The primary goal of a publicly traded company is to maximise the wealth of its shareholders. This implies that the management of the firm, as agents of the owners, has to manage the firm in such a manner as to create value from every decision taken. Value-based management (VBM) is a management strategy aimed at achieving shareholder wealth creation and is based on the effective management of a set of internal value drivers to maximise wealth creation. The primary objective of the current study is to investigate the quantification of the relationship between internal value drivers and shareholder wealth creation in the Mining sector of JSE listed companies in South Africa. In order to achieve this, the internal value drivers were identified from literature, the necessary financial data was collected and the value drivers as well as actual shareholder wealth were quantified. Revenue growth, operating profitability, capital requirements and weighted average cost of capital (WACC) were identified as the value drivers while total shareholder return (TSR) was identified as the actual shareholder wealth creator. For the purpose of the current study, WACC was excluded from the analysis. By application of linear regression, it was found that revenue growth and operating profitability have a positive, statistically significant effect of TSR. After analysing the effect size, it is however concluded that the effect is not practically significant. These findings concur with similar research in the field of VBM. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.

Entre as principais fontes de contaminação de águas superficiais e subterrâneas encontra-se o lançamento de despejos industriais e de esgoto doméstico sem tratamento e o uso de fertilizantes agrícolas. Nestas matrizes, o íon nitrato aparece como um dos poluentes que mais influencia na degradação das águas. O nitrato é extremamente estável e solúvel em meio aquoso, o que dificulta a remoção do mesmo de águas e efluentes. Uma alternativa de baixo custo e eficiente para remover este poluente consiste no processo de sorção. Além disso, ressalta-se que diversos sólidos podem ser utilizados como sorvente na remoção de poluentes. Sendo assim, os resíduos sólidos, produzidos por diferentes tipologias industriais, como por exemplo, as carboníferas, que precisam ser gerenciados de forma adequada poderiam ser uma alternativa de sólido sorvente. Durante o beneficiamento do minério, estima-se que cerca de 60 % da massa inicial adicionada ao processo seja descartada como rejeito, sendo esse, fonte de importantes impactos ao meio ambiente. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho propõe verificar a possibilidade de tratamento de águas contaminadas com o íon nitrato através do processo de sorção utilizando rejeito do beneficiamento do carvão como sólido sorvente. Para isso, foram realizados ensaios preliminares com sólido natural e com o mesmo sólido modificado quimicamente. Constatou-se que a superfície do rejeito tratada com solução de HDTMA-Br 60 mM torna o processo mais eficiente. Assim, o sólido modificado foi utilizado para a realização de ensaios de sorção visando obter as melhores condições experimentais. A influência dos seguintes parâmetros foi estudada: o pH (de 2 a 10), o tempo de contato da solução de nitrato com o sólido sorvente (de 0 a 90 minutos) e a concentração de sorvente (de 0 a 2 g/100mL da solução). Ainda, isotermas de equilíbrio foram construídas utilizando as melhores condições operacionais encontradas em três temperaturas diferentes (25, 35 e 45ºC). Os dados experimentais foram ajustados aos modelos de Freundlich, Langmuir, Sips e Redlich Peterson. