• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 16
  • 13
  • 3
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 43
  • 43
  • 43
  • 17
  • 16
  • 16
  • 14
  • 12
  • 10
  • 8
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 5
  • 5
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Composição química e atividades biológicas das folhas de Eugenia involucrata DC / Chemical composition and biological activities of the leaves of Eugenia involucrata DC

Toledo, Adrieli Gorlin 05 March 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2018-08-24T13:49:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Adrieli_Toledo2018.pdf: 1064570 bytes, checksum: b4b7ab870d6f9388d0d57ae7ea9c766d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T13:49:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Adrieli_Toledo2018.pdf: 1064570 bytes, checksum: b4b7ab870d6f9388d0d57ae7ea9c766d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Scientific researches with Brazilian native species have aroused a growing interest in the search for active compounds with biological potential. The fruit species Eugenia involucrata DC. (Myrtaceae), known as “cerejeira-do-mato”, is popularly used in the form of tea with antidiarrheal and digestive action. In the literature, although researches with the fruit because to its commercial value, studies with the leaves of the species are scarce, being few data related to the biological activities of this plant. Therefore, the objective of this work was to identify the chemical components of the essential oil by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and to perform the phytochemical exploration of the plant extracts through colorimetric visualization and / or precipitate formation. In addition, the antimicrobial activity by the broth microdilution technique and the antioxidant activity by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) method were evaluated. In the analysis of the essential oil by GC-MS 28 compounds were identified, all sesquiterpenes, corresponding to 89.41% of the essential oil. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was observed for all Gram-positive bacteria tested and for yeast C. albicans. The essential oil presented a reduction capacity of DPPH up to 66.81%, evidencing its antioxidant potential. The phytochemical prospection of the extracts detected the presence of saponins, steroids, flavonoids and tannins. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were observed in all extracts tested. The extracts that presented the best results were: methanolic with antimicrobial activity between 3.12 and 25 mg.mL-1 and antioxidant percentage of 95.85% in the concentration of 1.0 mg.mL-1; and the ethanolic with antimicrobial activity between 3.12 and 50 mg.mL-1 and antioxidant activity of 92.84% in the concentration of 1.0 mg.mL-1. It is suggested that the biological activities found for the essential oil are related to its major compounds: elixene (26.53%), β-caryophyllene (13.16%), α-copaene (8.41%) and germacrene D (7.17%). Regarding the extracts, due to the proven presence of flavonoids and tannins, it is suggested that these phenolic compounds are related to the activities found. / As pesquisas científicas com espécies nativas brasileiras têm despertado um crescente interesse na busca por compostos ativos com potencial biológico. A espécie frutífera Eugenia involucrata DC. (Myrtaceae), conhecida por cerejeira-do-mato, é popularmente usada na forma de chá com ação antidiarreica e digestiva. Na literatura, apesar de pesquisas com o fruto devido ao seu valor comercial, estudos com as folhas da espécie são escassos, sendo encontrados poucos dados relacionados as atividades biológicas dessa planta. Diante disso, este trabalho objetivou identificar os componentes químicos do óleo essencial por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM) e realizar a prospecção fitoquímica dos extratos vegetais por meio da visualização colorimétrica e/ou na formação de precipitado. Além disso, foi avaliada a atividade antimicrobiana pela técnica de microdiluição em caldo e a atividade antioxidante pelo método do 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazila (DPPH). Na análise do óleo essencial por CG-EM identificou-se 28 compostos, todos sesquiterpenos, correspondendo a 89,41% do óleo essencial. A atividade antimicrobiana do óleo foi observada para todas as bactérias Gram-positivas testadas e para a levedura C. albicans. O óleo essencial apresentou capacidade redutora de radicais DPPH de até 66,81%, evidenciando seu potencial antioxidante. A prospecção fitoquímica dos extratos detectou a presença de saponinas, esteroides, flavonoides e taninos. As atividades antimicrobiana e antioxidante foram observadas em todos os extratos testados. Os extratos que apresentaram os melhores resultados foram: metanólico com atividade antimicrobiana entre 3,12 e 25 mg.mL-1 e percentual antioxidante de 95,85% na concentração de 1,0 mg.mL-1; e o etanólico com atividade antimicrobiana entre 3,12 e 50 mg.mL-1 e atividade antioxidante de 92,84% na concentração de 1,0 mg.mL-1. Sugere-se que as atividades biológicas encontradas para o óleo essencial estejam relacionadas aos seus compostos majoritários: elixeno (26,53%), β-cariofileno (13,16%), α-copaeno (8,41%) e germacreno D (7,17%). Referente aos extratos, devido a comprovada presença de flavonoides e taninos, sugere-se que estes compostos fenólicos estejam relacionados as atividades encontradas.
32

Estudo da determinação da concentração inibitória mínima do muco de Achatina fulica sobre Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 / Study of the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration of the mucus of Achatina fulica on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923

