Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-08-06T12:58:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco José Eboli Machado_.pdf: 1243477 bytes, checksum: eed7c3191e28e07e22aab21e27083e53 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T12:58:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco José Eboli Machado_.pdf: 1243477 bytes, checksum: eed7c3191e28e07e22aab21e27083e53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 / Nenhuma / A pesquisa procura compreender de que maneira o jornalismo, quando lida com a temática do futebol, aborda a complexidade de relações que vão além dos gramados. Para tanto, analiso a prática jornalística da imprensa esportiva na construção de suas narrativas sobre a participação do Pérolas Negras na Copa São Paulo de 2016. O trabalho está estruturado metodologicamente em cinco movimentos, sendo quatro movimentos de aproximação do problema de pesquisa e um movimento de análise do corpus, composto por doze matérias de sites variados. O paradigma da complexidade de Edgar Morin (1984, 2010, 2015), que foi transposto para o jornalismo por Mar de Fontcuberta (2006) serve como fio-condutor de sua construção. Acredito que em função do futebol se constituir em um fenômeno social e cultural de grande complexidade, deve ser trabalhado tanto pelo pesquisador quanto pelo jornalista de maneira multidimensional. Só assim é possível dar conta dos inúmeros aspectos a ele relacionados. Nos movimentos teóricos busco verificar o papel da imprensa esportiva na construção, reprodução e circulação das produções simbólicas ligadas ao futebol na sociedade brasileira. Reflito sobre a profissão de jogador de futebol no mundo globalizado e os fluxos migratórios da contemporaneidade, bem como em relação à maneira como a imprensa esportiva ajuda a construir uma idealização do futebol como um importante instrumento de ascensão social. Esse último aspecto, aliás, ficou nítida na análise do corpus, que também permitiu constatar a reprodução de uma série de estereótipos e lugares comuns em relação ao Haiti e aos haitianos, com uma forte tendência à vitimização e à reprodução do senso comum em relação ao país caribenho e seus habitantes, contribuindopara reforçar a estigmatização desses sujeitos. Dentro da perspectiva aqui adotada, é possível afirmar que a quase totalidade dos textos apenas reproduziram o olhar hegemônico e passaram longe da abordagem complexa que o jornalismo deveria adotar nas suas produções. / This research intends to understand how journalism works relating to complexity in reporting soccer. In these terms, we focused the narrative about Pérolas Negras participation in 2016’s Copa São Paulo. The methodological approach to the object produced five movements: four movements pointed to the research question. In the fifth we analyze twelve texts published in different websites. The theoretical perspective is founded on E. Morin's complexity paradigm (1984, 2010, 2015), applied to journalism studies by Mar de Fontcuberta (2006). Soccer as a complex social and cultural phenomenon means considering sports press role on building, reproduction and circulation of symbolic productions related to soccer in Brazilian society. Globalized context produced negative effects on soccer player profession and affected the contemporary migratory fluxes. Simultaneously, we verify the sport press constructing idealized images about soccer as an important instrument to social ascension. We also found several stereotypes and the use of common sense representations about Haiti and Haitians as victims. Finally, it is possible to sustain that majority of the articles analyzed just reproduces an hegemonic view without considering the complexity witch journalism could adopt in its productions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:55:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Carlos Jarochinski Silva.pdf: 1549804 bytes, checksum: 24f6ac20dedabda61d4c14a00bbc31fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Portugal is a country marked by emigration flows. However, with the end of the Colonial Empire, the re-democratization and its entry into the European Community, Portugal has started to receive immigrants, mainly from its former colonies, in search of better opportunities in a country that showed favorable circumstances for said immigrants to settle and improve their lives. In the 1990s, besides the immigrants from former colonies, groups from other locations started to arrive, especially people from Eastern Europe and Asia. In light of this, the topic of migration started to definitively receive attention in the political scene, and Portugal produced a great quantity of norms for regulation of this issue in the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. Portugal´s belonging to the European Union, however, brought as a consequence the need of the incorporation of community rules to deal with immigration, be it by people from other Member-states of the EU, be it by people from third states, which started to be called third-country nationals. The latter are, notably, when in irregular situation, victims of a migration logic mainly focused on repulsion, which generates either barriers or the criminalization of the act of migrating. Steaming from this, the present work develops an analysis of the legislative production in the issue of migration in Portugal, highlighting the connection of said