京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20613号 / 医博第4262号 / 新制||医||1023(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 小川 修, 教授 篠原 隆司, 教授 近藤 玄 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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Drone-mounted ground penetrating radar (GPR) has the capability to investigate terrain that is inaccessible or hazardous to humans. A linear frequency-modulated (LFM) radar with the potential for GPR applications is described based on the LimeSDR Mini software defined radio (SDR). Challenges of the LimeSDR Mini radar include the SDR's lack of support for transmitter-receiver synchronization and high bleedthrough leakage. These issues are overcome through corrective software processing techniques including deconvolution of the SDR's system impulse response and digital feed-through nulling. Feed-through nulling is effective at reducing bleedthrough leakage, achieving a 26 dB reduction in power. Although high noise can confound the identification of targets with small radar cross sections in dynamic environments, the LimeSDR Mini radar is demonstrated to display a moving target across multiple ranges. This research demonstrates the increasing accessibility of SDR radar for drone applications, as the LimeSDR Mini is lightweight and low-cost compared to high-end SDRs typically used in SDR radar.

The embrittlement of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels due to neutron irradiation restricts the operating lifetime of nuclear reactors. The reference temperature 𝑇0, obtained from fracture mechanics testing using the Master Curve concept, is a good indicator of the irradiation resistance of a material. The measurement of the shift in 𝑇0 after neutron irradiation, which accompanies the embrittlement of the material, using the Master Curve concept, enables the assessment of the reactor materials. In the context of worldwide life time extensions of nuclear power plants, the limited availability of neutron irradiated materials (surveillance materials) is a challenge. Testing of miniaturized 0.16T C(T) specimens manufactured from already tested standard Charpy-sized specimens helps to solve the material shortage problem. In this work, four different reactor pressure vessel steels with different compositions were investigated in the unirradiated and in the neutron-irradiated condition. A total number of 189 mini-C(T) samples were fabricated and tested. An important component of this study is the transferability of fracture mechanics data from mini-C(T) to standard Charpy-sized specimen. Our results demonstrate good agreement of the reference temperatures from the mini-C(T) specimens with those from standard Charpy-sized specimens. RPV steels containing higher Cu and P contents exhibit a higher increase in 𝑇0 after irradiation. The fracture surfaces were investigated using SEM in order to record the location of the fracture initiators. The fracture modes were also determined. A large number of test results formed the basis for a censoring probability function, which was used to optimally select the testing temperature in Master Curve testing. The effect of the slow stable crack growth censoring criteria from ASTM E1921 on the determination of 𝑇0 was analysed and found to have a minor effect. Our results demonstrate the validity of mini-C(T) specimen testing and confirm the role of the impurity elements Cu and P in neutron embrittlement. We anticipate further research linking microstructure to the fracture properties of materials before and after neutron irradiation and the optimization of Master Curve testing using the results from our statistical analysis.

Background: Maxillary expansion has long been used in children and adolescents for transverse discrepancies and dental crowding. With age, the mid-palatal suture becomes increasingly mature, requiring heavy, rapid force in order to achieve skeletal expansion. As an individual grows into adulthood, it has been demonstrated that a skeletally anchored expander can be used in order to achieve successful sutural separation. The side effects between these two types of expanders, including dental tipping with relative extrusion of buccal segments and clockwise mandibular rotation, have been demonstrated to have differences in their degrees of severity. However, most of the studies have evaluated the effects immediately following the expansion and not through a prolonged period in which growth may occur. The purpose of the present study was to investigate long-term skeletal differences in two types of expansion (RPE vs MARPE) on a growing population. Methods: This retrospective study included 39 adolescent subjects (mean age = 13.8 years) who had received maxillary expansion (20 RPE, 19 MARPE) with subsequent completion of orthodontic treatment. Initial and final CBCTs were used to analyze cephalometric and transversal changes between the two groups. Transverse measurements were repeated two weeks apart to test intra-observer reliability. Results: Cephalometric analysis demonstrated no significant differences in changes of FMA (p = 0.549) or MP-SN (p = 0.722) between the two groups following expansion and completion of orthodontic treatment. There were statistically significant differences in transverse changes between the two groups, with the MARPE group displaying more skeletal expansion. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that skeletally anchored expander - MARPE and conventional expander have similar skeletal effects in adolescents.

Bakgrund: Andelen äldre över 60 år ökar och förväntas öka ytterligare framöver. Kognitiv svikt är en av de vanligaste åkommorna samt ett hälsoproblem över hela världen. En viktig riskfaktor för kognitiv svikt är åldrande. Ett annat tillstånd hos äldre som lätt förbises är ortostatisk hypotension (OH). Det finns studier som påvisar samband mellan OH och kognitiv svikt, likväl studier som inte påvisar något samband, vilket gör att det råder delade meningar. Ytterligare kunskap behövs för att stärka det vetenskapliga underlaget till distriktssköterskans hälsofrämjande arbete när det gäller patientutbildning och egenvårdsråd. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka om ortostatisk hypotension har ett samband med kognitiv svikt hos yngre äldre för att bidra med vetenskapligt underlag till distriktssköterskans hälsofrämjande arbete. Metod: Designen var en kvantitativ studie i samarbete med Swedish National Study on Aging and Care – Blekinge. Urvalet inkluderade yngre äldre (60-78år). Variabler som kön, ålder, utbildning, blodtrycksvärden samt resultat på Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) valdes ut. Analysen gjordes i statistikprogrammet SPSS och började med deskriptiv statistik. För att se signifikant skillnad genomfördes Mann-Whitney U-test och Chi-2. Till sist utfördes en logistisk regression för att undersöka vad som påverkade den kognitiva förmågan mest. Resultat: Hos yngre äldre påvisades ingen statistisk signifikans när det gäller sambandet mellan OH och kognitiv svikt. Däremot sågs en tendens som pekade på att av de som har kognitiv svikt så var det fler som hade OH. 72-åringarna hade lägst medelvärde på MMSE. Kvinnor hade i högre utsträckning både kognitiv svikt och låg utbildning än män. Lågutbildning var en riskfaktor för kognitiv svikt. Det sågs en markant ökning av OH där 14% av 60-åringarna hade OH och 36,7% av 72-åringarna. Generellt hade män i högre utsträckning OH än kvinnor.  Slutsats: Inget samband påvisades mellan OH och kognitiv svikt, däremot sågs en visuellt synlig skillnad i alla grupper utom 60 år. Prevalensen av OH ökade efter 60 år. Låg utbildningsnivå var en riskfaktor för kognitiv svikt. Genom ökad kunskap kan distriktssköterskan ge egenvårdsråd och säker hälsovägledning till patienter och närstående för att främja hälsan hos äldre individer

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