Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 425463 bytes, checksum: 257781a7d47df0fceed11d787adbc58c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-19 / Irrigation and mineral nutrition of plants are one of the most important technologies used to increase productivity and enable greater efficiency and stability in agricultural production. Thus the objective of this experiment was to analyze the effect of interaction between irrigation and potassium on growth and biomass production in basil, a plant widely used for various purposes: ornamental, spice, medicinal, aromatic, industrial and perfumery. The trial was conducted in a greenhouse in the experimental area of the Campus II University of Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente SP. The experiment was comprised, four irrigation levels (T1 - 25% ETc, T2 - 50% ETc, T3 - 100% ETc, T4 - 150% ETc) and four potassium levels (0 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1 e 200 kg ha-1) with three replications. The variables analyzed included the length of the field of basil (CPA), root length (RL), root dry mass (RDM), shoot fresh weight (FMAP), shoot dry mass (SDM) and leaf area (AF). There was no interaction between irrigation levels and potassium doses tested for the variables, except for leaf area (LA) showed that interaction between irrigation levels and potassium levels to 1% of significance, with the doses of Potassium significant only for the depth of 100%, the addition of this element in the soil caused increased leaf area. It is recommended that the dose of 200 kg ha-1 K associated with water depth of 100% of the crop water needs, aiming to increase profitability, as this blade had the highest water use efficiencies. / A irrigação e a nutrição mineral de plantas são umas das mais importantes tecnologias empregadas para aumentar a produtividade e permitir maior eficiência e estabilidade na produção agrícola. Dessa maneira o objetivo deste experimento foi analisar o efeito da interação entre lâminas de irrigação e doses de potássio no crescimento e produção de biomassa em manjericão, planta muito utilizada para diversos fins: ornamental, condimentar, medicinal, aromático, na indústria de perfumaria e cosméticos. O ensaio foi conduzido em ambiente protegido na área experimental do Campus II da Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), em Presidente Prudente SP. Constou-se de 16 tratamentos, sendo quatro lâminas de irrigação com base na evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc) (T1 25% ETc, T2 50% ETc, T3 100% ETc, T4 150% ETc) e 4 doses de potássio (0 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1 e 200 kg ha-1), com 3 repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram o comprimento da parte área do manjericão (CPA), comprimento de raiz (CR), massa seca de raiz (MSR), massa fresca de parte aérea (MFPA), massa seca de parte aérea (MSPA) e área foliar (AF). As diferentes lâminas de irrigação e doses de potássio influenciaram significativamente todas as variáveis analisadas. A maior massa da parte aérea foi obtida quando se aplicou certa de 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura e a maior dose de potássio (200 Kg ha-1). Tomando por base a massa da parte aérea, a melhor eficiência do uso da água foi obtida para lâmina d água e dose de K20 ligeiramente menores do que os citados anteriormente.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 471991 bytes, checksum: 75e6979604632c552831edf609c60972 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-22 / This objective of this work was to study the effect of foliar application of boron on the peanut yield. The experiment was conducted from November 2010 to March 2011 in an Oxisol at Rubiacea, SP. It was studied four different rates of foliar boron applications in between 30 and 75 days after emergence (DAE), using boric acid as the source (17% B). The treatments were: 1 - control (without boron fertilization), 2 - 0.5 kg ha-1 of B at 30 DAE, 3 - 0.5 kg ha-1 of B