Paula Adriane Piccolo Pieruzzi 30 November 2012 (has links)
A mastite bovina apresenta alta prevalência nos rebanhos leiteiros e a antibioticoterapia é o procedimento mais utilizado no tratamento da mesma. O Staphylococcus aureus, agente etiológico mais frequentemente isolado em casos de mastite, tem demonstrado em diversos estudos aumento crescente no padrão de resistência aos antimicrobianos. O desenvolvimento de bactérias resistentes e a presença de resíduos de antimicrobianos no leite estimulam o desenvolvimento de novos tratamentos que solucionem estes problemas. O muco dos moluscos Achatina fulica é composto por uma glicoproteína, denominada achacin, com atividade antimicrobiana sobre bactérias Gram positivas. Sendo assim, os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana in vitro do muco de A. fulica sobre S. aureus, bem como determinar e avaliar a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) do muco de A. fulica purificado sobre S. aureus ATCC 25923 e isolados de S. aureus provenientes de infecções intramamárias bovina. O muco foi purificado mediante cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e a fração com atividade antimicrobiana foi submetida à quantificação protéica e microdiluição em caldo. A CIM do muco purificado determinada para a cepa ATCC 25923 correspondeu a 50 µg/mL e para os isolados de S. aureus, variou entre 12,5 e 100 µg/mL. Sendo que destes, dois isolados (6,7 %) apresentaram CIM de 12,5 µg/mL, três (10 %) CIM de 25µg/mL, vinte e três (76,6 %) CIM de 50 µg/mL e dois (6,7 %) apresentaram CIM de 100 µg/mL. A CIM50 para os isolados correspondeu a 50 µg/mL e a CIM90 a 100 µg/mL. No presente estudo observou-se que o muco purificado apresentou atividade antimicrobiana com ação bactericida. Estes resultados proporcionam perspectivas para a compreensão e otimização de protocolos microbiológicos deste potencial biofármaco com a finalidade de empregá-lo futuramente na terapêutica veterinária para o controle de infecções intramamárias causadas por S. aureus. / The bovine mastitis is highly prevalent in dairy herds and antibiotic therapy is the procedure most commonly used to treat it. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequently isolated etiologic agent in cases of mastitis and it has been shown in several studies the pattern of increasing antimicrobial resistance. Due to the development of resistant bacterias and the presence of antimicrobial residues in the milk the development of new treatments to solve those problems are required. The mucus of the molluscs Achatina fulica contains a glycoprotein called achacin that presents antimicrobial activity against Gram positive bacteria. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the A. fulica mucus of on S. aureus, as well the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of A. fulica mucus purified on S. aureus ATCC 25923 and isolates of S. aureus from bovine intramammary infections. The mucus was purified by high performance liquid chromatography. The protein content in portion presenting the was quantified and microdiluted. The MIC determined for the purified mucus strain ATCC 25923 was 50 µg/mL and for the isolates of S. aureus ranged between 12,5 and 100 µg/mL. Among these samples, two isolates (6,7 %) showed MIC of 12,5 µg/mL, three (10 %) of MIC 25 µg/mL, twenty-three (76,6 %) MIC of 50 µg/mL and two (6,7 %) had an MIC of 100 µg/mL. The MIC50 for isolates was 50 µg/mL and MIC90 to100 µg/mL. It was found that the purified mucus showed bactericidal activity. The results showed in the present work improved the understanding and optimization of the biopharmaceutical microbiological potential that could be applied in new protocols in future veterinary therapy for the control of intramammary infections caused by S. aureus.
33

Diversidade e atividade antimicrobiana de bactérias isoladas de esponjas marinhas / Diversity and antimicrobial activity of bacteria isolated from marine sponges

