Submitted by Elesbão Santiago Neto (neto10uepb@cche.uepb.edu.br) on 2018-04-03T18:20:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Deisiane da Conceição Viana de Santana Valdevino.pdf: 77861906 bytes, checksum: 4701ab00d4e7bffbc9710ec1ede4684f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-03T18:20:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Deisiane da Conceição Viana de Santana Valdevino.pdf: 77861906 bytes, checksum: 4701ab00d4e7bffbc9710ec1ede4684f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-05 / CAPES / This study on dehumanization seeks to shed light on a subject little studied in the area of International Relations. The theoretical model on dehumanization encompasses two concepts of humanity – human nature and human uniqueness. Those two concepts represent two forms of humanity denial – the animalistic and the mechanistic forms. In the Afghan scenario of prolonged violence, over decades of war, destructive human relations become an exemplification of dehumanizing processes. The case study focuses on the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), a multinational mission authorized by the UN Security Council to be the first operation to support peace building under the NATO command. Elements of the military discourse and practices provide a basis for characterizing ISAF’s role in Afghanistan as a dehumanizing agent. The dehumanization paradox exposes forms of prejudice, stereotyping, discrimination, delegitimization and objectification that interrelate and destructively impact the lives of the Afghan people. / Este estudo sobre desumanização busca dar luz a uma temática pouco estudada na área de Relações Internacionais. O modelo teórico sobre desumanização engloba dois conceitos de humanidade - natureza humana e singularidade humana. Os dois conceitos representam duas formas de negação da humanidade - as formas animalista e mecanicista. No cenário afegão de violência prolongada, ao longo de décadas de guerra, as relações humanas destrutivas se tornam uma exemplificação de processos desumanizantes. O estudo de caso se concentra na International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), que corresponde a uma missão multinacional autorizada pelo Conselho de Segurança da ONU, sendo a primeira operação de apoio à construção de paz sob o comando da OTAN. Elementos do discurso e da prática militar fornecem embasamento para caracterizar o papel da ISAF no Afeganistão como o de um agente desumanizador. O paradoxo da desumanização retrata formas de preconceito, estereótipos, discriminação, deslegitimação e objetificação que se inter-relacionam e afetam destrutivamente a vida de afegãos e afegãs.

Det som undersökningen beskriver är hur EU:s säkerhetsstrategi påverkade de utrikespolitiska målen inför militära insatser i Demokratiska Republiken Kongo 2006, Tchad/Centralafrikanska republiken 2008 och Somalia 2009. Vår utrikespolitiska vilja och dess utrikespolitiska mål motiverar vårt deltagande i militära insatser utomlands. Dessa mål skall vara vägledande och skall genomsyra insatsens genomförande. Detta generade en problemställning i denna uppsats som lyder: På vilket sätt har bakomliggande säkerhetspolitiska resonemang till EUs säkerhetsstrategi påverkat utformandet av de nationella svenska motiven till internationella insatser i de EU-ledda militära insatserna i Afrika 2006-2009? Kan incitament och motiv identifieras som inflytelser i propositioner från samma period? Syftet var att undersöka målsättningarna i dokumentet Ett säkert Europa i en bättre värld, en Europeisk säkerhetsstrategi (ESS), för att se hur dessa målsättningar påverkat de svenska propositionerna inför de EU-ledda insatserna. Som metod användes en kvalitativ textanalys deduktivt, genom att analysera de utrikespolitiska målen med ett analysverktyg indelat i säkerhets-, välfärds- och idémål. Resultatet visade att EU:s övergripande säkerhetsstrategi genomsyrade våra motiv i propositionerna men att det fanns sammantaget en avsaknad av EU:s tydlighet med att vara aktiv, preventiv och handlingskraftig i propositionerna. För att få effekt i välfärdsmålsättningar anser EU att detta skall integreras med olika resurser och där även med civil och militär integrering. Denna integrering var inte fullt tydlig i undersökningens studerade propositioner. Den främsta och prioriterade effekten var att tillgodose de mänskliga rättigheterna vilket gör att signaleffekten var hög både för EU och Sverige i insatserna, både regionalt och strategiskt. / This essay examines how The EU Security Strategy affected the objectives of Swedish foreign politics before launching military operations in The Democratic Republic of Congo 2006, Chad/Central African Republic 2008 and in Somalia 2009. The intentions and goals of foreign politics determine Governmental bills and the objectives for the military operations that are sent overseas. These objectives are to serve as guidelines for the realization of the operations. This was the basis of the overall problem for my study which asks: How have security policies based on EU reasoning of Security Strategies affected the Swedish national motives for military operations commanded by the EU in Africa 2006-2009? Can they be identified and explained in the Governmental bills from the same era? The document, A secure Europe in a better world ­ European Security Strategy, (2003) is used in the case study to identify the objectives and to compare how these have been implemented in the Swedish governmental bills before the initiation of the EU commanded military operations. This was achieved by using qualitative text analysis and a deductive method to analyse foreign policies with an analysis tool, divided into security, welfare of the state and ideological objectives. The outcome of the study identified that the motives for the Governmental bills were permeated by EU’s overall objectives. In the Governmental bills, it was identified that there was generally a lack of the sharpness that the EU policy stands for, regarding being active, preventive and resolute. In order to achieve more effectiveness in the welfare of the state objectives, the EU considers this objective ought to be integrated into all resources as well as into civil and military integration. Additionally, this integration was not emphasized in explicit terms in the examined bills. The main and most prioritised outcome was to consider Human Rights, which resulted in high ranking publicity for the EU and Sweden in the outcome of the operations, both regionally and strategically.