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as condições que apresentaram os maiores percentuais de remoção do íon estudado foram: pH 6, 60 minutos de tempo de contato e 1 g/100 mL de sorvente. Já quando comparados os dados com os modelos das isotermas, o modelo que melhor descreve o processo foi Sips, com R2 superior a 0,99 em todas as temperaturas avaliadas. Os dados obtidos indicam que rejeito proveniente do beneficiamento de carvão é satisfatório na remoção do íon nitrato, alcançando remoção superior a 90 %. Já no efluente real estudado, houve remoção acima de 90 % do íon nitrato. Comparando os resultados com os limites estabelecidos pela Portaria 2914 de 2011 do Ministério da Saúde, que dispõe sobre os padrões de qualidade da água, o parâmetro nitrato, após tratamento de sorção proposto no presente trabalho ficou abaixo do valor máximo (10 mg L-1) que consta na Portaria. A pesquisa realizada mostra que é possível tratar águas contaminadas com nitrato utilizando um resíduo industrial proveniente de carboníferas, contribuindo para redução do impacto ambiental em diferentes dimensões. / Among the main sources of water contamination are the release of untreated industrial waste and domestic effluents and the use of agricultural fertilizers. In contaminated water, the ion nitrate appears as one of the effluents with the higher influence on water degradation. Nitrate is extremely stable and soluble in water, which hampers its removal from water and effluents. Is a low-cost and efficient alternative to remove this pollutant is the sorption process, which has been studied for the removal of several compounds. In addition, it is emphasized that various solids can be used as sorbent in the removal of pollutants. Therefore, solid wastes, produced by different industrial typologies, such as carboniferous, that need to be adequately managed could be a solid sorbent alternative. During the ore’s beneficiation, it is estimated that about 60% of the initial mass added to the process is discarded as a residue, which is source of important impacts on the environment. In this context, this work proposes to verify the possibility to treat nitrate-contaminated waters through the sorption process using the residue of coal beneficiation as solid sorbent. Preliminary tests were performed with the natural and chemically-modified solid. It was determined that the residue surface treated with the solution HDTMA-Br 60 mM increases the efficiency of the process. Thus, the modified solid was used for the performance of sorption tests aiming to obtain the best experimental conditions for sorption. The influence of the following parameters was studied: pH (from 2 to 10), contact time of the nitrate solution with the solid sorbent (from 0 to 90 minutes) and sorbent concentration (from 0 to 2 g.100mL-1 of the solution). Furthermore, equilibrium isotherms were built using the best operational conditions found in three different temperatures (25, 35 and 45°C). Experimental data were adjusted to the models of Freundlich, Langmuir, Sips and Redlich Peterson. Obtained results showed that the highest percentages of ion removal were achieved by: pH 6, contact time of 60 minutes and 1g.100mL-1 of sorbent. When comparing the data with isotherm models, Sips was the model that best describes the process, with an R² higher than 0.99 in all evaluated temperatures. The data obtained indicate that the residue from coal beneficiation is satisfactory in the removal of nitrate, reaching a removal rate of more than 90 %. In the real effluent studied, there was removal of more than 90 % of the nitrate ion. Comparing the obtained results with the Ordinance 2914 from 2011 of the Brazilian Health Ministry, , which determines the water quality standards, the nitrate parameter, after sorption treatment proposed in the present study, was below the maximum value (10 mg L -1 ) Contained in the Ordinance. The research shows that it is possible to treat water contaminated with nitrate using an industrial waste from carboniferous, contributing to reduce the environmental impact in different dimensions.

