decrease of the Young’s modulus was noted through the centroid of the reverse micelle. Many models were applied to describe the noted decrease of Young’s modulus. The end result indicated that intrinsic differences between the mechanical properties of polystyrene and poly(2vinyl pyridine) and the co-polymer orientation lead to the measured decrease in Young’s modulus through the centroid. Results from the unloaded case were used to explain changes to the reverse micelle nanoreactor after loading with precursor salts. Across all precursor salts similar trends were noted, however there was no consistent relative Young’s modulus or molar salt loading ratio noted within the trends. Three distinct loading zones were consistent acrosstheprecursorsalts. Region I wastypifiedbyaslightdecreaseinrelativeYoung’s modulus with small resultant nanoparticles. Region II was typified by linear increases in relative Young’s modulus for increases in the molar salt loading ratio. Region III was found to have two possible outcomes, either the micelle reach a maximum effective infiltration, where the relative Young’s modulus ratio no longer increases for increased molar salt loading ratio, or the micelle would unravel for increased molar salt loading ratio. Further studies should be done to confirm the existence of the universal loading regions across further co-polymers, solvents, and precursor salts. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Calculating the solvation energies of surfactants is a way to predict the cmc. The solvation energies were determined for a homologous series of betaines, (CH₃)₃N+(CH₂)nCOO- where n = 1 to 6. Their structure is composed of only the hydrophilic head group of a surfactant. The solvation energies were determined from both the gas phase energy and free energy of solution. Conformational analysis was performed on each molecule to locate the lowest energy structures and determine the Boltzmann population of each conformation for each molecule. The final solvation energies for each molecule are expectation values based on their energies and Boltzmann populations. The plotted solvation energies versus n form a parabolic curve that is similar to the literature cmc data where the betaine has a long hydrocarbon tail. However, the solvation energies peak at n = 3 and the cmc data peaks at n = 4. The dipole moments were also examined. The gas phase dipole moments were graphed and have a maximum at n = 3, similar to the solvation energy. The solution dipole moments have a linear graph, not comparable to the solvation energies. Therefore, the stability of the gas phase structures contributes more to the final solvation energy than the stability of the molecule in water. The correlation between the plots of log cmc vs n and solvation energy vs n indicates that it is possible to computationally predict the cmc with this method. The hydrophobic contribution can be accounted for based on a known correlation between chain length and the cmc, and the hydrophilic contribution can be examined with this method. Therefore, it is possible to design a new surfactant molecule that has a cmc within the range of the biological activity to be sent for synthesis. / Master of Science

Ce travail s'est intéressé à la conception et à l'élaboration de nouveaux agents structurants de silice constitués d'assemblages induits et réversibles de copolymères originaux : les copolymères séquencés doublement hydrophiles (DHBC). Un des systèmes étudiés est constitué d'un DHBC neutre-anionique PAPEO-b-PAA ou poly(acrylate methoxy poly(oxyde d'éthylène))-b-poly(acide acrylique). La séquence PAA est un polyacide faible dont le degré d'ionisation dépend du pH. En solution aqueuse et pour un pH bien choisi, l'association de ce copolymère à une polybase faible, de charge opposée à celle du PAA, (typiquement un oligochitosane) conduit à la formation de micelles complexes de polyions (PIC) sphériques de type cur/couronne. Ces micelles peuvent dans un premier temps conduire à la formation de matériaux mésostructurés hybrides hautement organisés. Dans un second temps, en jouant notamment sur les conditions de pH et de force ionique, il est possible de « contrôler » le taux d'extraction des espèces organiques pour obtenir des matériaux poreux fonctionnels capables de piéger des espèces de charge opposée à la fonctionnalité. Si des matériaux hybrides organisés sont obtenus, c'est parce que les équilibres des interactions mises en jeu entre les espèces organiques et inorganiques y sont favorables. Si une interaction polyamine/silice s'exerce aux dépens de l'interaction polyamine/DHBC, elle peut limiter le processus de mésostructuration par les micelles. Lorsqu'un DHBC neutre-cationique PEO-b-PDMAEMA ou poly(oxyde d'éthylène)-b-poly(méthacrylate de 2-(diméthylamine)éthyle) est utilisé en présence d'un polymère anionique tel que le PVS ou poly(acide sulfonique de vinyle), il joue un double rôle dans la synthèse des matériaux siliciques : une partie gère la croissance des particules de silice en interagissant avec les silicates et l'autre partie qui est complexée par des PVS joue le rôle d'agent structurant en apportant une mésostructuration au matériau. Enfin, une approche très prometteuse a permis d'encapsuler des principes actifs hydrosolubles chargés dans un matériau en les utilisant comme agent complexant du