Mantovani, Cristina Kampus 05 April 2011 (has links)
Orientador: Fabiana Fantinatti-Garboggini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T12:39:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mantovani_CristinaKampus_M.pdf: 1137189 bytes, checksum: 2db8a522e2d39a0ae80a5e302d4d79e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Nas últimas décadas um grande número de compostos de interesse biotecnológico, como por exemplo, citotoxinas, agentes antifúngicos, antimicrobianos, antivirais e anticancerígenos têm sido isolados de esponjas marinhas. Entretanto, estudos comprovam que, em muitos casos, os compostos ativos desses animais são oriundos de micro-organismos associados, que podem compor até 60% do volume tecidual das esponjas. A presente proposta teve por objetivo a caracterização taxonômica da diversidade de bactérias cultiváveis associadas às esponjas coletadas no litoral norte do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, e a avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana a partir de extratos orgânicos brutos dessas bactérias. Um total de 86 bactérias foi recuperado das esponjas Axinella corrugata, Dragmacidon reticulata, Chelonaplysilla erecta e Petromica citrina utilizando diferentes meios de cultivo. A diversidade das bactérias foi caracterizada utilizando dados de morfologia, ARDRA (Amplified Ribossomal Restriction Analysis) e sequenciamento do gene RNA ribossomal 16S, cuja análise permitiu a identificação de membros pertencentes aos filos Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes e Firmicutes num total de 15 gêneros distintos. O gênero Pseudovibrio foi o único presente em todas as esponjas amostradas, e os gêneros Bacillus, Ruegeria, Vibrio, Staphylococcus e Erythrobacter estavam presentes em mais de uma esponja. A esponja Dragmacidon reticulata apresentou a maior diversidade bacteriana, englobando oito diferentes gêneros, dentre eles, um representate do gênero Cyclobacterium, o qual até onde se sabe, foi isolado pela primeira vez de uma esponja marinha. O gênero Bacillus esteve presente em três esponjas, mas na Petromica citrina, endêmica do Brasil, o gênero ficou representado em 74% dos isolados obtidos. Este estudo foi o primerio relato sobre a diversidade de bactérias cultiváveis da esponja Petromica critrina. Todos os isolados foram avaliados quanto à presença ou ausência dos fragmentos dos genes PKS (Polyketide Synthases) e NRPS (Non Ribossomal Peptide Synthetases), visando à investigação do potencial biotecnológico das bactérias, e mais da metade delas apresentaram pelo menos um dos genes estudados. Uma triagem da atividade antimicrobiana utilizando o método da difusão em bloco de ágar demonstrou que 21 isolados foram promissores para produção de antimicrobianos. Destes isolados foram obtidos os extratos orgâncios brutos, os quais foram testados quanto à determinação da concentração inibitória mínima contra oito micro-organismos indicadores. Um total de 13 extratos orgânicos brutos, em sua maioria respresentantes do gênero Bacillus, demonstraram ação contra o micro-organismo Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051 e um deles demonstrou ação contra o micro-organismo Escherichia coli ATCC 11775. A numerosa inibição de estirpes de Bacillus por outros Bacillus sugere que a atividade possa ser gerada por bacteriocinas, polipeptídeos produzidos pela via ribossomal que atuam na inibição de crescimento de grupos próximos de micro-organismos. Sua possível função no meio ambiente é prover vantagem seletiva através da eliminação de um competidor relativamente próximo. Ainda, um representante do gênero Exiguobacterium apresentou atividade antimicrobiana contra B. subtilis, resultado este não descrito até o presente na literatura / Abstract: In recent decades a large number of compounds of biotechnological interest, such as cytotoxins, antifungal, antimicrobial, antiviral and anticancer substances have been isolated from marine sponges, however, studies show that, in many cases, the active compounds are actually produced by associated microorganisms, which can comprise up to 60% of the volume of sponge tissue. This proposal aimed to characterize the taxonomic diversity of culturable bacteria associated with sponges collected in the northern coast of São Paulo, Brazil, and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity from crude organic extracts of these bacteria. A total of 86 bacteria were recovered from sponges the Axinella corrugata, Dragmacidon reticulata, Petromica citrina and Chelonaplysilla erecta using different culture media. The diversity of bacteria was characterized using data from morphology, ARDRA (Amplified Ribossomal Restriction Analysis) and sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene, whose analysis allowed the identification of members belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, in a total of 15 distinct genera. The genus Pseudovibrio was the only one present in all sponges sampled, and the genera Bacillus, Ruegeria, Vibrio, Staphylococcus and Erythrobacter were present in more than one sponge sampled. The sponge Dragmacidon reticulata showed the highest bacterial diversity, encompassing eight different genera, among which the genus Cyclobacterium, which, as far as is known, was first isolated from a marine sponge. The genus Bacillus was present in three sponges, but in Petromica citrina, endemic to Brazil, the genus accounted for 74% of the isolates. This study was the first report on the diversity of culturable bacteria from the sponge Petromica critrina. All isolates were evaluated for the presence or absence of NRPS (non ribossomal peptide synthetases) and PKS (polyketide synthase) genes in order to investigate the biotechnological potential of bacteria, and over half of the isolates had at least one of these genes. A screening of antimicrobial activity using the diffusion agar disk method showed that 21 isolates were promising for the production of antibiotics. Crude organic extracts from these isolates were produced and tested against eight indicator microorganisms to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). A total of 13 crude organic extracts, most of the genus Bacillus, showed inhibitory activity against the microorganism Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051, and one of them showed activity against the microorganism Escherichia coli ATCC 11775. The large inhibition of Bacillus strains to other Bacillus strains suggests that the activity can be generated by bacteriocins produced through ribosomal polypeptides that inhibit close groups of microorganisms. Its possible role in the environment is to provide a selective advantage by eliminating a relatively close competitor. Still, a representative of the genus Exiguobacterium showed antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis, which was not described in the literature up to date / Mestrado / Microbiologia / Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular
34

Investigação genética e funcional da produção de compostos antimicrobianos por bactérias oriundas da Antártica = Genetic and functional evaluation of production of antimicrobial compounds by bacteria from Antarctica / Genetic and functional evaluation of production of antimicrobial compounds by bacteria from Antarctica