Entre as principais fontes de contaminação de águas superficiais e subterrâneas encontra-se o lançamento de despejos industriais e de esgoto doméstico sem tratamento e o uso de fertilizantes agrícolas. Nestas matrizes, o íon nitrato aparece como um dos poluentes que mais influencia na degradação das águas. O nitrato é extremamente estável e solúvel em meio aquoso, o que dificulta a remoção do mesmo de águas e efluentes. Uma alternativa de baixo custo e eficiente para remover este poluente consiste no processo de sorção. Além disso, ressalta-se que diversos sólidos podem ser utilizados como sorvente na remoção de poluentes. Sendo assim, os resíduos sólidos, produzidos por diferentes tipologias industriais, como por exemplo, as carboníferas, que precisam ser gerenciados de forma adequada poderiam ser uma alternativa de sólido sorvente. Durante o beneficiamento do minério, estima-se que cerca de 60 % da massa inicial adicionada ao processo seja descartada como rejeito, sendo esse, fonte de importantes impactos ao meio ambiente. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho propõe verificar a possibilidade de tratamento de águas contaminadas com o íon nitrato através do processo de sorção utilizando rejeito do beneficiamento do carvão como sólido sorvente. Para isso, foram realizados ensaios preliminares com sólido natural e com o mesmo sólido modificado quimicamente. Constatou-se que a superfície do rejeito tratada com solução de HDTMA-Br 60 mM torna o processo mais eficiente. Assim, o sólido modificado foi utilizado para a realização de ensaios de sorção visando obter as melhores condições experimentais. A influência dos seguintes parâmetros foi estudada: o pH (de 2 a 10), o tempo de contato da solução de nitrato com o sólido sorvente (de 0 a 90 minutos) e a concentração de sorvente (de 0 a 2 g/100mL da solução). Ainda, isotermas de equilíbrio foram construídas utilizando as melhores condições operacionais encontradas em três temperaturas diferentes (25, 35 e 45ºC). Os dados experimentais foram ajustados aos modelos de Freundlich, Langmuir, Sips e Redlich Peterson. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as condições que apresentaram os maiores percentuais de remoção do íon estudado foram: pH 6, 60 minutos de tempo de contato e 1 g/100 mL de sorvente. Já quando comparados os dados com os modelos das isotermas, o modelo que melhor descreve o processo foi Sips, com R2 superior a 0,99 em todas as temperaturas avaliadas. Os dados obtidos indicam que rejeito proveniente do beneficiamento de carvão é satisfatório na remoção do íon nitrato, alcançando remoção superior a 90 %. Já no efluente real estudado, houve remoção acima de 90 % do íon nitrato. Comparando os resultados com os limites estabelecidos pela Portaria 2914 de 2011 do Ministério da Saúde, que dispõe sobre os padrões de qualidade da água, o parâmetro nitrato, após tratamento de sorção proposto no presente trabalho ficou abaixo do valor máximo (10 mg L-1) que consta na Portaria. A pesquisa realizada mostra que é possível tratar águas contaminadas com nitrato utilizando um resíduo industrial proveniente de carboníferas, contribuindo para redução do impacto ambiental em diferentes dimensões. / Among the main sources of water contamination are the release of untreated industrial waste and domestic effluents and the use of agricultural fertilizers. In contaminated water, the ion nitrate appears as one of the effluents with the higher influence on water degradation. Nitrate is extremely stable and soluble in water, which hampers its removal from water and effluents. Is a low-cost and efficient alternative to remove this pollutant is the sorption process, which has been studied for the removal of several compounds. In addition, it is emphasized that various solids can be used as sorbent in the removal of pollutants. Therefore, solid wastes, produced by different industrial typologies, such as carboniferous, that need to be adequately managed could be a solid sorbent alternative. During the ore’s beneficiation, it is estimated that about 60% of the initial mass added to the process is discarded as a residue, which is source of important impacts on the environment. In this context, this work proposes to verify the possibility to treat nitrate-contaminated waters through the sorption process using the residue of coal beneficiation as solid sorbent. Preliminary tests were performed with the natural and chemically-modified solid. It was determined that the residue surface treated with the solution HDTMA-Br 60 mM increases the efficiency of the process. Thus, the modified solid was used for the performance of sorption tests aiming to obtain the best experimental conditions for sorption. The influence of the following parameters was studied: pH (from 2 to 10), contact time of the nitrate solution with the solid sorbent (from 0 to 90 minutes) and sorbent concentration (from 0 to 2 g.100mL-1 of the solution). Furthermore, equilibrium isotherms were built using the best operational conditions found in three different temperatures (25, 35 and 45°C). Experimental data were adjusted to the models of Freundlich, Langmuir, Sips and Redlich Peterson. Obtained results showed that the highest percentages of ion removal were achieved by: pH 6, contact time of 60 minutes and 1g.100mL-1 of sorbent. When comparing the data with isotherm models, Sips was the model that best describes the process, with an R² higher than 0.99 in all evaluated temperatures. The data obtained indicate that the residue from coal beneficiation is satisfactory in the removal of nitrate, reaching a removal rate of more than 90 %. In the real effluent studied, there was removal of more than 90 % of the nitrate ion. Comparing the obtained results with the Ordinance 2914 from 2011 of the Brazilian Health Ministry, , which determines the water quality standards, the nitrate parameter, after sorption treatment proposed in the present study, was below the maximum value (10 mg L -1 ) Contained in the Ordinance. The research shows that it is possible to treat water contaminated with nitrate using an industrial waste from carboniferous, contributing to reduce the environmental impact in different dimensions.