legislative production with the history of the migratory flows that marked the country, up to the moment in which state´s regulation begins to be replaced by community rules. The construction of integration in Europe, the incorporation of the migration issue into other topics of the European Union and the most relevant legislative production in this area are also analyzed, especially in terms of their content and production which will be debated. Furthermore, the work posits the specificity of the migratory framework of Portugal in the midst of a comparison with the scenarios of other countries in Southern Europe, which were branded as the Southern European Model of Immigration. The work also discusses striking aspects for migration, as the use of culture for exclusion, the view that immigration is a factor of insecurity, and the media s discourse on immigration and migrants. Thus, by means of the comparative methodology between the Portuguese and European realities, the work assesses the change brought about the Europeization of migratory norms in Portugal, aiming to demonstrate that this shift did not mean an improvement in regulation, given that it does not considered either the specific national context or the interests and external ties of the country, does not offer more efficient means of control, and is based in a standardization that thinks migration with a focus on security and exclusion / Portugal é um país marcado pelo predomínio de levas emigratórias. Entretanto, com o fim do Império Colonial, com a redemocratização e com a entrada na Comunidade Europeia, passou a receber levas de imigrantes, notadamente das ex-colônias, em busca de melhores oportunidades nesse país que demonstrava oportunidades para que esses migrantes se estabelecessem e melhorassem de vida. Nos anos 1990, além dos imigrantes das ex-colônias, começaram a chegar grupos de outras localidades, com destaque para pessoas vindas do Leste Europeu e da Ásia. A partir dessa nova realidade, a temática da migração destaca-se em definitivo no cenário político, fazendo com que no final do século XX e começo do XXI, aquele país produzisse uma grande quantidade de normas para a regulação da matéria. Mas, o fato de pertencer à União Europeia trouxe como consequência a necessidade de incorporação das regras comunitárias para tratar as imigrações, seja das pessoas advindas dos países-membros da União, seja de terceiros, que passaram a receber a denominação extracomunitários. Estes últimos são, notadamente, quando irregulares, vítimas de uma lógica migratória dominante de repulsa, o que gera barreiras ou criminalização do ato de migrar. A partir desse contexto, o trabalho desenvolve uma análise da produção de Portugal em matéria migratória, salientando a conexão desta com a história dos fluxos que marcaram o país, chegando até o momento em que a regulação estatal começa a ser substituída pela produção comunitária. Também se analisa a construção da integração na Europa, a incorporação da temática migratória aos temas da União e as suas produções mais destacadas, as quais serão debatidas em termos de conteúdo e produção. Além disso, verifica a especificidade do quadro migratório por meio de uma comparação com o cenário dos países do sul europeu, os quais foram designados como Modelo Sul da Europa. Além disso, discute aspectos impactantes para as migrações, como o uso da cultura para fins de exclusão, a visão da imigração como um fator de insegurança e o discurso midiático sobre as imigrações e os migrantes. Portanto, por meio da metodologia comparativa entre a realidade portuguesa e a europeia, o trabalho avalia a mudança provocada pela europeização das normas migratórias, em Portugal, a fim de demonstrar que tal guinada não significou a melhoria na regulação, pois não atenta para o contexto específico nacional, nem para os interesses e vinculações externas do país, não oferece meios mais eficientes de controle e se baseia numa generalização que pensa a migração focada sobre o aspecto de segurança e exclusão

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T14:38:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Everton Tosetto.pdf: 1346484 bytes, checksum: eea1541efb83dfd6042a4aa78dc65582 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-20 / Due to fragmentation of the middle Paraná River by the dam and the Itaipu Yacyretá , the conservation of fish species that perform reproductive migration depends on the successful search for alternative routes for reproduction . Thus, this study sought to determine whether the stretch of the Iguazu River between Iguazu Falls and its mouth , located downstream of Itaipu is being used with play area and these species also describe the characteristics of these habitats . The results showed that the reproduction of seven species of migratory fish , vulpinus Raphiodon , Prochilodus lineatus , Salminus brasiliensis , Leporinus elongatus , Pimelodus ornatus maculatus Pimelodus and corruscans Pseudoplatystoma occurs in the studied mainly in habitats located within the Iguazu National Park that have favorable characteristics for spawning and transport of eggs and larvae , as high concentrations of dissolved oxygen , rapids and currents , wide riparian vegetation and substrates that provide good conditions under / Devido a fragmentação do médio Rio Paraná pelas represas de Itaipu e Yacyretá, a conservação das espécies de peixes que realizam migrações