Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / Aim To analyze the demographic profile, clinical data and radiographs of patients who had third molar surgery under general anaesthesia at the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of the Western Cape over a 10 year period. Introduction Minor oral surgical procedures are carried out by Maxillofacial and Oral Surgeons daily. The surgical removal of third molars is a large part of Minor Oral Surgery which is common throughout the world. The general impression of third molar surgery performed by experienced professionals is the ease of the operation, however no-matter how experienced one may be, a simple procedure should never be underestimated (Carvalho and Do Egito Vasconselos, 2011). New surgical techniques, as well as extensive training, skill and experience have led to the evolution of oral surgery and allowed this procedure to be carried out in a less traumatic manner. Certain factors precipitate third molar surgery to be performed in theatre as opposed to the dental clinic setting. These factors will be discussed in this research report.

Violent Disruptions contends that the works of Richard Wright and William Faulkner are mirror images of each other and that each illustrates American race relations in distinctly powerful and prescient ways. While Faulkner portrays race and American identity through sex and its relationship to the imagination, Wright reveals a violent undercurrent beneath interracial encounters that the shared imagination triggers. Violent Disruptions argues that the spectacle of the interracial body anchors the cultural imaginations of our collective society and, as it embodies and symbolizes American slavery, drives the violent acts of individuals. Interracial productions motivate the narratives of Richard Wright and William Faulkner through a system of displacement of signs. Though these tropes maintain their currency today, they are borne out of cultural imaginings over two hundred years old. Working within the framework of the imaginary, Violent Disruptions places these now historical texts into the twenty-first century's discourse of race and American identity. / African and African American Studies

The central objective of this project is to chart the relationship between early-modern notions of race that developed in the Iberian-Atlantic world and systems of colonial racialization that emerged in the Americas in relation to mestizaje. By analyzing three case-studies from Latin American's early-colonial period, I show that as anxieties about racial mixture got intertwined with the Iberian notion of purity of blood, spatial segregation and the curtailment of interracial sex became two of the main issues around which early-colonial discourses on mestizaje were articulated. In chapter one, I justify the use of the term race for analyzing this period by drawing from current scholarship whose aim is to historicize this notion as a means to better theorize it. Moreover, I explain the specific elements that inform the theory of race that I develop throughout this project, including Bernasconi's formulation of race as a border concept, JanMohamed's notion of racialized sexuality, and Foucault's account of how biopower can help us theorize the interconnections between race and reproductive sex. In the second chapter, I examine Vasco de Quiroga's decisive influence in the formation of the Dual Republic model of spatial segregation in Mexico, and I show how the racialization of space during this period led to a dualistic conception of society that by definition left no place for the liminal figure of the mestizo. In chapter three, I examine a policy adapted by the Portuguese Crown during the sixteenth century whereby white Portuguese women were taken to Brazil in an effort to reduce interracial sex and miscegenation. Lastly, in chapter four I analyze Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala's abject characterization of mestizos in Peru, and I demonstrate that two of the key issues around which he organized his demand for colonial reforms were spatial segregation and the curtailment of interracial sex. By examining these three cases-studies comparatively, and further incorporating a transatlantic perspective that situates them within broader developments that were taking place during the early-modern period, I emphasize the importance that the study of colonial Latin America has for current efforts to historicize the notion of race.

After hundreds of years of contact, the relationships between the people of Native Nations and the Canadian Nation are still filled with turmoil. This is common knowledge. What isn't well known, are the personal consequences for children who have Native and non-Native ancestors. This thesis is written with the assistance of eight people of mixed ancestry, who share their experiences, ideas, strategies and dreams, to help others who are dealing with similar issues. This thesis has been organized around the dominant themes and commonalities that have emerged out of eight interviews, into four sections: CONTEXT, CHALLENGES, STRATEGIES & GIFTS. The context that mixed ancestry individuals are born into is complex. Euro-Canadian designs on Native lands and resources resulted in policies that had, and continue to have, a devastating effect on Native people. Legal manipulations of Native identity, in particular, have resulted in the emergence of hierarchies of belonging. Such hierarchies are maintained by enduring stereotypes of "Indianness" and "Whiteness". For some mixed ancestry individuals, negotiating the polarized hierarchies of Native and Canadian societies can result in feelings of being split, and the need to harmonize aspects of the self, with varying social environments. Various strategies are used to deal with such issues, internally and externally. Ultimately, through choices, strategies and transformations, it is possible to transcend the challenges of mixed ancestry, and to lead more fulfilling lives. My hope is that this thesis will be of assistance to people of mixed ancestry and to those trying to understand the complexities of Native- Canadian relations, at least to the point of inspiring more discussions and research.