The diploma thesis deals with fundamental share analyss in order to propose a variant of investing in shares of selected gold mining companies. The subject is macroeconomic analysis of the environment in which selected gold mining companies operate, gold industry analysis and company analysis comprising evaluation of the development of corporate indicators and their issued shares. On the basis of these analyzes ind inter-company comparison, the most profitable options will be proposed to the management of the hedge fund.

Thesis (MBA.) --University of Limpopo, 2019 / The mining industry plays a positive strategic role in the South African economy. However, this industry is plagued by many socio-economic challenges. It continues to face an uncertain future due to, amongst other factors, the escalating overhead mining costs, labour protests and community unrests. Among these challenges, dissatisfied and disgruntled mining communities remain the most unmitigated threat to the sustainability of mining worldwide. Mining companies continue to be under immense pressure to effectively address the socio-economic needs of communities affected by their operations. The increased levels of poverty and unemployment have resulted in the relationship between host communities and mining companies being increasingly strained. Their relationship is characterised by deep resentment, suspicion and mistrust. The tension stems from the fact that despite mining companies being present and operating in their areas, host communities are not benefiting meaningfully from the mining activities. The study seeks to examine host communities’ perceptions about mining companies operating within Govan Mbeki Local Municipality, Mpumalanga Province. The study employed the qualitative research method and endeavoured to obtain first hand evidence or lived experiences narrated by host communities. The researcher used purposive sampling to choose the respondents who were deemed to possess intimate knowledge and the history of the state of relations between host communities and mining companies operating within Govan Mbeki municipal area. This paper reports the findings of a study undertaken to assess the socioeconomic impact of mining activities and the communities’ perceptions on these activities within Govan Mbeki Local Municipality, Mpumalanga Province. Mining companies are perceived as the main contributors to social, environmental, health and infrastructure destruction. In addition to sampling community perceptions on mining activities, the study prescribes interventions that can assist in mitigating the negative perceptions of mining companies

Thesis (MBA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / The mining industry plays a positive strategic role in the South African economy. However, this industry is plagued by many socio-economic challenges. It continues to face an uncertain future due to, amongst other factors, the escalating overhead mining costs, labour protests and community unrests. Among these challenges, dissatisfied and disgruntled mining communities remain the most unmitigated threat to the sustainability of mining worldwide. Mining companies continue to be under immense pressure to effectively address the socio-economic needs of communities affected by their operations. The increased levels of poverty and unemployment have resulted in the relationship between host communities and mining companies being increasingly strained. Their relationship is characterised by deep resentment, suspicion and mistrust. The tension stems from the fact that despite mining companies being present and operating in their areas, host communities are not benefiting meaningfully from the mining activities. The study seeks to examine host communities’ perceptions about mining companies operating within Govan Mbeki Local Municipality, Mpumalanga Province. The study employed the qualitative research method and endeavoured to obtain first hand evidence or lived experiences narrated by host communities. The researcher used purposive sampling to choose the respondents who were deemed to possess intimate knowledge and the history of the state of relations between host communities and mining companies operating within Govan Mbeki municipal area. This paper reports the findings of a study undertaken to assess the socioeconomic impact of mining activities and the communities’ perceptions on these activities within Govan Mbeki Local Municipality, Mpumalanga Province. Mining companies are perceived as the main contributors to social, environmental, health and infrastructure destruction. In addition to sampling community perceptions on mining activities, the study prescribes interventions that can assist in mitigating the negative perceptions of mining companies

Thesis (M.Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2011 / The mining sector in South Africa has enjoyed decades of profiteering and unchecked neglect of developmental needs of surrounding communities. Most of the communities surrounding South African mines are therefore synonymous with social problems that include poverty, poor health, unemployment, adult illiteracy, poor housing, family disorganization and high influx of unaccompanied migrant labour. On the contrary, mining is presented as the paradigm of wealth in particular when dealing with gold and diamond mining, while its marketing conceals its terrible social and environmental consequences. However mining is responsible for such impacts and many others. This study looks at the socio-economic impact of mining on community development in Greater Tubatse Municipal area located in Limpopo Province, South Africa. From the interviews conducted and questionnaires administered to sampled community members and workers of the platinum mine in Greater Tubatse Municipality, it emerged that the existence of mining companies in the area has done little to uplift the lives of the people in terms of socioeconomic development. The study makes recommendations on how the situation can be improved so that the population living in the area can benefit from the work carried out by mining companies.