França, Paula, 1987- 26 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Fabiana Fantinatti Garboggini, Marta Cristina Teixeira Duarte / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T21:03:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Franca_Paula_M.pdf: 7905078 bytes, checksum: 6735b6d77cec7c206090abaa6e56fdfc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Os micro-organismos associados ao continente Antártico apresentam populações diversas e metabolicamente ativas, porém o potencial farmacológico dos compostos obtidos pelos micro-organismos é pouco conhecido. As bactérias são importante fonte de compostos utilizados atualmente como antimicrobianos, e as principais vias de biossíntese de muitos antibióticos são catalisadas pelos genes PKS (Polyketide Synthases) e NRPS (Non Ribosomal Peptide Synthetases). O presente estudo teve como objetivo a avaliação genética e funcional da produção de compostos antimicrobianos obtidos de bactérias isoladas na Baía do Almirantado, Antártica, a identificação taxonômica das bactérias que apresentaram tal potencial e a identificação do perfil químico dos compostos antimicrobianos. O total de 153 bactérias foi isolado do ambiente antártico, 127 isolados apresentaram pelo menos um dos genes PKSI, PKSII e NRPS. Estes foram identificados através do sequenciamento parcial do gene RNA ribossomal 16S e pertencem a 28 gêneros distintos, sendo representantes dos Filos Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria e Bacteroidetes. A avaliação funcional da produção de antimicrobianos foi realizada com o total de 76 isolados dos quais 30 isolados formaram halos de inibição frente a micro-organismos testes. Os extratos brutos obtidos foram avaliados quanto à concentração inibitória mínima (MIC) frente a oito micro-organismos não virulentos, e 18 extratos brutos apresentaram atividade inibitória, onde se destaca o extrato denominado E131, obtido da bactéria do gênero Streptomyces, que apresentou atividade bacteriostática frente S. aureus e M. luteus, e atividade bactericida frente a C. albicans e B. subtilis. Frente a micro-organismos isolados de amostras clínicas, 11 extratos brutos apresentaram atividade inibitória frente a quatro cepas de Neisseria meningitides, com MIC dos extratos brutos variando de 0,0313 mg.mL-1 até 2,0 mg.mL-1. O extrato E46, obtido da bactéria Pseudoalteromonas sp., destacou-se quanto à atividade inibitória observada frente às quatro cepas avaliadas. Frente à cepa B4, destacam-se a atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos brutos obtido das bactérias Pseudoalteromonas sp. e Pseudomonas azotoformans CUG12536. Frente à cepa YUSA, destaca-se a atividade antimicrobiana observada pelo extrato bruto obtido da bactéria Marinilactibacillus sp., cuja atividade antimicrobiana foi relatada pela primeira vez neste gênero de bactéria. Os extratos brutos possuem em sua composição, compostos cuja atividade antimicrobiana é conhecida, como ácidos graxos e compostos cuja atividade antimicrobiana não está descrita na literatura. Os testes de fracionamento dos extratos frente a solventes de diferentes polaridades indicou que os extratos brutos são solúveis, em sua maioria, a solvente polar. Portanto, as bactérias isoladas da Antártica produzem compostos de interesse farmacológico e podem ser utilizadas como fonte de novos compostos. Tais resultados enfatizam a necessidade de mais estudos de bactérias associadas a ambientes extremos, como a Antártica / Abstract: Microorganisms associated with the Antarctic continent have various and metabolically active populations, but the pharmacological potential of compounds obtained by micro-organisms is poorly understood. Bacterias are an important source of compounds currently used as antimicrobial, major biosynthetic pathways of many antibiotics are catalyzed by the PKS genes (Polyketide Synthases) and NRPS (Non Ribosomal Peptide Synthetases). This study had the objective to genetic and functional evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of bacteria isolated in Admiralty Bay, Antarctica, and the taxonomic identification of bacteria that had such potential and identification of the chemical profile of antimicrobial compounds. The total of 153 bacteria was isolated from Antarctic environment, among the isolates, 127 isolates showed at least one of the genes PKSI, PKSII and NRPS. These were identified by partial sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene and belong to 28 different genera, with representatives of the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The functional evaluation of the production of antibiotic was conducted with a total of 76 isolates including 30 isolates that formed inhibition halos against test microorganisms. The crude extracts were evaluated as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against eight non-virulent microorganisms, and 18 crude extracts showed activity, highlighting the so-called E131 extract, obtained from bacteria of the genus Streptomyces, which showed bacteriostatic activity against S. aureus and M. luteus, and bactericidal activity against C. albicans and B. subtilis. Faced with microorganisms isolated from clinical samples, 11 crude extracts showed inhibitory activity against four strains of Neisseria meningitides, with MIC ranging from 0.0313 mg.mL-1 to 2.0 mg.mL-1. The E46 extract obtained from the bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp., stood out as the inhibitory activity observed across the four evaluated strains. Faced with the strain B4, stand out the antimicrobial activity of crude extracts obtained from bacteria Pseudoalteromonas sp. and Pseudomonas azotoformans CUG12536. Against YUSA strain, Marinilactibacillus sp. crude extract showed antimicrobial activity, which was the first reported in this bacterial genus. The extracts have in their composition, antimicrobial compounds whose activity is known, such as fatty acids, and compounds whose antimicrobial activity is not described in the literature. Fractionation tests of extracts using solvents of different polarities, indicated that the crude extracts are soluble mostly the polar solvent. Therefore, the bacteria isolated from the Antarctic produce compounds of pharmacological interest and can be used as a source of novel compounds. These results highlight the need for more studies of bacteria associated with extreme environments, such as Antarctica / Mestrado / Microbiologia / Mestra em Genética e Biologia Molecular
35

