Software development processes incorporate a variety of different artifacts (e.g., source code, models, and documentation). For multiple reasons the data that is contained in these artifacts does expose some degree of redundancy. Ensuring global consistency across artifacts during all stages in the development of software systems is required, because inconsistent artifacts can yield to failures. Ensuring consistency can be either achieved by reducing the amount of redundancy or by synchronizing the information that is shared across multiple artifacts. The discipline of software engineering that addresses these problems is called Round-Trip Engineering (RTE). In this thesis we present a conceptual framework for the design RTE systems. This framework delivers precise definitions for essential terms in the context of RTE and a process that can be used to address new RTE applications. The main idea of the framework is to partition models into parts that require synchronization - skeletons - and parts that do not - clothings. Once such a partitioning is obtained, the relations between the elements of the skeletons determine whether a deterministic RTE system can be built. If not, manual decisions may be required by developers. Based on this conceptual framework, two concrete approaches to RTE are presented. The first one - Backpropagation-based RTE - employs change translation, traceability and synchronization fitness functions to allow for synchronization of artifacts that are connected by non-injective transformations. The second approach - Role-based Tool Integration - provides means to avoid redundancy. To do so, a novel tool design method that relies on role modeling is presented. Tool integration is then performed by the creation of role bindings between role models. In addition to the two concrete approaches to RTE, which form the main contributions of the thesis, we investigate the creation of bridges between technical spaces. We consider these bridges as an essential prerequisite for performing logical synchronization between artifacts. Also, the feasibility of semantic web technologies is a subject of the thesis, because the specification of synchronization rules was identified as a blocking factor during our problem analysis. The thesis is complemented by an evaluation of all presented RTE approaches in different scenarios. Based on this evaluation, the strengths and weaknesses of the approaches are identified. Also, the practical feasibility of our approaches is confirmed w.r.t. the presented RTE applications.

Statische Codemetriken sind wichtige Indikatoren für die Qualität eines Softwaresystems. Sie beleuchten dabei unterschiedliche Aspekte eines Softwaresystems. Deshalb ist es notwendig, mehrere Codemetriken zu nutzen, um die Qualität eines Softwaresystems in seiner Gesamtheit bewerten zu können. Wünschenswert wäre zudem eine Darstellung, die die Struktur des Gesamtsystems und die Bewertung einzelner Elemente eines Softwaresystems in einer Darstellung kombiniert. Die Arbeit untersucht deshalb, welche Metaphern geeignet sind, um eine solche Darstellung zu ermöglichen. Ein zweites Ziel der Arbeit war es, eine solche Visualisierung automatisch erzeugen zu können. Dafür wurde ein Generator entwickelt, der diese Anforderung erfüllt. Zur Konzeption dieses Generators kamen Techniken aus der generativen Softwareentwicklung zum Einsatz. Bei der Umsetzung des Generators wurde auf Techniken aus der modellgetriebenen Softwareentwicklung zurückgegriffen, vor allem auf Techniken aus dem openArchitectureWare-Framework. Der Generator kann in Eclipse eingebunden werden und ist in der Lage, aus einem Java-Projekt die Struktur und die Metrikwerte automatisch zu extrahieren. Diese Werte werden daraufhin in ein dreidimensionales Modell überführt, das auf dem offenen Extensible 3D Standard basiert. Der Generator ermöglichte zudem die Evaluierung zweier unterschiedlicher Metaphern, die im Rahmen der Arbeit durchgeführt wurde.

風險管理已成為銀行重視的重要議題，而要做好風險管理，快速且正確地提供必要的資訊給管理者是必備的能力，而銀行的資訊系統架構龐大，重要的資訊散佈不同的資訊系統，但不同的資訊系統常無法整合以提供資訊，造成風險管理相關資訊取得不易或不符合時效性的要求。 本研究是從源頭的資料分析開始，領域則是限定於衍生性匯率金融產品，目的在於找出該領域商業概念中重要的性質，套用模型驅動架構的概念，利用IBM之資訊框架對商業概念進行分析整理，建立在該領域的本體論，並發展資料存取層之儲存綱要(schema)，本體論具備擴充性高及不易變動的穩定特色，可解決因使用者需求導致資訊系統架構變動頻繁的問題，最後再依循EJB架構開發商業概念之Entity Bean元件，完成從知識蒐集、知識分析到知識實現的整個知識管理過程。 / Risk management has become a critical issue that banks value much. To bring out great risk management, being able to provide managers with rapid, correct and essential information is the basic capability of all banks. However, due to the immense information architecture in which important information spreads over those information systems, the integration among different information systems become so unrealizable that managers usually receive insufficient or ineffective information. This study starts from the data analysis of the origins, and the study field is restricted to derivatives. The purpose of this study is to: 1. find out the key elements of the business concept within such research field; 2. by using IBM Information Framework, apply the concept of Model Driven Architecture to analyze the business concept. 3. via the Entity Bean of the EJB architecture, fulfill and accomplish the whole knowledge management processes, from knowledge collecting, knowledge analyzing to knowledge realization.