reprodutivas depende do sucesso na busca por rotas alternativas para a reprodução. Assim esse trabalho buscou verificar se o trecho do Rio Iguaçu entre as Cataratas do Iguaçu e a sua foz, situada a jusante de Itaipu está sendo usado com área de reprodução dessas espécies e também descrever as características desses habitats. Os resultados evidenciaram que a reprodução de sete espécies de peixes migradores, Raphiodon vulpinus, Prochilodus lineatus, Salminus brasiliensis, Leporinus elongatus, Pimelodus ornatus, Pimelodus maculatus e Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, ocorre no trecho estudado, principalmente nos habitats localizados no interior do Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, que apresentam características propícias para a desova e o transporte de ovos e larvas, como altas concentrações de oxigênio dissolvido, corredeiras e correntezas, ampla vegetação ripária e substratos que proporcionam boas condições de abrigo

The Seattle District wants to better manage the Ballard Locks and structures along the Lake Washington Ship Canal (LWSC) in a way that will maintain the environmental sustainability and biodiversity in the area. Due to strict salt water intrusion regulations in the LWSC, the Seattle District is working on upgrading their management practices such that they will resolve two inter-related problems. First, to improve the fish passage conditions for migrating salmon; and second, to learn how to better manage the salt wedge that forms and intrudes upstream. Based on the hydrodynamic and water quality results that are produced by this research, the Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Portland Office will use their Eulerian-Lagrangian-Agent-Model (ELAM) to analyze fish patterns, looking for the most beneficial management schemes that assist salmon in migrating upstream. This research implemented CFD engineering techniques to help better understand the effectiveness of the hydraulic structures in the area, as well as come up with management practices that both mitigate the salt water intrusion from Puget Sound, and improve the migrating passages for salmon.

Understanding migratory connectivity is essential for assessing the drivers behind population dynamics and for implementing effective management in migratory species. Genetic markers provide a means to describe migratory connectivity, as well as incorporate population genetic analyses, however genetic markers can be uninformative for species with weak genetic structure. In this study, we evaluate range-wide population genetic structure and migratory connectivity in the prothonotary warbler, Protonotaria citrea, a wetland-dependent neotropical migratory songbird, using high-resolution genetic markers. We reveal regional genetic structure between sampling sites in the Mississippi River Valley and the Atlantic Seaboard with overall weak genetic differentiation among populations (FST = 0.0051). By ranking loci by FST and using subsets of the most differentiated genetic markers (200 – 3000), we identify a maximum assignment accuracy (89.7% to site, 94.3% to region) using 600 single nucleotide polymorphisms. We assign samples from unknown origin nonbreeding sites to a breeding region, illustrating weak migratory connectivity between prothonotary warbler breeding and nonbreeding grounds. Our results highlight the importance of using high-resolution markers in studies of migratory connectivity with species exhibiting weak genetic structure. Using similar techniques, studies may begin to describe population genetic structure that was previously undocumented, allowing us to infer the migratory patterns of an increasing number of species.

Emerging influenza viruses continue to challenge public health. The problem is public health science professionals have been battling emerging human influenza diseases with tactile and reactionary methods because there is a lack of knowledge and data at the human-animal interface. This research was a baseline study of the proportion of influenza A virus (IAV) in urban and rural communities in California. The population was artificial recirculating water ponds in the geographic locations of rural and urban Californian communities. Surface water samples [N = 182] were collected from artificial recirculating ponds in California. Positivity for IAV was verified by real time RT-PCR, MDCK cells for virus infectivity, nucleotide sequencing of the RNA genome, and phylogenic analysis of IAV H5N1 strains. The proportion of IAV in rural and urban ponds favored the greater burden of IAV in urban ponds over rural ponds. The presence of waterfowl and IAV M gene sequence positivity were found not to be significantly related. The geochemical properties--pH, salinity, and water temperature at time of collection--were not predictors of IAV infectivity. This baseline research study validated these water ponds as resource sites for IAV surveillance and monitoring. The social change implications of this study can be recognized at the national and international levels, to the population level, and to the individual level by providing geospatial analysis and spatial-temporal data for IAV surveillance, initiating biosecurity measures to protect poultry industries in the United States and Brazil, and contributing to the current IAV strain library. Contributions to the IAV strain library may be used to develop vaccines against human pandemics.