Perfil da Sensibilidade Microbiana de Bactérias Isoladas nos Olhos de Cães com Ceratoconjuntivite Seca / Profile of Bacteria Microbial Sensitivity Isolated in Dogs with Eyes Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca

Pereira, Carolina Silva Guimarães 06 May 2016 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:53:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina Silva Guimaraes Pereira.pdf: 713350 bytes, checksum: d2adc7dea782d58a041a7b1b5991ba9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-06 / This study aims to evaluate the microbial sensitivity profile of bacteria isolated from the eyes of dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). We evaluated 65 dogs (n=65) diagnosed with KCS and 30 healthy dogs (c=30) (control group). After diagnosis of KCS, conjunctival swabs were collected and the microbiological examinations performed under aerobic culture, antibiogram and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the antibiotics chloramphenicol, tobramycin, ofloxacin and moxifloxacin. With respect to the sensitivity to the tested antibiotics, polymyxin B, tobramycin and chloramphenicol obtained that highest percentages and tetracycline the lowest percentage. Regarding the results of the MIC, the fifteen most resistant strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and the fifteen most resistant strains of Gram-negative were selected. For S. pseudintermedius, tobramycin demonstrated the highest percentage of sensitivity and ofloxacin and moxifloxacin the lowest. For Gram-negative, ofloxacina and moxifloxacina demonstrated (100%) of sensitivity, tobramycin (93,3%) and chloramphenicol (80%). Three multi-resistant strains of S. pseudintermedius were detected, one with isolated sensitivity to cefazolin, another to vancomycin and another to polymyxin B and amikacin. Remission from bacterial infection was achieved after 15 days in 100% of the animals topically treated with antibiotics selected according to the sensitivity. The bacteria isolated from the eyes of dogs with KCS presented variable sensitivity to the tested antibiotics, according to the species considered. The emergence of quinolone-resistant strains of S. pseudintermedius, with higher prevalence detected in the eyes, reinforces the need to identify the bacteria involved and antimicrobial susceptibility profile, as secondary infections, can be an aggravating and perpetuating factor of KCS. / Objetivou-se avaliar o perfil de sensibilidade microbiana de bactérias isoladas dos olhos de cães com ceratoconjuntivite seca (CCS). Foram avaliados 65 cães (n=65) diagnosticados com CCS e 30 cães (c=30) hígidos para o grupo controle. Foram coletados swabs conjuntivais e realizados os exames microbiológicos cultura em aerobiose, antibiograma e concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) para os antibióticos cloranfenicol, tobramicina, ofloxacina e moxifloxacina. Com relação à sensibilidade dos antibióticos testados, a polimixina B, a tobramicina e o cloranfenicol obtiveram maior percentual, enquanto que a tetraciclina o menor percentual. Com relação aos resultados da CIM, foram selecionadas as quinze cepas mais resistentes dos Staphylococcus pseudintermedius e as quinze cepas mais resistentes dos Gram-negativos. Para S. pseudintermedius a tobramicina expressou maior percentual de sensibilidade e a ofloxacina e moxifloxacina menor. Para Gram-negativos, ofloxacina e moxifloxacina apresentaram (100%) de sensibilidade, tobramicina (93,3%) e cloranfenicol (80%). Foram detectadas 3 linhagens de S. pseudintermedius multirresistentes, sendo um isolado sensível à cefazolina, outro a vancomicina e outro a polimixina B e amicacina. Em 100% dos animais tratados topicamente com os antibióticos selecionados pela sensibilidade, obteve-se a remissão da infecção bacteriana após 15 dias. As bactérias isoladas de olhos de cães com CCS possuem sensibilidade variável frente aos antibióticos testados, de acordo com a espécie considerada. A emergência de linhagens quinolona-resistentes de S. pseudintermedius, agente de prevalência mais alta detectada nesses olhos, reforça a necessidade de identificação da bactéria envolvida e perfil de sensibilidade microbiana, visto que a infecção secundária, pode ser um fator agravante e perpetuante da CCS.
36

Silver Nanoparticles: An effective antibacterial agent against Gram-negative bacteria

Wilcox, Ashley M. 19 December 2019 (has links)
No description available.
37

Antimicrobial Activity of Fractionated Borohydride-Capped and Electrochemical Colloidal Silver

Markopoulos, Marjorie M. January 2017 (has links)
No description available.
38

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONS OF THE HINT FORCEFIELD IN PREDICTION OF ANTIBIOTIC EFFLUX AND VIRTUAL SCREENING FOR ANTIVIRALS