SILVA, Joelma Tito da. Nina Rodrigues: os náufragos do tempo e a esfinge do futuro. 2015. 332f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em História Social, Fortaleza (CE), 2015. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-30T16:36:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_jtsilva.pdf: 2219935 bytes, checksum: 1a763da46d55ad7a5f790d85e825ce5f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-01T12:08:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_jtsilva.pdf: 2219935 bytes, checksum: 1a763da46d55ad7a5f790d85e825ce5f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-01T12:08:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_jtsilva.pdf: 2219935 bytes, checksum: 1a763da46d55ad7a5f790d85e825ce5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Esta tese versa sobre o tempo e Nina Rodrigues, aparece como possibilidade de entendermos as muitas camadas temporais que se entrecruzam e se separam na barafunda de experiências sobre o presente, passado e futuro. Não se trata de realizar uma reflexão sobre o pretérito ou os contextos, mas de um esforço que busca entender como o tempo foi mobilizado de diversas maneiras, primeiro, nas construções de um médico-cientista obcecado pelo futuro no embate com a duração lenta atribuída ao Outro, para o qual o presente aparece como lugar da ação, possibilidade de uma missão associada à razão. Esta experiência foi associada pelos seus leitores ao pessimismo, uma categoria temporal que nos remete ao desencantamento produzido pela certeza de que o vir-à-ser estaria marcado pela decadência motivada pela mestiçagem. O desencantamento nos aparece como um lado desta experiência com o tempo, encantada com as possibilidades advindas da racionalidade, da ciência e seus objetos, dos seus ritmos e rituais, dos prognósticos que a racionalidade poderia produzir. E assim, Nina Rodrigues lança-se a promover a ideia de sua própria originalidade, tal como lobo solitário a produzir conhecimento científico em um ambiente classificado, por ele, como refratário às verdades produzidas pela ciência. A construção desta ideia o colocava em ação no presente. Optamos, portanto, pela metáfora do náufrago do tempo para pensarmos a mediação entre o desencantamento e a esperança. Entendemos, pois, que ao lançar-se para o futuro, a degenerescência e sua esfinge estavam no horizonte ao lado das promessas da ciência moderna. Em segundo lugar objetivamos analisar como as leituras sobre Nina Rodrigues o localizaram em um tempo do legado e da distância a partir de atividades editoriais e comemorativas que exumaram seu corpo escrito muitas vezes, a elaborar memórias acerca da produção do conhecimento antropológico sobre o negro não apenas nos anos de 1930, mas durante todo o século XX. No escopo desta análise sobre as danações do tempo fizemos usos particulares de teorias que, à primeira vista, se separam, tais como os estudos sobre a experiência temporal moderna em Reinhart Koselleck e a reabilitação do anacronismo no trabalho do historiador proposta por Jacques Rancière. Porém, o problema do tempo como experiência subjaz as propostas de ambos os autores e possibilita um emprego singular de pensamentos tão distintos.