at 75 DAE 4 - 1.0 kg ha-1 of B at 30 DAE, 5 - 1.0 kg ha-1 of B at 75 DAE, 6 - 1.0 kg ha-1 of B with 50% of the rate at 30 DAE and the other 50% at 75 DAE, 7 - 1.5 kg ha-1 of B at 30 DAE, 8 - 1.5 kg ha-1 of B at 75 DAE, 9 -1.5 kg ha-1 of B with 50% at 30 DAE and 50% at 75 DAE, 10 - 1.5 kg ha-1 of B with 33% of the rate at 30 DAE, 33% at 52 DAE, and 33% at 75 DAE, 11 - 2.0 kg ha-1 of B at 30 DAE, 12 - 2.0 kg ha-1 of B with 100% at 75 DAE, 13 - 2.0 kg ha-1 of B with 50 % at 30 DAE and 50% at 75 DAE, and 14 - 2.0 kg ha-1 of B with 25% at 30 DAE, 25% at 45 DAE, 25% at 60 DAE, and 25% at 75 DAE. The experimental design was randomized complete block with four replicates. The Boron rate of 1.5 kg ha-1 divided in three applications of 0.5 kg ha-1 at 30, 45, 60 DAE increased productivity in 18% compared to control. The absence of borated fertilization reduces the levels of leaf N in peanut / O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade, os componentes de produção e a nutrição do amendoim em razão da dose, época de fornecimento e parcelamento das doses de adubação boratada foliar na cultura do amendoim. O experimento foi conduzido entre os meses de novembro de 2010 a março de 2011 em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, em Rubiácea, SP. Foram estudadas quatro doses de boro, com aplicações via foliar entre 30 e 75 dias após emergência (DAE), utilizando como fonte o ácido bórico (17% de B). Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: 1- Testemunha (sem adubação boratada); 2- 0,5 kg ha-1 de B aos 30 DAE; 3- 0,5 kg ha-1 de B aos 75 DAE; 4- 1,0 kg ha-1 de B aos 30 DAE; 5- 1,0 kg ha-1 de B aos 75 DAE; 6- 1,0 kg ha-1 de B com 50% aos 30 DAE e 50% aos 75 DAE; 7- 1,5 kg ha-1 de B aos 30 DAE; 8- 1,5 kg ha-1 de B aos 75 DAE; 9- 1,5 kg ha-1 de B com 50% aos 30 DAE e 50% aos 75 DAE; 10- 1,5 kg ha-1 de B com 33% aos 30 DAE, 33% aos 52 DAE e 33% aos 75 DAE; 11- 2,0 kg ha-1 de B aos 30 DAE; 12- 2,0 kg ha-1 de B aos 75 DAE; 13- 2,0 kg ha-1 com 50% aos 30 DAE e 50% aos 75 DAE; 14- 2,0 kg ha-1 de B com 25% aos 30 DAE, 25% aos 45 DAE, 25% aos 60 DAE e 25% aos 75 DAE. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. A dose de 1,5kg ha-1 de Boro, sendo aplicados 0,5Kg ha-1 aos 30, 45, 60 dias após o plantio aumentou a produtividade em 18% em relação à testemunha. A ausência de adubação boratada reduz os teores de N foliares no amendoim. A ausência de adubação boratada ou a aplicação de 0,5 kg ha-1 aplicada aos 30 DAE promovem os menores teores de B foliar no amendoim. Já a dose de 2,0 kg ha-1 aplicada integralmente aos 75 DAE ou 50% aos 30 DAE e 50% aos 75 DAE promovem os maiores teores de B foliar.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 656931 bytes, checksum: 9e652ea425d8ee514d730485376a75bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-16 / The Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert is a plant from to the Asteraceae family. It is grown in temperate climates having adequate growing conditions in southern and southeastern Brazil. Its cultivation has increased due to its of their medical use for the extraction of essential oil and fractions of flavonoids for the production of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The use of organic fertilizer such as cattle manure and poultry manure, provides higher yields of essential oil and the production of flavonoids. There are few studies related to the agronomic management of medicinal plants, with the need to study the appropriate depths of irrigation and nutrition to obtain a high production and quality. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of irrigation water depths and organic fertilization with cattle and poultry manure on the production and quality of Chamomilla recutita plants. This study was conducted at Unoeste - Campus II in an experimental area. The experimental design was randomized complete block design. The treatments consisted of the irrigation: T0) 0, T1) 150, T2) 100, T3) 75, T4) 50, T5) 25%Etc were calculated using the Class A tank (ECA), associating organic fertilizers used the tanned cattle manure and poultry manure at rates of 0 kg m-2, 3 kg m-2 and 5 kg m-2. Were 36 treatments with four replicates resulting in 144 plots. The measured variables used as parameters on this experiment were: plant height, (two week after seedling transplant and the flowering beginning), fresh and dry weight of plants after harvest, number of capitula, nutrients extraction on the fresh leaves, proline acumlation, content and yield of flavonoids and essecial oil. The statistical analysis was performed using the Scott-Knott test at a probability of 5%. The irrigation water dephts 150% ETc associated with fertilization with chicken manure at a dose 5 kg m-2 promoted the greatest plant growth, production, fresh and dry weight of capitula. The water stress promoted less fresh and dry weight of plant. The water stress caused by the irrigation water dephts of 150% and 0% ETc resulted in a higher concentration of proline in the leaves. The content and yield of flavonoids and essential oil and leaf N content were higher for the irrigation of 150% ETc associated with a dose of 5 kg m-2 of poultry manure. The non-irrigated plants had higher leaf content of macronutrients. / A Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert é uma planta pertencente à família Asteraceae. É cultivada em climas temperados possuindo condições de cultivo adequadas em regiões do sul e sudeste do Brasil. Seu cultivo tem aumentado por ocasião de seu uso medicinal, para extração das frações de óleo essencial e flavonóides para produção de produtos farmacêuticos e cosméticos. A utilização de adubo orgânico, como esterco bovino curtido e esterco de aves, aumenta o rendimento do óleo essencial bem como a produção de flavonóides. Existem poucos estudos relacionados ao manejo agronômico de plantas medicinais, havendo a necessidade do estudo dos níveis adequados de reposição hídrica e nutricional para obtenção de uma produção elevada e de qualidade. O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito da irrigação e da adubação orgânica com esterco bovino curtido e de aves sobre a produção e qualidade da camomila. O presente trabalho foi realizado na Unoeste Campus II,em uma área experimental. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos inteiramente casualizados. Os tratamentos abrangeram as lâminas de irrigação: T0) 0, T1) 150, T2) 100, T3) 75, T4) 50, T5) 25% ETc que foram calculadas utilizando o tanque Classe A (ECA); associando a adubação orgânica utilizado os esterco de curral curtido e esterco de aves nas doses de 0 kg m-2, 3 kg m-2 e 5 kg m-2. Totalizaram 36 tratamentos com quatro repetições resultando em 144 parcelas. As variáveis medidas e utilizadas como parâmetros do experimento foram: altura das plantas (15 dias após o transplante e no início do florescimento), massa fresca e seca de plantas após a colheita, número de capítulos florais, extração de nutrientes pelas folhas, acúmulo de prolina nas folhas frescas, teor e rendimento de flavonóides e de óleo essencial. Após foi realizada análise estatística utilizando o teste de Scott-Knott ao nível de probabilidade de 0,05. A lâmina de irrigação de 150% ETc associada adubação com esterco de aves na dose 5 kg m-2 promoveu maior crescimento das plantas; produção, massa fresca e seca de capítulos florais. O estresse hídrico promoveu menor massa fresca e seca de planta. O estresse hídrico provocado pelas lâminas de 150% e 0%ETc resultaram em maior concentração de prolina nas folhas. O teor e rendimento de flavonóides e óleo essencial, e o teor de nitrogênio foliar foram superior para a lâmina de irrigação de 150% ETc associado a dose de 5 kg m-2 de esterco de ave. As plantas não irrigadas apresentaram maiores teores de macronutrientes foliares.