Saab Training Systems är ett företag i Saab-koncernen som utvecklar, tillverkar och marknadsför produkter för militär utbildning. Ett av de centrala systemen i företagets produktportfölj är det instrumenterade stridsträningskonceptet GAMER, i vilket soldater kan öva dubbelsidig träning samtidigt som övningsledningen via ett centralt styrsystem kan övervaka och interagera i övningsförloppet. I och med den övergång som skett i många av världens försvarsmakter, från ett tungt territorialförsvar till ett välutbildat insatsförsvar har kraven på den enskilda soldatens förmågor höjts avsevärt. Samtidigt har det även skett en övergång gällande den generella hotbilden, från att tidigare ha utgjorts av en annan militärmakt, till paramilitära grupperingar som ofta bedriver en gerillaliknande krigsföring. Dessa två faktorer innebär att även förutsättningarna för soldatutbildningen har förändrats. Som ett led i anpassningen till dessa förändringar utreds i denna rapport möjligheterna att utveckla soldaternas audiella upplevelse i GAMER. Detta för att skapa ökade förutsättningar för en komplett upplevelsebaserad inlärning, som inte bara övar soldatens förmåga att använda sig av den taktiska information som ljudbilden förmedlar, utan även förbereder soldaterna på bästa sätt för den främmande miljö som dagens militära insatser ofta innebär. Inledningsvis genomförs en ljudcentrerad användningsfallsanalys av en uppsättning grundläggande övningsscenarion. Genom denna analys skapas en uppfattning om vilka ljud som är önskvärt att kunna reproducera i ett träningssystem. Detta jämförs sedan med de ljudåtergivningsfunktioner som redan finns i GAMER för att därmed kunna utröna vilka kompletterande ljudåtergivningsfunktioner som skulle vara önskvärt att införa i systemet. För att skapa maximala förutsättningar för en sådan vidareutveckling genomförs även en aktör-nätverksanalys på det sociotekniska nätverk som GAMER är en del av. Detta ökar möjligheten att framställa en produkt som inte bara är en teknikdeterministisk härledning, utan även tar hänsyn till faktorer som utvecklings- och produktionskostnad, intern know-how, kundkrav och konkurrenssituationen. Slutligen presenteras ett förslag för den fortsatta utvecklingen, som tagits fram utifrån de explicita och implicita krav som identifierats i analysprocessen. Lösningen som förordas är ett dynamiskt ljudstyrsystem som med indata från redan existerande funktioner i GAMER kan projicera artificiella ljudkällor på övningsområdet. Detta åstadkoms med ljudkanaler på fasta positioner på övningsområdet från vilka ljudkällorna reproduceras genom användning av vedertagen ljudåtergivningsteori. I förslaget ingår även en egenkonstruerad vidareutveckling av stereopanoreringstekniken vilken möjliggör ljudåtergivning för multipla rörliga övningsdeltagare. / The aim of this thesis is to investigate the possibilities to extend the use of artificial sound in the GAMER Combat Training System. This in order to enhance the experience based learning, which in turn will result in a better preparation for live missions and also increase the commercial value of the training system. The study is executed through a use case analysis of a set of basic urban combat training exercises to establish which sounds are desired to reproduce a realistic training environment. The result of the use case analysis is then compared with the present audio functionality of the system in order to determine which functions are in need of improvement or to be added. To create optimal conditions for the implementation of an enhanced audio functionality, further an actor-network theory based analysis was conducted on the socio-technical network surrounding the GAMER system. By doing this, not only the technical aspects was taken account for, but also factors s such as customer needs, internal interests and competing companies which all are certain to have an impact of the developmental process and thereby the success of the outcome. Finally an outline is presented for the continued development, which is compiled from the explicit and implicit requirements identified in the empirical analysis. The proposed solution is a dynamic audio control system which uses already existing input functions in order to project artificial sound sources on arbitrary positions within the training area. The projections are produced from static audio channels placed on strategic positions, using well-recognized theories for spatial sound restoration. The proposition also includes a further development of the stereo panning theory to enable realistic sound projections for multiple mobile exercise participants.

