My dissertation follows a coherent theme on three important and interesting issues for the Korean labor market as follows: Chapter 1 using data from the 2008 Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (PSED) investigates gender wage differentials among the disabled. The selectivity corrected decomposition framework is employed to examine what factors - endowments, discrimination, and selectivity - account for the wage gap. The main results are as follows: (1) the gender wage gap among the disabled is sizable: (2) the wage gap is significantly attributable to discrimination: (3) the endowments factor plays an important role in explaining gender wage differentials, as well: and (4) the presence of selection effects raises the observed wage gap. Such evidence suggests that Korean disabled female workers are more likely to be disadvantaged than their male counterparts in terms of wages.Chapter 2 using the 2007 Korea Labor and Income Panel Survey (KLIPS) examines the impact on wages of skills-job mismatch between acquired and required English language proficiency in Korean workplaces. The main findings of this study reveal (1) job mismatch in terms of English language skills has a strong statistically significant impact on wages: (2) the returns to over-skilling are negative (the wage penalty), while the returns to under-skilling are positive (the wage premium): and (3) the wage penalty associated with over-skilling is stronger than the wage premium associated with under-skilling.Chapter 3 using the KLIPS data from 1998 through 2008 investigates the causal relationship between veteran status and post-service labor market outcomes by examining the wage experience of veterans and nonveterans. The major empirical findings can be summarized as follows: (1) contrary to the general perception, veteran status has a significant positive impact on wages after completion of military service, inducing a veteran wage premium: and (2) in terms of the veteran wage premium in subgroups based on educational attainment at the time of entry into military service, less-educated veterans have a greater wage premium relative to their nonveteran counterparts of similar backgrounds than is the case for more-educated veterans. It suggests that military service could be particularly important for less-educated veterans.

"The present study is limited to the programs of colleges and universities designed to meet the needs of the veterans. Its primary purpose is to make a survey of the policies and programs of a cross-section of institutions in the nation and to evaluate the programs in light of needs and purposes of veterans as shown by certain surveys....in conclusion the following evaluation is made of the results of this study: 1. The men and women returning from the armed forces to civilian life will have many adjustments to make. To facilitate these adjustments, additional education in many instances will be required. 2. The federal government has made it possible for a much larger number of veterans to return to school than could resume their education otherwise. 3. Not only will the students be more numerous than before, they will be more heterogeneous, thus presenting more complex problems for the schools. The changes being made to accomodate the veterans are obviously changes which do not fundamentally alter the characteristics of higher education. They are changes in the mechanics of education designed to assist veterans in making proper adjustments to academic and civilian life as quickly and as easily as possible."-- leaves 2,96.

En Turquie, la conscription est un principe à valeur constitutionnelle qui est considéré comme un droit et un devoir pour chaque citoyen turc de sexe masculin. Ce dernier est dans l’obligation de servir sous les drapeaux l’année où il atteint ses vingt ans, même s’il réside à l’étranger. Par ailleurs, le lecteur serait peut-être surpris de savoir que ces rites festifs ne découlent pas de la mise en place du service obligatoire en 1924, ils étaient quasi inexistants avant les années 1990 et leur apparition coïncide avec la contre-insurrection contre les séparatistes kurdes dans le sud-est du pays.L’objet de ce travail est précisément de comprendre la conscription (askerlik) à partir des années 1980 comme expérience socialisatrice pour les conscrits, comblant un vide dans les études, pourtant nombreuses, qui portent sur l’armée turque. / No English summary available

The U.S. Department of Defense spent $11 billion in enlistment and retention bonuses from 2006 to 2010, which had only a marginally positive effect on the enlistment rate for the Army. The case study addressed this business problem of recruiting by exploring marketing strategies successful recruiting professionals used to motivate individuals to join the military. The purpose of this study was to determine effective recruiting strategies. Therefore, it incorporated the conceptual framework of emergent strategy theory, which postulated the best strategies are neither completely planned nor completely random, but are rather an adaptation to changing dynamics and circumstances. The population consisted of 2 former recruiters, 1 from the Army and another from the Marine Corps, as well as 38 college students located in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Data for the study morphed from face-to-face interviews and 3 focus groups comprised of 10 to 15 students each, for the purpose of addressing the research question. Data analysis occurred through a process of coding and theming. The 9 themes identified included tell the story, advertising strategies, and fit for duty. A lesson learned from these themes was that the key for successful recruiting strategies lies in aligning with the wants and needs of individuals in the target demographic. If senior leaders in the Department of Defense followed the recommendations provided, each of the branches of the military service could potentially achieve higher recruiting rates at a lower cost. The study could result in social change whereby eligible recruits could view the Army and Marine Corps as professions of arms in which individuals can live out their ideals of patriotism but also have a good quality of life due to the benefits of military service.

In filling their armed forces, many countries rely on conscription, which interrupts conscripts’ labor market participation and accumulation of human capital. Thus, conscription likely affects one’s future earnings. In this paper, I investigate the effects of conscription eligibility in the Netherlands and in Italy on subsequent future earnings. I use a difference-in-difference method, using women as the counterfactual, on Luxembourg Income Study data to calculate the effects of conscription eligibility. I find no systematic earnings effects of conscription. While the existence of educational deferments increase the demand for postsecondary education and hence increase future earnings, factors like military culture, military philosophy, and jobs assigned to conscripts produce different results in the two countries. I find that the Dutch conscription increased (by 6-17%) eligible young men’s earnings while the Italian conscription had no effect or slightly decreased eligible young men’s earnings.