A tese tem por objetivo primordial observar a construção identitária de mestiças fidalgas nos romances Wide Sargasso Sea (1966), de Jean Rhys, True Women (1993), de Janice Windle, e Rosaura: a enjeitada (1883), de Bernardo Guimarães, considerando três fatores distintos: o multiculturalismo e a interracialização no século XIX; a tentativa de as protagonistas se passarem como caucasianas perante elites locais; a reprimida identificação das mestiças escravocratas com classes menos abastadas. Observam-se os pontos de convergência e divergência entre as obras estudadas, uma vez que o autor brasileiro discute a identidade como fator hereditário e nacional, enquanto as demais autoras a interpretam como construto cultural subjetivo. De modo geral, a pesquisa demonstra como estes autores resistem ao cientificismo que vislumbra o mestiço como ser degenerado, metabólica e ontologicamente desequilibrado, procurando advogar-lhe a imagem de modo distinto. Visto que Wide Sargasso Sea e True Women são releituras de obras oitocentistas, o trabalho também contempla relações intertextuais em dois vetores: o primeiro, voltado para relação entre hipertexto e hipotexto, e o segundo, voltado para a eventual relação entre Guimarães e as obras relidas por Rhys e Windle / At first hand, this thesis aims at observing the identitary construction of landowning multiracial women in Jean Rhyss Wide Sargasso Sea (1966), Janice Windles True Women (1993) and Bernardo Guimarãess Rosaura: a enjeitada (1883), considering three distinct aspects: the emphasis on Multiculturalism in novels concerning interracialization in the 19th century; the protagonists attempt to pass as Caucasians before local elites and their repressed identification with the culture from lower classes. In this realm, I highlight interceptive and disjointing points between Bernardo Guimarães and the other authors, once the former discusses identity as a hereditary and national factor, and the latter ones interpret it as a free-willing and cultural construct. On the whole, this research shows how these three authors resist an 18th and 19th-century scientific discursive formation which envisaged the mestizo as a degenerated creature, with metabolic and ontological unbalance, and how they strive to advocate the image of the miscegenated on the world very idiosyncratically. Considering that Wide Sargasso Sea and True Women are rereadings of 19th century novels, the thesis also encompasses intertextuality in two different manners: on the one hand, it focuses on the intrinsic relations between the hypertext and the hypotext; on the other hand, it points out the likely relation between Guimarães and the authors Rhys and Windle revisit

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Esta tese versa sobre o tempo e Nina Rodrigues, aparece como possibilidade de entendermos as muitas camadas temporais que se entrecruzam e se separam na barafunda de experiÃncias sobre o presente, passado e futuro. NÃo se trata de realizar uma reflexÃo sobre o pretÃrito ou os contextos, mas de um esforÃo que busca entender como o tempo foi mobilizado de diversas maneiras, primeiro, nas construÃÃes de um mÃdico-cientista obcecado pelo futuro no embate com a duraÃÃo lenta atribuÃda ao Outro, para o qual o presente aparece como lugar da aÃÃo, possibilidade de uma missÃo associada à razÃo. Esta experiÃncia foi associada pelos seus leitores ao pessimismo, uma categoria temporal que nos remete ao desencantamento produzido pela certeza de que o vir-Ã-ser estaria marcado pela decadÃncia motivada pela mestiÃagem. O desencantamento nos aparece como um lado desta experiÃncia com o tempo, encantada com as possibilidades advindas da racionalidade, da ciÃncia e seus objetos, dos seus ritmos e rituais, dos prognÃsticos que a racionalidade poderia produzir. E assim, Nina Rodrigues lanÃa-se a promover a ideia de sua prÃpria originalidade, tal como lobo solitÃrio a produzir conhecimento cientÃfico em um ambiente classificado, por ele, como refratÃrio Ãs verdades produzidas pela ciÃncia. A construÃÃo desta ideia o colocava em aÃÃo no presente. Optamos, portanto, pela metÃfora do nÃufrago do tempo para pensarmos a mediaÃÃo entre o desencantamento e a esperanÃa. Entendemos, pois, que ao lanÃar-se para o futuro, a degenerescÃncia e sua esfinge estavam no horizonte ao lado das promessas da ciÃncia moderna. Em segundo lugar objetivamos analisar como as leituras sobre Nina Rodrigues o localizaram em um tempo do legado e da distÃncia a partir de atividades editoriais e comemorativas que exumaram seu corpo escrito muitas vezes, a elaborar memÃrias acerca da produÃÃo do conhecimento antropolÃgico sobre o negro nÃo apenas nos anos de 1930, mas durante todo o sÃculo XX. No escopo desta anÃlise sobre as danaÃÃes do tempo fizemos usos particulares de teorias que, à primeira vista, se separam, tais como os estudos sobre a experiÃncia temporal moderna em Reinhart Koselleck e a reabilitaÃÃo do anacronismo no trabalho do historiador proposta por Jacques RanciÃre. PorÃm, o problema do tempo como experiÃncia subjaz as propostas de ambos os autores e possibilita um emprego singular de pensamentos tÃo distintos.