<p>A major issue that has been a subject for quite some time is whether there will be a scarcity of metals in the bedrock in the future and whether or not we might end up with a problem similar to that of the big oil crisis in the mid-seventies. Following the oil crisis many oil companies started up with risk management to control future risks. This work presents how Swedish mining companies work with risk management to handle risks that might come up in the future due to metal scarceness. How Swedish mining companies look at the possible metal scarceness and if they use risk management in their decision-making process is studied. By doing interviews with Swedish owned mining companies it was found that the mining companies did not see the future metal scarcity as a risk, even though 2/3 of the companies acknowledged the scarceness to be a reality. Nor did they use risk management for that specific issue. However, risk management in other issues related to metal scarcity was found, and by using different financial risk analyses the companies could look at probabilities and consequences of different risks. With these findings in mind the suggestion for mining companies is not to put effort, money and resources into metal scarcity risk management since it cannot be controlled, but instead put effort, money and resources into finding substitutes for metals and recycling the metals already in rotation.</p>

A major issue that has been a subject for quite some time is whether there will be a scarcity of metals in the bedrock in the future and whether or not we might end up with a problem similar to that of the big oil crisis in the mid-seventies. Following the oil crisis many oil companies started up with risk management to control future risks. This work presents how Swedish mining companies work with risk management to handle risks that might come up in the future due to metal scarceness. How Swedish mining companies look at the possible metal scarceness and if they use risk management in their decision-making process is studied. By doing interviews with Swedish owned mining companies it was found that the mining companies did not see the future metal scarcity as a risk, even though 2/3 of the companies acknowledged the scarceness to be a reality. Nor did they use risk management for that specific issue. However, risk management in other issues related to metal scarcity was found, and by using different financial risk analyses the companies could look at probabilities and consequences of different risks. With these findings in mind the suggestion for mining companies is not to put effort, money and resources into metal scarcity risk management since it cannot be controlled, but instead put effort, money and resources into finding substitutes for metals and recycling the metals already in rotation.

Organisations play a major and increasingly important role in the lives of us all, especially with the growth of large-scale business and the divorce of ownership from management. The decisions and actions of management in organisations have an increasing impact on individuals, other organisations and the community. The power and influence which many business now exercise should be tempered, therefore, by an attitude of responsibility by management. The importance of the exercise of social responsibility can no longer be based on the assumption that the self-interest of the owner of the property will lead to the public good, or that self-interest and public good can be kept apart and considered to have nothing to do with each other. On the contrary, it requires of the manager that he assume responsibility for the public good, that he subordinate his actions to an ethical standard of conduct, and that he restrain his self-interest and his authority wherever their exercise would infringe upon the common weal and upon the freedom of the individual. South Africa is one of the countries with the fastest growing incidents of HIV/AIDS in the world. More people are living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa than in any other country in the world. Just in the past decade, the life expectancy in South Africa has dropped from 67 to 43 years. The social and economic impact of the disease is hard to overstate. HIV/AIDS affect companies through its impact on costs, on productivity, and on the demand for products. Competitiveness can be directly and adversely affected as companies are obliged to increase worker-related expenses for health benefits or insurance that are utilised more as result of the epidemic. Even without monetary outlays, the economic costs can be substantial. Absenteeism rises both directly, as workers begin to show HIV/AIDS symptoms and require more sick leave, and indirectly, as HIV/AIDS deaths increase and co-workers take leave to attend increasingly frequent funerals. In the medium term, company productivity will be hit, as the death of so many workers means that companies must constantly hire replacements, which raises training costs and lowers the average work experience - and hence productivity - of the labour force. The objective of this study is to determine the social responsibility of the South African mining companies dealing with HIV/AIDS employees and included the following aims: To develop a comprehensive HIV/AIDS intervention strategy to manage HIV/AIDS at the workplace. To guide the employer in implementing the anti-HIV/AIDS programme in the workplace. To support the employer in addressing the HIV/AIDS-related health, living, safety and working conditions of employees. The most important conclusions that could be drawn from this study are: Resistance to change is found even when the goals of change are highly desirable. The change process involves learning something new, as well as discontinuing current attitudes, behaviours, or organisational practices. The recognition of the importance of the social responsibility can be gauged in part by the extent of government action and legislation on such matters as, for example, employment protection, equal opportunities, companies acts, consumer law, product liability, health, and safeguarding the environment. More information is needed on the social, political, and economical costs of HIV/AIDS epidemic. Many managers fear that if information about HIV prevalence, and programmes are made public, their company's image will suffer. The impact of HIV/AIDS on the workforce especially on productivity, absenteeism, health, safety, working conditions and intervention programmes. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Industrial Sociology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.