It is hypothesized that individuals make reproductive decisions based on current assessments of their physiological condition and environmental conditions. For female lesser scaup (Aythya affinis), breeding occurs after an energetically costly spring migration. Increasing fat reserves (i.e., ‘body condition’) prior to breeding allows a female to produce a larger clutch of eggs, but time spent gaining body condition is costly in terms of time allowed to raise ducklings before freezing conditions in the fall. In Chapter 2 I explored rate of pre-breeding body condition gain in female lesser scaup, and how that rate influenced clutch size. Spring phenology, measured by proxy as water temperature, and water depth strongly influenced the rate at which females increased body condition. Early springs with low water levels led to greater rates of body condition gain in female scaup. The higher the rate of body condition gain, the larger the clutch of eggs females produced. Body condition is also an important determinant of breeding in female ducks; females in poor body condition are more likely to forego breeding. I explored how body condition, wetland conditions, and prior experience influence a female’s decision to breed in Chapter 3. Body condition was a strong determinant of when a female bred, with females in good body condition breeding earlier than females in poorer body condition. Habitat conditions were also important, with drought reducing the proportion of breeding lesser scaup females. In Chapter 4 I examined survival costs of reproduction in female scaup. Nesting exposes females to increased predation risk (a concurrent survival cost), and reduced post-breeding body condition may reduce female survival the subsequent non-breeding season (a serial, or ‘downstream’, survival cost). Female survival during breeding and non-breeding seasons was most correlated with breeding season water level on the study site, but in opposite directions. Breeding season survival increased with increasing water levels, while non-breeding season survival declined. High water levels on the study site increased the availability of presumably high-security nesting habitat, and also increased female reproductive effort. The former increased breeding season survival, while the latter reduced non-breeding season survival.

<p>This study investigates ways in which migratory trajectories relate to the gradual insertion and eventual integration of immigrants. It therefore shows the contribution of social capital in the migration and insertion into the entrepreneurial city of the host country. The focus of the study is on immigrants of African origin. It is hypothesized that immigrants of different nationalities in South Africa use&nbsp / particular assets to engage in street vending as a way of insertion into their new environment. Data were obtained through a survey of two hundred and eight (208) respondents conveniently&nbsp / selected. The survey was carried out in five suburbs of Cape Town and as well as at some major road junctions where these vendors are found. The Statistical package for Social Science (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. The results showed that nationality was an important determinant of the migratory trajectories of immigrant vendors. Migration has been on the increase with the&nbsp / improvement in technology and globalization. In the same light, migration into South African cities mainly from the rest of Africa and Asia took an upward trend especially after the fall of Apartheid&nbsp / Regime and the advent of democracy in the nineties. Street vendors form part of these immigrants in South Africa. Many of them especially from other African countries find it a suitable means of&nbsp / survival. Faced with the difficulty of getting jobs in South Africa, immigrants resort to informal trading as a starting point for survival. They may change to other activities depending on certain variables like duration of stay, level of education, age, sex, marital status, social capital and networks. Coming from different socioeconomic, cultural and political backgrounds, these immigrants&nbsp / resort to different ways of migrating and forms of adaptation aimed at sustaining their livelihood in their new environments. Most studies in the field of migration and entrepreneurship focus on&nbsp / remittances by the migrants as well as their impact on both their place of departure and on the place of destination. Little attention is paid to the way they migrate and how they insert themselves in the entrepreneurial city.<br /> &nbsp / </p>