After hundreds of years of contact, the relationships between the people of Native Nations and the Canadian Nation are still filled with turmoil. This is common knowledge. What isn't well known, are the personal consequences for children who have Native and non-Native ancestors. This thesis is written with the assistance of eight people of mixed ancestry, who share their experiences, ideas, strategies and dreams, to help others who are dealing with similar issues. This thesis has been organized around the dominant themes and commonalities that have emerged out of eight interviews, into four sections: CONTEXT, CHALLENGES, STRATEGIES & GIFTS. The context that mixed ancestry individuals are born into is complex. Euro-Canadian designs on Native lands and resources resulted in policies that had, and continue to have, a devastating effect on Native people. Legal manipulations of Native identity, in particular, have resulted in the emergence of hierarchies of belonging. Such hierarchies are maintained by enduring stereotypes of "Indianness" and "Whiteness". For some mixed ancestry individuals, negotiating the polarized hierarchies of Native and Canadian societies can result in feelings of being split, and the need to harmonize aspects of the self, with varying social environments. Various strategies are used to deal with such issues, internally and externally. Ultimately, through choices, strategies and transformations, it is possible to transcend the challenges of mixed ancestry, and to lead more fulfilling lives. My hope is that this thesis will be of assistance to people of mixed ancestry and to those trying to understand the complexities of Native- Canadian relations, at least to the point of inspiring more discussions and research. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

[pt] A pesquisa buscou refletir sobre as repercussões históricas da Iógica do branqueamento enquanto política, contextualizando-a no cenário brasileiro e entendendo seus desdobramentos. O caminho da presente pesquisa segue uma lógica histórica, debatendo a partir da literatura revisada dos campos da psicologia nas suas vertentes relacionadas ao racismo, branqueamento miscigenação e colorismo. Como meta esperada, esperamos expandir o entendimento teórico dos conceitos de branqueamento, tendo em vista que este, enquanto faceta do racismo, influencia no desenvolvimento dos processos de subjetivação. / [en] The research sought to reflect on the historical repercussions of the whitening logic as a policy, contextualizin it in the Brazilian scenario and understanding its consequences. The path of this research follows a historical logic, debating from the revised literature of the fiel ds of psychology in its aspects related to racism, whitening, miscegenation and colorism. As an expected goal, we hope to expand the theoretical understanding of the concepts of whitening, considering that this, as a facet of racism, influences the development of subjectivation processes.

Bibliography: pages 208-228. / The thesis is concerned with the nature of the interaction between church and state, and more generally between politics and religion, in the matter of so-called mixed marriages, and more particularly the debate surrounding the South African Mixed Marriages Act of 1949. The methodology of the study is interdisciplinary, dealing in detail with historical material as a basis for theological reflection and analysis. In the first chapter, marriage is dealt with generally from a theological viewpoint. Various approaches to marriage are considered, such as those in African society, the Bible, and in the Catholic and Reformation traditions. In contrast with the fertility-lineage, group-oriented ethic detected in the early part of the Old Testament and in many preliterate and patriarchal societies, a personalist and essentially 'sacramental' model of marriage is developed on the basis of New Testament teaching and later Christian theological reflection. The effects of a fertility-lineage and group-oriented ethic of marriage in South Africa are demonstrated in chapter two, which deals with the drive for anti-miscegenation laws in that country, with special reference to the role of the Afrikaans Reformed churches in this regard. The third chapter takes up this historical material, examining the nature of the initial debate on the Mixed Marriages Act in 1949-1950 and the aims of the Nationalist Government in introducing this legislation. The contrasting responses to the Act on the part of the Afrikaans Reformed churches and the more 'liberal', non-racial, mainly English-speaking churches are also considered here. In the fourth chapter the developments in the debate surrounding the Act since 1949 are discussed, with special reference to key points in the changing attitudes of the churches (especially the Afrikaans Reformed churches) to this legislation. This provides the background to the heated debate since the mid-seventies, when the Government began to show apparent signs of favouring a reformulation of apartheid which purportedly aimed at eliminating the most obviously racially biased aspects of that policy. The final chapter examines the theological assumptions of Afrikaans Reformed thought, and attempts to show how its roots in a particular view of Calvinism, Kuyperian Neo-Calvinism and the Bible result in the kind of fertility-lineage ethic which makes support for the Act possible. An effort is made to show the theological inadequacies of this thought from a Christian perspective, and to suggest an alternative, more dynamic theology, which recognizes the importance of individual choice and human rights. The impediments to such a fundamental reorientation are recognised, however, and it is argued that any major changes in position on the miscegenation laws on the part of either reformist government politicians or the Afrikaans Reformed churches in the near future will face major resistance.