Sarkar, Aurijit 18 August 2010 (has links)
This work was aimed at developing novel tools that utilize HINT, an empirical forcefield capable of quantitating both hydrophobic and hydrophilic (hydropathic) interactions, for implementation in theoretical biology and drug discovery/design. The role of hydrophobicity in determination of macromolecular structure and formation of complexes in biological molecules is undeniable and has been the subject of research across several decades. Hydrophobicity is introduced, with a review of its history and contemporary theories. This is followed by a description of various methods that quantify this all-pervading phenomenon and their use in protein folding and contemporary drug design projects – including a detailed overview of the HINT forcefield. The specific aim of this dissertation is to introduce our attempts at developing new methods for use in the study of antibacterial drug resistance and antiviral drug discovery. Multidrug efflux is commonly regarded as a fast growing problem in the field of medicine. Several species of microbes are known to have developed resistance against almost all classes of antibiotics by various modes-of-action, which include multidrug transporters (a.k.a. efflux pumps). These proteins are present in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and extrude molecules of various classes. They protect the efflux pump-expressing bacterium from harmful effects of exogenous agents by simply evacuating the latter. Perhaps the best characterized mechanism amongst these is that of the AcrA-AcrB-TolC efflux pump. Data is available in literature and perhaps also in proprietary databases available with pharmaceutical companies, characterizing this pump in terms of the minimum inhibitory concentration ratios (MIC ratios) for various antibiotics. We procured a curated dataset of 32 β-lactam and 12 antibiotics of other classes from this literature. Initial attempts at studying the MIC ratios of β-lactam antibiotics as a function of their three dimensional topology via 3D-quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR) technology yielded seemingly good models. However, this methodology is essentially designed to address single receptor-ligand interactions. Molecules being transported by the efflux pump must undoubtedly be involved in multiple interactions with the same. Notably, such methods require a pharmacophoric overlap of ligands prior to the generation of models, thereby limiting their applicability to a set of structurally-related compounds. Thus, we designed a novel method that takes various interactions between antibiotic agents and the AcrA-AcrB-TolC pump into account in conjunction with certain properties of the drugs. This method yielded mathematical models that are capable of predicting high/low efflux with significant efficiency (>93% correct). The development of this method, along with the results from its validation, is presented herein. A parallel aim being pursued by us is to discover inhibitors for hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) by in silico screening. The basis for targeting HN is explored, along with commentary on the methodology adopted during this effort. This project yielded a moderate success rate of 34%, perhaps due to problems in the computational methodology utilized. We highlight one particular problem – that of emulating target flexibility – and explore new avenues for overcoming this obstacle in the long run. As a starting point towards enhancing the tools available to us for virtual screening in general (and for discovering antiviral compounds in specific), we explored the compatibility between sidechain rotamer libraries and the HINT scoring function. A new algorithm was designed to optimize amino acid residue sidechains, if provided with the backbone coordinates, by generating sidechain positions using the Dunbrack and Cohen backbone-dependent rotamer library and scoring them with the HINT scoring function. This rotamer library was previously used by its developers previously to design a very successful sidechain optimization algorithm called SCWRL. Output structures from our algorithm were compared with those from SCWRL and showed extraordinary similarities as well as significant differences, which are discussed herein. This successful implementation of HINT in our sidechain optimization algorithm establishes the compatibility between this forcefield and sidechain rotamer libraries. Future aims in this project include enhancement of our current algorithm and the design of a new algorithm to explore partial induced-fit in targets aimed at improving current docking methodology. This work shows significant progress towards the implementation of our hydropathic force field in theoretical modeling of biological systems in order to enhance our ability to understand atomistic details of inter- and intramolecular interactions which must form the basis for a wide variety of biological phenomena. Such efforts are key to not only to understanding the said phenomena, but also towards a solid basis for efficient drug design in the future.
39

Caracterização e determinação da atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos brutos e frações de Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. (alecrim), Origanum vulgare Linn. (orégano) e Capsicum chinense Jacq. (pimenta habanero) / Characterization and determination of antimicrobial activity of extracts and fractions of Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. (rosemary), Origanym vulgare Linn. (oregano) and Capiscum chinense Jacq. (habanero pepper)