DHBC. / This study focused on the design and development of new structuring agents of silica constituted of induced and reversible assemblies of original copolymers, the double hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBC). The first system studied consists of a neutral-anionic DHBC PAPEO-b-PAA ou poly(acrylate methoxy poly (ethylene oxide))-b-poly (acrylic acid). The PAA block is a weak polyacid with a degree of ionization depending on the pH. In aqueous solution and in a right pH range, the association of this copolymer with a weak polybase, an oppositely charged polyamine, such as an oligochitosan, leads to the formation of polyion complex micelles (PIC) with a core/corona structure. These micelles can direct the structure of highly organized inorganic materials with different types of mesostructures. In a second step, by adjusting the conditions of pH, ionic strength, it is possible to "control" the extraction of organic species to get functional porous materials able to trap species of charge opposite to the functionality. Organized materials are obtained because of a favourable balance of the interactions between organic and inorganic species. If a polyamine/silica interaction occurs at the expense of the interaction polyamine/DHBC, the mesostructuring process by the micelles is limited. A neutral-cationic DHBC PEO-b-PDMAEMA poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(2-(dimethylamine)ethyl) associated with an anionic PVS poly(vinyl sulfonic acid) polymer can play a dual role in the synthesis of silica materials: firstly managing the growth of silica particles by interacting with the silicates and secondly acting as a structuring agent in association with PVS, confering a mesostructuration to the material. Finally, a very promising approach allowed to encapsulate water-soluble and charged drugs in a material by using as silica complexing agent a complex between the drug and a DHBC.

Selon la FAO, 2 milliards de personnes souffrent de la « faim cachée » qui correspond aux carences en micronutriments incluant la carence en vitamine A, principale cause de cécité dans le monde. Par ailleurs, une alimentation excédentaire est source de stress oxydant pour le corps, facteur de risque de nombreuses maladies non transmissibles comme le diabète et les maladies cardiovasculaires. Contenus dans les produits végétaux, certains caroténoïdes représentent une source indirecte de vitamine A et pourraient participer aux effets bénéfiques de la consommation de fruits et légumes via des propriétés antioxydantes. Dans cette thèse, le comportement in vitro des caroténoïdes et rétinoïdes pendant la digestion a été étudié, depuis leur libération de la matrice alimentaire jusqu'à leurs interactions avec les cellules intestinales. Mes recherches s'articulent autour de la micellisation : processus clé de l'absorption des caroténoïdes et rétinoïdes. Dans un premier temps, la stabilité et la bioaccessibilité en digestion in vitro de ces composés purs ont été comparées à celles de leurs homologues issus d'un jus de carotte, d'épinards crus et cuits et d'une farine fortifiée. Dans un deuxième temps, un nouveau modèle d'oxydation de nano-émulsions intestinales à base de sels biliaires (SB) a été développé. Les relations entre structure des micelles mixtes, réactivité à l'oxydation et protection par des antioxydants ont été étudiées grâce notamment au suivi de la dégradation des acides gras. Enfin, des expériences préliminaires ont été menées sur la réactivité enzymatique de cellules coliques (Caco-2) à divers oxydants et aux micelles mixtes. Pendant la digestion in vitro, le β-carotène et palmitate de rétinyl purs étaient particulièrement instables contrairement à la lutéine et à l'acétate de rétinyl. De plus, la matrice alimentaire protège ces composés et favorise leur bioaccessibilité surtout lorsqu'elle est broyée ou cuite. En effet, les prétraitements ont un impact conséquent sur la libération des caroténoïdes et doivent être considérés comme des moyens sérieux pour optimiser les apports. Les nano-émulsions intestinales mises au point se composaient de micelles mixtes sphériques ou cylindriques, ces dernières étant les moins résistantes à l'oxydation. En effet, la distribution des molécules de SB doit être différente selon la morphologie de la micelle, impactant ainsi leur réactivité. Dans nos conditions expérimentales, l'AAPH fut le seul oxydant efficace. L'α-tocophérol et la lutéine ont significativement ralenti la dégradation des acides gras contrairement au β-carotène. Leur place au sein de la micelle (cœur ou bordure) pourrait expliquer ces observations. Enfin, aucun des oxydants testés n'a significativement modifié l'activité catalase des cellules Caco-2. En revanche, la mise en contact avec les micelles à base de SB ont significativement diminué l'activité des 3 enzymes suivies. L'effet était positivement corrélé à la concentration en SB dont la conjugaison fut un élément déterminant. Finalement, le β-carotène, la lutéine, et l'acétate de rétinyl présents dans ces micelles ont en partie rétabli l'activité de la catalase contrairement au rétinol, palmitate de rétinyl et à l'α-tocophérol. / According to the FAO, two billions of people suffer from the « hidden hunger » which corresponds to micronutrient deficiencies and includes the vitamin A deficiency, principal cause