U.S. military service members who are discharged from service for misconduct are at high risk for mental health and substance use disorders, homelessness, mortality, and incarceration. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the pre- and post-discharge experiences and characteristics of this highly vulnerable population in order to inform improved prevention and intervention strategies. Administrative data from the Department of Defense and Veterans Health Administration for veterans of recent conflicts were used to conduct 3 related retrospective cohort studies. These included (1) an evaluation of the demographic and military service characteristics and service-connected disabilities associated with discharge for misconduct; (2) an examination of post-discharge health status and healthcare utilization among misconduct-discharged veterans; and (3) the development of predictive models for homelessness and mortality among misconduct-discharged veterans. Several demographic and military service characteristics were associated with increased risk for misconduct discharge, as were exposure to sexual trauma, and post-discharge designation of service-connected disabilities related to mental illness. Misconduct-discharged veterans were found to have significant and complex healthcare needs, and used clinical services at approximately double the rate of routinely discharged veterans. Several risk factors for homelessness and mortality among this population were identified. Risk stratification models showed good predictive accuracy for homelessness, and fair predictive accuracy for mortality. Targeted counter-attrition strategies and an increased focus on health-related determinants of misconduct, including rehabilitative approaches to behavioral problems, may help to reduce misconduct-related attrition. Efforts to transition post-discharge care from specialty settings to integrated primary care settings may be successful in mitigating adverse outcomes. Risk stratification techniques can facilitate the efficient targeting of resources.

The thesis examines individual Scottish soldiers and Scottish regiments abroad in the second half of the seventeenth century, with particular focus on Scottish military service in France and the Netherlands, c.1660-92. The study contends that privately contracted units, of the sort common in the period of the Thirty Years' War (1618-48), evolved into regular standing regiments by the end of the seventeenth century. This process is visible in the altered conditions experienced by professional Scottish officers and ordinary soldiers who served abroad in this period. This study proposes that Britain's foreign policy was primarily affected by that of her two most potent neighbours: France and the Netherlands profoundly affected the attitude of the Stuart monarchs towards their subjects fighting abroad. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p>The purpose of this study is to examine who were given the opportunity to express their opinions in the government proposition concerning the future of the school system – particularly regarding the proposal that pupils do compulsory military service - submitted to the Swedish parliament 21 March 1941. Our focus is mainly on three parts of the proposition: the proposal to introduce shooting- and grenade practice for all pupils, the proposal to introduce an obligatory military leadership training course for teachers and the proposal to introduce an obligatory summer camp for all pupils.</p><p>Using primarily a qualitative method we examine how different opinions and views are expressed in the statements and utterances responding to the pending proposition and who the responders are. We will attempt to clarify who were considered to be undisputed authorities and experts, and whose opinions, for that reason, carried a lot of weight in the decision making process, comparing them to the statements and utterances submitted on a voluntary basis by non-experts. And finally, to what extent the opinions in the statements and utterances were allowed to guide the propositional work.</p><p>Results show that the statements and utterances were submitted by authorities, chapter, county administrative boards and religious, non-profit and political organizations as well as different types of schools, representatives from the Board of Education and elementary school boards not a part of county councils or other types of associations. Government authorities, chapter and county administrative boards were given priority in the proposition and it was their opinions that the proposition came to rely on. The rest were seen as “guiding” rather than deciding factors, and then only selectively, as they were generally lumped together and treated collectively. Most of the time, their opinions were not heard, and when they were it was usually to support and corroborate decisions already made by the decision making and implementing instances.</p>

The purpose of this study is to examine who were given the opportunity to express their opinions in the government proposition concerning the future of the school system – particularly regarding the proposal that pupils do compulsory military service - submitted to the Swedish parliament 21 March 1941. Our focus is mainly on three parts of the proposition: the proposal to introduce shooting- and grenade practice for all pupils, the proposal to introduce an obligatory military leadership training course for teachers and the proposal to introduce an obligatory summer camp for all pupils. Using primarily a qualitative method we examine how different opinions and views are expressed in the statements and utterances responding to the pending proposition and who the responders are. We will attempt to clarify who were considered to be undisputed authorities and experts, and whose opinions, for that reason, carried a lot of weight in the decision making process, comparing them to the statements and utterances submitted on a voluntary basis by non-experts. And finally, to what extent the opinions in the statements and utterances were allowed to guide the propositional work. Results show that the statements and utterances were submitted by authorities, chapter, county administrative boards and religious, non-profit and political organizations as well as different types of schools, representatives from the Board of Education and elementary school boards not a part of county councils or other types of associations. Government authorities, chapter and county administrative boards were given priority in the proposition and it was their opinions that the proposition came to rely on. The rest were seen as “guiding” rather than deciding factors, and then only selectively, as they were generally lumped together and treated collectively. Most of the time, their opinions were not heard, and when they were it was usually to support and corroborate decisions already made by the decision making and implementing instances.

R&D Substitute Military Service is the transformation of the Defense Industry Reserve Duty System, and early in the system conversion, the employing enterprise and the community had great expectations. The competent authorities and the organizers have also invested a lot of resources, greater use of space in the system at the surface, the character of the employer and the draftee demand. In this study, a qualitative analysis, through in-depth interviews with the the Rebate employing unit, a draftee, analysis of this system the enterprise of the recruitment and staffing management, organizational effectiveness of the shadow impact as the proposed future sophisticated.