Chaul, Luiza Toubas 27 February 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-05-21T15:04:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luiza Toubas Chaul - 2015.pdf: 1642322 bytes, checksum: e56380dae120d4058880c94d9e953832 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-05-21T15:07:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luiza Toubas Chaul - 2015.pdf: 1642322 bytes, checksum: e56380dae120d4058880c94d9e953832 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-21T15:07:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luiza Toubas Chaul - 2015.pdf: 1642322 bytes, checksum: e56380dae120d4058880c94d9e953832 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In recent years, interest in medicinal products derived from plants that exhibit antimicrobial activity has been intensified. The present study aimed to characterize drugs and herbal extracts, determine the polyphenol content, tannins, flavonoids, quantify the chosen marker and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of crude ethanolic extracts and fractions of Rosmarinus officinalis Linn., Origanum vulgare Linn. and Capsicum chinense Jack. against different microorganisms (Gram negative and Gram-positive bacteria, filamentous fungi and yeasts), pathogenic or not. The herbal drugs and extracts were obtained and physico-chemically characterized according to the Brazilian Pharmacopeia 5. Ed. The polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids contents were evaluated. A methodology to quantify rosmarinic acid from R. officinalis and O. vulgare was covalidated and a methodology to quantify capsaicin of C. chinense was validated. The fractions hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and aqueous were obtained by partition. Microdilution broth tests were performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). It was found that the material is suitable for the study according to the Pharmacopoeias and that there is adequate quality control of the drug plant. Furthermore, the methodology for quantifying rosmarinic acid in both R. officinalis and in O. vulgare and methodology to quantitate capsaicin, have been validated and it is able to produce results with acceptable accuracy and precision in relation to the specifications of FDA and ANVISA. The content of rosmarinic acid found in R. officinalis and O. vulgare were 6.55 and 2.63%, respectively. The concentration of capsaicin in C. chinense was 1.84%. Regarding antimicrobial activity, most of the tested fractions were more effective than the crude ethanolic extracts (EEB), and the fractions that showed good activity to a greater number of microorganisms were hexane fraction of O. vulgare (OFH) and dichloromethanic fraction of R. officinalis (AFD) and C. chinense (PFD). Most of the tested fractions showed better activity against Gram-positive bacteria than against Gram-negative bacteria. The rosmarinic acid showed antimicrobial activity mainly against fungi. Polar fractions of O. vulgare also showed good antifungal activity and rosmarinic acid can be considered one of the possible compounds responsible for the antimicrobial activity. Capsaicin showed moderate activity against all strains of Listeria and can be one of the components responsible for moderate inhibition of this group of bacteria. The results of this study suggest that the AFD, OFH and PFD fractions show promising potential in the search for natural alternatives for conservation and control pathogens in food. / Nos últimos anos, o interesse por produtos derivados de plantas medicinais que apresentem atividade antimicrobiana tem sido intensificado. O presente estudo buscou caracterizar drogas e extratos vegetais, determinar o teor de polifenóis, taninos, flavonoides, quantificar o marcador escolhido e avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de extratos etanólicos brutos e frações de Rosmarinus officinalis Linn., Origanum vulgare Linn., e Capsicum chinense Jack frente a diferentes micro-organismos (bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram negativas, fungos filamentosos e leveduriformes), patogênicos ou não. As drogas vegetais e os extratos foram obtidos e caracterizados físico-quimicamente de acordo com a Farmacopeia Brasileira 5. Ed. Os teores de polifenóis, taninos e flavonoides foram calculados. Covalidou-se metodologia para quantificar ácido rosmarínico em R. officinalis e O. vulgare e validou-se metodologia para quantificar a capsaicina em C. chinense. As frações hexânica, diclorometânica, acetato de etila e aquosa foram obtidas por partição a partir do extrato etanólico bruto. Foram realizados testes de microdiluição em caldo para a determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM). A metodologia para quantificar o ácido rosmarínico, tanto em R. officinalis, quanto em O. vulgare, e a metodologia para quantificar a capsaicina, foram validadas e apresentam-se aptas a gerar resultados com exatidão e precisão aceitáveis em relação as especificações do FDA e ANVISA. Os teores de ácido rosmarínico encontrados no R. officinalis e O. vulgare foram de 6,55 e 2,63%, respectivamente. O teor de capsaicina em C. chinense foi de 1,84%. Com relação à atividade antimicrobiana, a maioria das frações testadas foram mais ativas que os extratos etanólicos brutos (EEB), sendo que as frações que apresentaram boa atividade frente a um maior número de micro-organismos foram a fração hexânica de O. vulgare (OFH) e as frações diclorometânica de R. officinalis (AFD) e C. chinense (PFD). A maioria das frações testadas apresentou uma atividade inibitória melhor frente a bactérias Gram-positivas do que frente a Gram-negativas. O ácido rosmarínico apresentou boa atividade antimicrobiana principalmente frente a fungos. Frações polares de O. vulgare também apresentaram boa atividade antifúngica, podendo o ácido rosmarínico ser considerado um dos possíveis compostos responsáveis pela atividade antimicrobiana. A capsaicina apresentou atividade inibitória moderada frente a todas as cepas de Listeria e pode ser um dos componentes responsáveis pela inibição deste grupo de bactérias. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo sugerem que as frações AFD, OFH e PFD mostram potencial promissor na busca de alternativas naturais para a conservação e o controle de patógenos em alimentos.
40

Oleorresina de Copaifera spp.: caracterização, verificação da atividade antimicrobiana in vitro e avaliação preliminar de uma formulação em vacas leiteiras com mastite / Oleoresin of Copaifera spp.:characterization, verification antimicrobial activity in vitro and preliminary evaluation a formulation