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RODRIGO TAKASHI Dissertacao corrigida.pdf: 1640747 bytes, checksum: 05cd181c479191c3730adbc45584dbd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-25 / This work aimed to study nitrogen dose on substrates and seedling development of businesses in protected conditions high passion fruit genotypes. The work was conducted under glass in the municipality of Presidente Prudente-SP from May to September 2010. Were used 12 treatments, being 3 commercial substrates (Bioplant®, coconut Fiber and Vivatto®) and 4 doses: 0; 150; 300; 600 mg dm-³ N in the form of urea. Have been assessed data on: (A) plant height (cm); number of sheets expanded (NFL); dry matter weight of leaves (MSPA), roots (MSR) and total (MST) (g); and chlorophyll content. To 60 days the best medium in MST were recorded in commercial coconut fiber substrate (3.75 g) and Vivatto® (3.46 g). The best results were obtained by MSPA in coconut Fiber and Vivatto®. For doses of N quadratic effect was for the variables of MSPA, MSR and MST in 300 mg dose from N dm-3. To 120 days the coconut fiber substrate presented the best medium to high and dry mass of aboveground and total. Regarding the MSR in the substrate Bioplant® there was better response to nitrogen application with 468 mg dm-3 dose with only 4.0 g MSR. To 120 days, the commercial coconut fiber substrate provided the best development of seedlings of fruit genotypes. And the best results in response to nitrogen fertilization on growth of seedlings to plant height parameters and total dry matter was obtained in the dose of 600 mg dm-³ N to 120 days in protected conditions. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar substratos e doses de nitrogênio no desenvolvimento de mudas de porte alto de maracujazeiro em condições protegidas. O trabalho foi conduzido em estufa no município de Presidente Prudente- SP de maio a setembro de 2010. Foram utilizados 12 tratamentos, sendo 3 substratos comerciais (Bioplant®, Fibra de coco e Vivatto®) e 4 doses de: 0; 150; 300; 600 mg dm-³ de N na forma de uréia. Foram avaliados dados sobre: altura da planta (A) (cm); número de folhas expandidas (NFL); peso da matéria seca de folhas (MSPA), raízes (MSR) e total (MST) (g); e teor de clorofila. Aos 60 dias as melhores médias na MST foram registradas no substrato comerciais Fibra de Coco (3,75 g) e Vivatto® (3,46 g). Na MSPA as melhores resultados foram obtidas na Fibra de Coco e Vivatto®. Para as doses de N houve efeito quadrático para as variáveis de MSPA, MSR e MST na partir da dose 300 mg de N dm-3. Aos 120 dias o substrato fibra de coco apresentou as melhores médias para altura e massa seca da parte aérea e total. Em relação à MSR no substrato Bioplant® verificou-se melhor resposta a aplicação de nitrogênio com a dose 468 mg dm-³ com 4,0 g MSR. Aos 120 dias, o substrato comercial Fibra de coco proporcionou o melhor desenvolvimento das mudas de maracujazeiro. E os melhores resultados em resposta a adubação nitrogenada no desenvolvimento das mudas, para os parâmetros de altura de planta e matéria seca total foi obtida na dose de 600 mg dm-³ de N aos 120 dias em condições protegidas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Cecilia Teixeira Lima Cremonezi.pdf: 226432 bytes, checksum: 422c0720f73cdb4bbbd8580e6b1f59e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-28 / Phosphorus fertilization on sugarcane has received much research attention in recent years. The use of different phosphate sources with varying source and solubility has required studies to prove the efficiency of phosphorus supply to reduce environmental and economic losses. The organic fertilization with the filter cake is presented as routine practice in the mills, partially replacing phosphorus with gains in productivity. This study aimed to evaluate sources of phosphates (superphosphate and reactive phosphate) fertilizer in the sugarcane plant and its residual effects in the production of ratoon, as well as to evaluate the effect of the filter cake associated with these sources of phosphates. For were quantified this biological parameters related to the P cycle in soil and yield components of sugarcane. O experiment was installed in March 2011 in Presidente Prudente-SP. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications in a split plot design, with portions formed by superphosphate application (SS) Reactive Phosphate Arad with different proportions between SS with FRA. The subplots consisted of the presence or absence of filter cake in the furrow. There was no change in the growth and yield of the crop when it employed the different associations of phosphate fertilizers, with or without filter cake, yet treatment with soluble phosphate decreased ratoon cane yield when compared with the yield of the sugarcane plant. The only soluble phosphate fertilizer source had higher levels of phosphorus in soil and microbial biomass. The filter cake application was beneficial to increase the biomass, microbial, phosphorus and the soluble phosphorus in the soil, but also similarly maintained the performance of cane two years evaluated. / A adubação fosfatada na cana-de-açúcar tem merecido muita atenção da pesquisa nos últimos anos. O uso de diferentes fontes de fosfatos com variação de origem e de solubilidade tem demandado estudos para comprovação da eficiência no fornecimento de fósforo com redução de perdas ambientais e econômicas. A adubação com a torta de filtro apresenta-se como prática rotineira nas usinas e com ganhos na produtividade. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar fontes de fosfatos (superfosfato simples e fosfato reativo) na adubação da cana-planta e seus efeitos residuais na produção de cana-soca, bem como, avaliar o efeito da torta de filtro associado com essas fontes de fosfatos. Para isto, foram quantificados parâmetros biológicos relacionados ao ciclo do P no solo e componentes de produção da cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi instalado em março de 2011 em Presidente Prudente-SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas constituídas pela aplicação superfosfato simples (SS) e/ou Fosfato Reativo de Arad (FRA) com diferentes proporções entre SS com FRA. As subparcelas foram compostas pela presença ou ausência de torta de filtro (TF) no sulco de plantio. Não houve alteração do crescimento e rendimento da cultura quando se empregou as diferentes associações de adubos fosfatados, com ou sem torta, contudo o tratamento apenas com fosfato solúvel apresentou queda de rendimento da cana soca quando se comparou com o rendimento da cana planta. A adubação fosfatada apenas com fonte solúvel apresentou maiores teores de fósforo no solo e na biomassa microbiana. A aplicação de torta de filtro foi benéfica para o aumento da biomassa, fósforo microbiano e fósforo solúvel no solo, como também manteve o rendimento da cana semelhante nos dois anos avaliados.

Orientador: Edivaldo Domingues Velini / Resumo: A espécie Urochloa decumbens é uma das plantas mais importantes e frequentes em áreas com culturas perenes e em áreas não-agrícolas. Os efeitos secundários que ocorrem nas plantas pela aplicação de baixas doses de glyphosate ainda são pouco compreendidos. Desse modo, a hipótese dessa pesquisa foi de que as baixas doses de glyphosate podem suprimir o crescimento, reduzir a competição e permitir a sua utilização para manutenção da cobertura vegetal. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de doses subletais de glyphosate no crescimento, consumo de água, metabolismo e absorção de nutrientes em plantas de U. decumbens. Foram realizados três experimentos em casa de vegetação, seguindo delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três doses de glyphosate (0; 22,5 e 45 g e.a. ha-1) e cinco repetições. As unidades experimentais utilizadas nos experimentos foram constituídas por duas estruturas plásticas acopladas, sendo a superior preenchida com 500 g de substrato comercial e semeada com U. decumbens, e a inferior com 650 mL de água. Aos 15 dias após a semeadura (DAS) realizou-se o desbaste, mantendo 20 plantas por unidade e aos 16 DAS a aplicação dos tratamentos utilizando pulverizador estacionário. Na primeira avaliação, de consumo de água, os três experimentos corresponderam aos períodos de avaliação em dias após aplicação (DAA), sendo feitas medições do volume de água remanescente na estrutura inferior a cada 48 horas, com reposição do volume inicial de 0-15 DAA; 0-30 DA... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The species Urochloa decumbens is one of the most important and frequent plants in perennial and non-agricultural areas. The secondary effects that occur on plants by the application of low doses of glyphosate, are still poorly understood. Thus, the hypothesis of this research was that low doses of glyphosate may suppress growth, reduce competition and allow the use for maintenance of vegetation cover. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sublethal doses of glyphosate on the growth, water consumption, metabolism and nutrient absorption on U. decumbens plants. Three greenhouse experiments were carried out, following a randomized block design with three doses of glyphosate (0, 22.5 and 45 g a.e. ha-1) and five replications. The experimental units used in the experiments consisted of two coupled plastic structures, the upper one filled with 500 g of commercial substrate and sowed with U. decumbens, and the lower with 650 mL of water. At 15 days after sowing (DAS) plants were thinned, maintaining 20 plants per unit and at 16 DAS the application of treatments using a stationary sprayer. In the first evaluation, of water consumption, the three experiments corresponded to the evaluation periods in days after application (DAA), with measurements of the remaining water volume in the lower structure every 48 hours, with initial volume replacement from 0-15 DAA; 0-30 DAA and regrowth of plants (16-30 DAA). At the end of each experiment, the tillers were ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Fruit split is the most important physiological disorder in pomegranate production, causing devastating crop losses worldwide. Foliar nutrient applications have been used experimentally to mitigate pomegranate fruit split but none have been conducted using the industry standard cultivar, Wonderful, and little is known about the effects of foliar nutrient applications on pomegranate. Additionally, investigations into putative health benefits of pomegranate fruit have increased interest in its production but limited evidence exists regarding effects of agricultural practices such as foliar fertilizer applications on internal fruit quality. ‘Wonderful’ pomegranate trees at 2 commercial orchards were treated with foliar applications of ZnSO4 (3000 mg∙L-1, 4000 mg∙L-1, or 5000 mg∙L-1), MgSO4 (1%, 2%, or 3%), KNO3 (1%, 2%, or 3%), or deionized (DI) water (control). Fruit were analyzed for fruit split incidence, yield, fruit number per tree, fruit diameter, fruit mass, mass of all arils in fruit, mass of 100 arils, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), antioxidant activity (AA), total phenolics (TP), and mineral nutrient concentrations of leaves and fruit. Foliar applications of MgSO4 and ZnSO4 resulted in significantly lower fruit split incidence. Treatments had no significant effect on fruit number per tree, fruit diameter, and mass, mass of all arils in fruit, or mass of 100 arils. Leaf N, K, S, Mn, and Zn were significantly affected by the treatments. TSS and TA were not affected significantly by treatments. AA ranged from 77.8-84.3 percent inhibition of 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and TP ranged from 2489-3046 mg·L-1 gallic acid equivalents, with some KNO3 treatments significantly affecting these parameters. Fruit mineral nutrient concentrations were characterized and Zn-treated trees had greater fruit Zn concentrations. The results suggest that foliar ZnSO4 or MgSO4 could be used to decrease fruit split incidence and increase nutritional content of ‘Wonderful’ pomegranate and any of the three tested foliar nutrients could be applied as a foliar fertilizer without negatively impacting fruit yield, size, internal quality, bioactivity, or mineral nutrient concentration.