of blindness throughout the world. Besides, an excessive food consumption entails an oxidative stress for the organism which increases the risk to develop non communicable diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Present in numerous fruits and vegetables, some carotenoids are an indirect source of vitamin A and could also contribute to the health benefits of the consumption of fruits and vegetables via antioxidant properties. In this thesis, in vitro behaviour of carotenoids and retinoids during in vitro digestion (IVD) has been studied, from their release from dietary matrices to their interactions with intestinal cells. My research is structured around micellisation: key process of carotenoid and retinoid absorption. First, stability and bioaccessibility during IVD of these pure compounds have been compared with those of their homologues from carrot juice, raw and cooked spinach and fortified flour. Second, a new model of oxidation of intestinal bile salt (BS)-based nanoemulsions has been developed. Relations between mixed micelles structure, reactivity to oxidation and protection by antioxidants have been studied using fatty acid degradation monitoring. Finally, preliminary experiment were carried out on enzymatic reactivity of colon cells (Caco-2) to various oxidants and mixed micelles. During IVD, pure β-carotene and retinyl palmitate were particularly unstable conversely with lutein and retinyl acetate. Moreover, the dietary matrix protected these compounds and favoured their bioaccessibility especially when it was grounded or cooked. Indeed, pre-treatment have a significant impact on carotenoid release and should be considered as serious means to optimize intake. Developed intestinal nanoemulsions constituted of spherical or cylindrical micelles, the latter being less resistant to oxidation. Distribution of BS molecules is likely to differ according to the micelle morphology, thereby influencing their reactivity. In our experimental conditions, AAPH only was efficient as oxidant. Lutein and α-tocopherol significantly slowed fatty acid degradation, conversely with β-carotene. Their location within the micelle (core or border) could explain these observations. Besides, none of the tested oxidant significantly modified the catalase activity of Caco-2 cells. However, the contact with BS-based nanoemulsions significantly decreased the activity of the three tested enzymes. This effect was positively correlated with BS concentration whose conjugation revealed determining. Finally, β-carotene, lutein and retinyl acetate in micelles partly re-established catalase activity, conversely with retinol, retinyl palmitate and α-tocopherol. To conclude, IVD is an easy tool which allows independent comparisons of several parameters on micronutrient behaviour during digestion. Furthermore, the confrontation of different matrices may help to develop relevant strategies against vitamin A deficiency. Proposed nanoemulsions displayed various physical and chemical characteristics, thereby influencing their reactivity to oxidation. The antioxidant capacity of lutein and α-tocopherol could be observed in this new model. Lastly, the preliminary results on Caco-2 cells revealed some interesting interactions between micellised BS and antioxidant enzymes. Numerous questions arose that could not be addressed in this work but open perspectives for the future.

L'intérêt des copolymères amphiphiles se retrouve dans de multiples applications telles que le: supports catalytique, la bio-séparation ou encore la vectorisation de principe actif. L'étude de leu auto-association sous forme micellaire est très étendue notamment via l'utilisation de polymère: intelligents. Cette classe de polymères présente un changement de comportement lors d'un modification de son environnement. Ainsi des polymères pH et thermo-sensibles ont été sélectionnés dans le but d'étudier des systèmes micellaires composés d'un cœur hydrophobe issus de l'huile de lin et d'une couronne hydrophile stimuli-sensible. Cependant, pour chaque application visée, la synthèse de macromolécules de composition et/ou d'architecture complexe possédant de nouvelles propriétés est nécessaire. Afin de contourner les limitations de cette approche, uni alternative reposant sur le mélange physique de copolymères a été étudiée dans le but de moduler les propriétés et combiner deux sensibilités. / Amphiphilic copolymers have attracted a large interest as they find numerous applications in catalyst support, bio-separation devices and drug delivery systems. Their auto-association in aqueous media forming micelles are well-studied, particularly by the use of smart polymers which display a significant physicochemical change in response to modification of their environment. In this work, pH and temperature responsive polymers have been studied for the elaboration of micellar systems composed of a hydrophobic core from linseed oil and hydrophilic stimuli-sensitive coronna. However the common approach is to design one specific macromolecule for one given application, with sometimes complex composition and/or architecture. We aim to investigate a straight-forward pathway towards micellar systems with finely tuned sensitivities by the cooperative self-assembly of two different copolymers to manipulate the physico-chemical behavior of the final mixed system.