Faria, Maria Juíva Marques de 07 May 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-12-22T14:31:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Maria Juíva Marques de Faria - 2014.pdf: 3781718 bytes, checksum: 5a98e4c3d48dde6e80b58427a1a73012 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-01-26T13:13:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Maria Juíva Marques de Faria - 2014.pdf: 3781718 bytes, checksum: 5a98e4c3d48dde6e80b58427a1a73012 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-26T13:13:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Maria Juíva Marques de Faria - 2014.pdf: 3781718 bytes, checksum: 5a98e4c3d48dde6e80b58427a1a73012 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-07 / Bovine mastitis is an inflammatory/infectious process of the mammary gland, its etiology is complex and multivariate. The most common mastitis has bacterial origin. Because of the high cost to treat this disease, and the bacterial resistance to antibiotics, beyond the losses due to the milk discard or the presence of drug residues in milk, studies are necessary to find out alternative methods to circumvent these problematic. The medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity have been making room in veterinary medicine with the objective to reduce the impact and the use of drugs indiscriminately, as well as maintain the integrity of the animal and control the dissemination of resistant bacterial lineage. Therefore, the aim of this work was characterize the oleoresin Copaifera spp., verify the antimicrobial activity in vitro of oleoresin and essential oil of Copaifera spp. in combating against aerobic and facultative isolated bacteria from cows’ milk with subclinical grade III mastitis diagnostic and evaluate preliminarily, in vivo, phytotherapic formulation composed of Copaifera spp. The tests for characterization of the oleoresin, confirmed its authenticity and quality, considered appropriate for use. The analyzes performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and electrospray ionization Fourier transformed íonic cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS) identified sesquiterpenes and diterpenes present in the essential oil and oleoresin of Copaifera spp., respectively. The technique of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for sesquiterpenes, especially for β-caryophyllene, can be used in quality control of essential oil and oleoresin of Copaifera spp., as well as in phytotherapic formulation using oleoresin of Copaifera spp. The oleoresin showed better antimicrobial activity than the essential oil of Copaifera spp. (ρ<0,0001) in combating the 55 isolated bacteria. The antibiogram test of the three phytotherapic formulations demonstrated that the oleoresin had antimicrobial activity against the isolated microorganisms. The preliminary evaluation, in vivo, of a phytotherapic formulation containing 20% oleoresin of copaiba was neither effective nor safe, because it intensified the inflammatory process, requiring further tests, such as cytotoxicity and irritability of the raw material plant and of the vehicle used. Key words: Bovine Mastitis. Oleoresin. Essential Oil. Copaifera spp. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration. ESI FT-ICR MS. / Mastite bovina é um processo inflamatório/infeccioso da glândula mamária, de etiologia complexa e multivariada, sendo a de origem bacteriana a mais frequente. Devido aos elevados custos dos tratamentos dessa enfermidade, resistência bacteriana aos antibióticos, além dos prejuízos inerentes ao descarte do leite ou à presença de resíduos de medicamentos no mesmo, faz-se necessário estudos que busquem métodos alternativos para contornar essa problemática. As plantas medicinais com potencial antimicrobiano vêm ganhando espaço na medicina veterinária com o objetivo de reduzir o impacto e o uso de medicamentos de forma indiscriminada, bem como manter a integridade do animal e controlar a disseminação de linhagens bacterianas resistentes. Diante disso, o objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar a oleorresina de Copaifera spp., verificar atividade antimicrobiana in vitro da oleorresina e do óleo essencial de Copaifera spp. frente às bactérias aeróbias e facultativas isoladas de leite de vacas diagnosticadas com mastite subclínica grau III e avaliar preliminarmente, in vivo, formulação fitoterápica à base de Copaifera spp. Os testes de caracterização da oleorresina de Copaifera spp. demonstraram sua autenticidade e qualidade, a qual foi considerada adequada para o uso. As análises realizadas por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG/EM) e por espectrometria de massas com ionização por electrospray de ressonância ciclotrônica de íons por transformada de Fourier (ESI FT-ICR MS) identificaram os sesquiterpenos e diterpenos presentes no óleo essencial e na oleorresina de Copaifera spp., respectivamente. A técnica Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE) para sesquiterpenos, em especial para β-cariofileno, pode ser utilizada no controle de qualidade de oleorresina e óleo essencial de Copaifera spp., bem como em formulação fitoterápica utilizando oleorresina de Copaifera spp. como matéria-prima vegetal. A oleorresina apresentou melhor atividade antimicrobiana do que o óleo essencial de Copaifera spp. (ρ<0,0001) frente às 55 bactérias isoladas. O teste de antibiograma das três formulações fitoterápicas demonstrou que a oleorresina de copaíba reproduziu a sua atividade antimicrobiana frente aos micro-organismos isolados. A avaliação preliminar, in vivo, de uma formulação fitoterápica contendo 20% oleorresina de copaíba não foi eficaz e nem segura, pois intensificou o processo inflamatório, havendo necessidade de testes futuros, como de citotoxicidade e de irritabilidade dessa matéria-prima vegetal e do veículo utilizado.

Page generated in 0.1461 seconds