For millennia battles were essentially affairs of linear encounter. From the 10th Century to the 20th Century, artillery generally fired directly in the two dimensional plane,limiting potential effects. The development of indirect fire changed this , two-dimensional model. Warfare became not so much a matter of linear encounter as one of engagement as cross and throughout an area; and artillery dominated land operations in both the First and Second World Wars as a result. Firepower was subsequently often applied in even greater weights, but its effects were frequently excessive and high-value targets proved elusive. During the Cold War in Europe,the importance of field artillery wanded relative to other arms. Artillery could only regain its utility by acquiring the highest-value targets and engaging them effectively with the appropriate degree of force in time and space true precision, as opposed to mere accuracy at a point. Improvements in target acquisition and accuracy will enable land systems once more to engage targets effectively throughout the battlespace with implications for warfare analogous to those precipitated by the introduction of indirect fire a century ago. Land operations will become increasingly three-dimensional and Joint. The effects of fire will increasingly be applied in, not merely via, the third dimensions, since targets themselves will increasingly be located, not just on the area of a battlefield, but in the volume of three-dimensional battlespace with values of indetermined by considerations of the fourth dimension, time. Fire, lethal and non-lethal, will also be targeted in other less tangible dimensions such as cyber-space and new types of 'virtual counterfire' will also emerge in the forms of legal and moral restraint. All will be viewed through the lens of perceptions. The burgeoning of firepower from all sources now becomes the spur for changes in the relationship between the land and air components, mindful of those novel factors that will increasingly inhibit the application of that firepower.

Civil Affairs and its more robust sibling, Military Government, were military organisations designed to ensure that basic civil order and welfare were maintained in those allied and enemy states encountered on operations during the Second World War. In so doing, they enabled formation commanders to focus on defeating enemy forces without being distracted by possible civilian problems. Using the battle of Normandy as a case study, this research assesses the utility of Civil Affairs in supporting military needs during operations. This contrasts with previous studies that concentrate on aspects of social and diplomatic history. If the need for Civil Affairs was generally axiomatic, there was much debate as to the extent and method of delivery required. Civil Affairs quickly recognised that in dealing with direct problems such as “disorganisation, disease and unrest” it was necessary for seemingly indirect aspects of civilian life to be maintained. Various forms of bureaucratic friction resulted and several Civil Affairs approaches were used, before the model for the North West Europe campaign was agreed. Nevertheless, the organisation employed in Normandy was arguably the most extensive and best prepared of the war. However, it also had to deal with many different civilian problems and in trying military circumstances. Consequently, the battle is fertile ground for the examination of the extent and nature of the organisation’s operational utility. Using primary and secondary sources, this paper argues that Civil Affairs was militarily both useful and necessary. Furthermore, it was able to provide wider diplomatic and political benefits as well as serving core military needs. The research concludes by acknowledging that whilst mistakes were made, the various improvements made to Civil Affairs in preparation for, together with the lessons learnt during, Normandy stood the organisation in good stead for the significantly larger problems encountered later in the war.

La institución de objeto de estudio tiene como principales responsabilidades la seguridad y defensa nacional, la protección de la infraestructura critica nacional y la gestión del riesgo de desastres, motivo por el cual, requiere una óptima gestión de los recursos asignados para asegurar un funcionamiento eficaz. Sin embargo, se ha identificado que desde una perspectiva táctico militar el problema radica en los procesos de mando y control, debido a la falta de conciencia situacional de las personas a cargo de las operaciones militares y las patrullas desplegadas en una zona de operación, lo cual deriva en una ineficiente e ineficaz toma de decisiones. La presente tesis propone el diseño de una solución informática web y móvil, que automatice el control y monitoreo de las patrullas desplegadas en situación de emergencia, en entornos urbanos, utilizando georreferenciación y base de datos en tiempo real, con el objetivo de brindar a las personas al mando de las operaciones militares y a las patrullas desplegadas, la construcción de una imagen veraz y precisa de lo que está ocurriendo en una determinada zona en tiempo real con la finalidad de efectivizar la toma de decisiones. / The institution under study has as its main responsibilities the national security and defense, the protection of the national critical infrastructure and the disaster risk management, which is why it requires an optimal management of the assigned resources to ensure effective operation. However, it has been identified that from a military tactical perspective the problem lies in the command and control processes, due to the lack of situational awareness of the people in charge of military operations and the patrols deployed in an area of ​​operation, which results in inefficient and ineffective decision making. This thesis proposes the design of a web and mobile computing solution that automates the control and monitoring of patrols deployed in emergency situations, in urban environments, using georeferencing and a real-time database, in order to provide the people in command of military operations and deployed patrols, building a true and accurate image of what is happening in a certain area in real time in order to make effective decisions. / Tesis

Thesis (M.S.)--Air Force Institute of Technology, 2003. / Title from title screen (viewed July 1, 2004). "March 2003." Vita. "AFIT/GOR/ENS/03-06." "ADA412960"--URL. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-90). Also issued in paper format.

Also issued in paper format. / Title from title screen (viewed Nov. 28, 2003). "07 April 2003"--P. iii. Includes bibliographical references (p. 23-26).

Thesis (M.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2000. / Title from title screen (viewed Aug. 20, 2003). "December 2000." Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in paper format.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Kansas, 2008. / Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on: Dec 18, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.