The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of the ecology, spatiotemporal patterns, and risk of infectious pathogens of migratory waterfowl, using the blue-winged teal (Anas discors, BWTE), as a model. From 2007-2010, 1,869 BWTE were sampled in the prairie provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada) to examine infection status and/or evidence of previous exposure to avian influenza virus (AIV), West Nile virus (WNV), and avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1), in relation to host demographic variables (age, sex, body condition, exposure to other pathogens), other ecological variables such as local waterfowl breeding population density and local pond density, and year. The probability of AIV infection depended on an interaction between age and AIV antibody status. Hatch year birds with antibodies to AIV were more likely to be infected, suggesting an antibody response to an active infection. After hatch year birds with antibodies to AIV were less likely to be infected, suggesting immunity resulting from previous exposure. AIV infection was positively associated with local BWTE density, supporting the hypothesis of density dependent transmission. Exposure to WNV and APMV-1 were also associated with age and year. Furthermore, the probability of WNV exposure was positively associated with local pond density rather than host population density, likely because ponds provide suitable breeding habitat for mosquitoes, the primary vectors for transmission. We also investigated large-scale spatiotemporal trends in apparent prevalence of AIV across Canada and the United States throughout the year, using data from national avian influenza surveillance programs in Canada and the US in 2007-2010. Our analyses revealed that age, sex, year of sampling, flyway, latitude, and season (categorized by stages of the BWTE annual life cycle) were all important variables in predicting probability of AIV infection. There was an interaction between age and season. During late summer staging (August) and fall migration (September-October), hatch year birds were more likely to be infected than after hatch year birds, however there was no difference between age categories for the remainder of the year (winter, spring migration, and breeding season). Probability of infection increased non-linearly with latitude, and was highest in summer, corresponding to the beginning of fall migration when densities of birds and the proportion of susceptible hatch year birds in the population are highest. Birds in the Pacific, Central and Mississippi flyways were significantly more likely to be infected compared to those in the Atlantic flyway. Observed trends in seasonal, annual, and geographic patterns of AIV infection in BWTE across Canada and the US were primarily driven by the dynamics of AIV infection in hatch year birds. Our results demonstrate demographic as well as seasonal, latitudinal and flyway trends across Canada and the US. This research provided further evidence for the role of wild dabbling ducks, particularly BWTE, in the maintenance and ecology of AIV. This improved understanding of the role of BWTE as natural hosts, and the geographic, demographic and temporal variables that affect infection and transmission parameters, moves us closer to deciphering the overall ecology of the virus and its transmission and transportation pathways at the individual, population and continental levels. This knowledge, in turn, will permit development of better tools to predict and perhaps to prevent possible outbreaks in domestic animals as well as in humans.

The propensity for animals to migrate can vary markedly among species, populations within species, and individuals within populations. Many taxa displaying variation in migratory behaviour and life history are attracting conservation concern as migratory populations decline in abundance. I developed a conceptual framework for delineating the nature of the broad phenotypic variation observed among and within migratory populations and apply this to Lake Superior brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). My literature review of variation in the migratory behaviour of fishes revealed that subsets of the predictions outlined in my framework have been tested for most study systems, but few systems had tested all five predictions. My field studies of Lake Superior brook trout (i) compared isotopic signatures of brook trout sampled from Lake Superior and tributary streams to demonstrate that the fish sampled from the lake and stream differ consistently in habitat use and trophic ecology, (ii) applied age and growth analyses to demonstrate that fish sampled from the lake live longer and grow faster than fish sampled from the streams, with the differences in growth apparent by the end of the first year of life, (iii) used histological measures to demonstrate that fish residing in streams, and exhibiting a stream growth history, reach sexual maturity, and (iv) provided no evidence based on growth histories to suggest that individuals change migratory behaviours later in life. Together, these field studies suggest that partial migration is the best hypothesis to describe the variation observed in the migratory behaviour of brook trout in the Nipigon Bay area of Lake Superior. Although the possibility remains that some individuals could complete their life cycle in the lake. My review and field studies demonstrate that the conceptual framework can be used to help delineate variation in the migratory behaviour exhibited by fishes whose lifetime movements can be difficult to track. / Funding was provided by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources through the Canada-Ontario Agreement Respecting the Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem, Great Lakes Fishery Commission Fishery Research Program, a Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Postgraduate Scholarship, and a NSERC Discovery Grant.