Baby spinach is a relatively new crop in South Africa with both commercial significance and reputed health benefits. It is known to assist in combating degenerative conditions associated with ageing, such as heart disease, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, cataracts and several forms of cancer. Three parallel NPK trials were conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) on the growth and development of baby spinach. N and P treatments were arranged as (0, 45, 75, 105, 120 kg.ha -1 N and P), and K treatments were arranged as (0, 63, 85, 127, 148 kg.ha -1) in a randomised complete block designed with four replicates. Results showed that yield, dry matter, chlorophyll content and Leaf Area Index (LAI) were significantly increased by increasing the N application, while K had a significant effect on the LAI but not on yield, dry matter, chlorophyll content or stomatal conductance. Nitrogen treatments quadrupled fresh yield, dry matter and chlorophyll content, reaching maximum impact at 75 kg.ha-1 N. Phosphorus application showed significantly increased yields, dry matter and chlorophyll content, reaching maximum impact at 75 kg.ha-1 P. Therefore, to achieve optimum growth with N and P, 75 kg.ha-1 is recommended. The optimum rates of N, P and K were then used to formulate a NPK combined trial which was arranged as 0, 30:30:40, 45:45:60, 60:60:70, 75:75:90 kg.ha-1 in a randomised complete block design with three replicates. The results showed that maximum impact on yield, chlorophyll content, fresh and dry matter was achieved when combined NPK was applied at 45:45:60 / Agriculture and  Animal Health / M. Sc. (Agriculture)

Les recherches sur les interactions porte-greffe/greffon chez la vigne en relation avec l’environnement perdurent depuis plusieurs décennies, mais les mécanismes physiologiques sous-jacents de la vigueur conférée sont toujours incompris. Ce manque de connaissance constitue un frein dans le développement des porte-greffes existants pour contrôler la vigueur et la productivité, ou dans la recherche de nouveaux génotypes de porte-greffe mieux adaptés aux conditions futures de production. L’objectif de ce travail est de comprendre par une approche de biologie intégrative couplant expérimentation et modélisation comment le porte-greffe interagit spécifiquement avec son greffon (et vice versa) pour modifier dès les premières étapes du greffage, les caractéristiques physiologiques de la plante entière afin de coordonner le développement et la croissance des parties aériennes avec celle des parties racinaires. L’azote étant considéré comme un élément-clef de contrôle de la croissance et de l’allocation de la biomasse au sein d’une plante, un accent particulier est porté sur le rôle de la nutrition azotée dans le contrôle trophique de la croissance du couple porte-greffe/greffon. Un travail expérimental en serre a été mené pour caractériser par marquage isotopique les flux d’azote (15N) et de carbone à l’échelle de la plante entière au sein de deux combinaisons de porte-greffe/greffon au stade végétatif : l’une conférant une forte vigueur (CS/1103P), l’autre une faible vigueur (CS/RGM), en réponse à une variation de la disponibilité externe en nitrate. Cette étude sur le couplage entre fonctions d’acquisition et d’utilisation des ressources azotées et carbonées a été complétée par un phénotypage dynamique de la croissance aérienne, de la répartition de biomasse entre les organes et de la composition biochimique et minérale des principaux organes de la plante. Nous avons ainsi pu appréhender les signaux de communication entre la partie aérienne et la partie racinaire de la vigne greffée, ce qui a abouti à l’élaboration d’un modèle conceptuel simplifié du fonctionnement de la vigne greffée. Une première version d’un modèle mécaniste basé sur un formalisme source-puits prenant en compte l’acquisition et l’allocation de C et N au sein de deux compartiments aérien et racinaire, ainsi que leur plasticité vis-à-vis de la disponibilité exogène et endogène en ressources a été élaborée. A terme, le modèle devrait permettre d’identifier des paramètres génétiques clef au niveau racinaire explicitant les différences de croissance et vigueur conférée observées selon les combinaisons porte-greffe/greffon / Research on rootstock/scion interactions in grapevine in relation to the environment persisted for several decades, but the physiological mechanisms determining the rootstock effect on scion vigour are still misunderstood. This lack of knowledge hampers the development of existing rootstocks to control the vigor and productivity, or research new rootstock genotypes better adapted to future conditions of production. The objective of this work is to understand by an integrative biology approach coupling experimentation and modeling how the rootstock interacts specifically with the scion (and vice versa) to change in the early stages of grafting , the physiological characteristics of the whole plant to coordinate the development and growth of the aerial parts with the root parties. Nitrogen is considered a key element in the control of the growth and the biomass allocation within a plant, and a particular emphasis is placed on the role of nitrogen nutrition in the nutritional control of the grafted grapevine growth. Experimental work was conducted in a greenhouse to characterize by isotopic labeling nitrogen (15N) and carbon flow within the whole plant for two rootstock/scion combinations at vegetative stage : one giving a strong vigour (CS/1103P), the other a low vigour (CS / RGM), in response to a change in the external nitrate availability. This study on the coupling between acquisition functions and use of nitrogenous and carbonaceous resources was completed by a dynamic phenotyping aerial growth, the distribution of biomass between the organs and the biochemical and mineral composition of the principal organs of plant. We were able to understand the communication signals between the aerial part and the root part of grafted vines, which led to the development of a simplified conceptual model of the functioning of the grafted vines. A first version of a mechanistic model based on a source-sink formalism taking into account the acquisition and allocation of C and N in both aerial and root compartments and their plasticity to the availability of exogenous and endogenous resource was developed.

O capim tanzânia (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia) é promissor para uso em fitorremediação, devido ao seu sistema radicular extenso, boa adaptação a variados ambientes e alto rendimento de biomassa quando bem nutrido. O enxofre faz parte de compostos essenciais ao sistema antioxidante das plantas. A toxicidade causada por alta disponibilidade de metais, como o zinco, no meio de cultivo é um problema ambiental crescente. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do enxofre em amenizar o estresse causado pelo excesso de zinco no capim tanzânia. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em Piracicaba - SP, durante o verão, em delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial fracionado, com as combinações de doses de enxofre (mmol L-1) e zinco (μmol L-1): 0,1/0,7; 0,1/500; 0,1/3000; 1,0/250; 1,0/1000; 1,9/0,7; 1,9/500; 1,9/3000; 2,8/250; 2,8/1000; 3,7/0,7; 3,7/500 e 3,7/3000. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: componentes de produção (perfilhos, folhas, área foliar, massa de parte aérea e de raízes), concentrações dos nutrientes (N, S, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn), valor SPAD, atividades de enzimas do sistema antioxidante (GR, GPOX, APX, CAT e SOD) e concentração de prolina. A toxicidade de zinco no primeiro crescimento do capim limitou a produção de massa seca e o número total de folhas, enquanto no segundo crescimento também ocorreu limitação na área foliar e no número total de perfilhos. A concentração de enxofre na planta aumentou em função do fornecimento de enxofre e do excesso de zinco no meio de cultivo. O excesso de zinco na planta provocou desequilíbrio na nutrição da planta com os micronutrientes cobre, ferro e manganês. Os indicadores do estresse oxidativo foram sensíveis para detectar a toxicidade do zinco no capim. As reduções na concentração de prolina e nas atividades de enzimas do sistema antioxidante demonstraram o efeito do enxofre em aliviar o estresse por toxicidade de zinco no capim tanzânia. / Tanzania guinea grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania) is promising for use in phytoremediation due to its extensive root system, good adaptation to diverse environments, and high biomass production when well nourished. Sulfur is part of essential compounds to the plant\'s antioxidant system. Toxicity caused by high availability of metals, such as zinc, in the growth medium is a growing environmental problem. The objective was to evaluate the effect of sulfur in mitigating the stress caused by zinc excess in tanzania guinea grass. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at Piracicaba, SP, during the summer, in a randomized block design with rates of sulfur (mmol L-1) and zinc (μmol L-1) of 1/0.7; 0.1/500; 0.1/3000; 1.0/250; 1.0/1000; 1.9/0.7; 1.9/500; 1.9/3000; 2.8/250; 2.8/1000; 3.7/0.7; 3.7/500 and 3.7/3000. The response variables evaluated were plant production components (number of tillers, number of leaves, leaf area, and shoots and roots dry matter), nutrient concentrations (N, S, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn), SPAD value, activities of the antioxidant enzymes (GR, GPOX, APX, CAT and SOD) and proline concentration. Zinc toxicity in the first growth of the grass limited the dry mass production and the total number of leaves, while in the second growth also there was limitation in the leaf area and the total number of tillers. The concentration of sulfur in the plant increased as a function of sulfur supply and excess zinc in the growth medium. Excess zinc in the plant caused imbalance in plant nutrition for the micronutrients copper, iron and manganese. The indicators of oxidative stress were sensitive to detect grass toxicity by zinc. Reductions in proline concentration and enzyme activities of the antioxidant system demonstrated the effect of sulfur in alleviating the stress of zinc toxicity in tanzania guinea grass.