The purpose of business-IT alignment is to optimise the relation between business and IT in order to maximise the business value of IT. Successful business-IT alignment can be enabled by business processes and e-processes functioning as adaptive mediators between business and IT systems. Business processes are the ways actors work in enterprises and collaborate in value networks, while e-processes support a flexible flow of information between IT systems and business processes. The overall goal of this thesis is to propose methods for business process and e-process design and evaluation for achieving alignment between enterprise goals and IT systems. The methods are based on model-driven approaches, using enterprise and software models. More precisely, the proposed methods can be used for designing models of business processes supporting the fulfilment of enterprise goals in the setting of a value network; for designing models of generic and reusable business processes that support the fulfilment of enterprise goals; for designing models of e-processes that support a flexible alignment of IT systems with business processes; and for evaluating the extent to which business processes are aligned with enterprise goals and IT systems. The result of the thesis can be used to support business and system designers with practical knowledge on how to align business and IT systems in order to create efficient, high-quality, flexible and innovative organisations. The research presented in this thesis has been carried out following the design science paradigm. This paradigm is characterised by the creation of new and innovative artefacts for solving general problems, and the evaluation of their benefits and drawbacks.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:47:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TaniroCR_DISSERT.pdf: 2000139 bytes, checksum: 735cb695e5e427f975c5c2630eff3731 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Research on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has evolved, with potential applications in several domains. However, the building of WSN applications is hampered by the need of programming in low-level abstractions provided by sensor OS and of specific knowledge about each application domain and each sensor platform. We propose a MDA approach do develop WSN applications. This approach allows domain experts to directly contribute in the developing of applications without needing low level knowledge on WSN platforms and, at the same time, it allows network experts to program WSN nodes to met application requirements without specific knowledge on the application domain. Our approach also promotes the reuse of the developed software artifacts, allowing an application model to be reused across different sensor platforms and a platform model to be reused for different applications / A pesquisa sobre Redes de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSF) evoluiu bastante ao longo dos ?ltimos anos com aplica??es potenciais em diversos dom?nios. No entanto, o desenvolvimento de aplica??es de RSSF ? uma tarefa complexa, dentre outros fatores, pela necessidade da programa??o no (baixo) n?vel de abstra??o provido pelo sistema operacional dos sensores e de conhecimentos espec?ficos, tanto dos diferentes dom?nios de aplica??es quanto das diferentes plataformas de sensores existentes. Neste trabalho, ? proposta uma abordagem MDA para o desenvolvimento de aplica??es de RSSF, que visa facilitar a tarefa dos desenvolvedores. Esta abordagem permite a contribui??o direta dos especialistas em dom?nio no desenvolvimento de aplica??es de RSSF sem precisar de conhecimento espec?fico de programa??o em plataformas de RSSF e, ao mesmo tempo permite que especialistas em rede programem sensores aderentes aos requisitos da aplica??o sem a necessidade de conhecimento espec?fico do dom?nio da aplica??o. A abordagem proposta tamb?m promove a reutiliza??o de artefatos de software desenvolvidos, permitindo um modelo de aplica??o ser reutilizado em diferentes plataformas de sensores e que o modelo possa ser reutilizado em diferentes aplica??es

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:48:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GeorgeHCD_DISSERT.pdf: 1498112 bytes, checksum: 47b708a57a0944475a3489af84029df2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-06 / The academic community and software industry have shown, in recent years, substantial interest in approaches and technologies related to the area of model-driven development (MDD). At the same time, continues the relentless pursuit of industry for technologies to raise productivity and quality in the development of software products. This work aims to explore those two statements, through an experiment carried by using MDD technology and evaluation of its use on solving an actual problem under the security context of enterprise systems. By building and using a tool, a visual DSL denominated CALV3, inspired by the software factory approach: a synergy between software product line, domainspecific languages and MDD, we evaluate the gains in abstraction and productivity through a systematic case study conducted in a development team. The results and lessons learned from the evaluation of this tool within industry are the main contributions of this work / A comunidade acad?mica e a ind?stria de software t?m demonstrado, nos ?ltimos anos, bastante interesse em abordagens e tecnologias ligadas ? ?rea de desenvolvimento dirigido por modelos (MDD). Em paralelo a isto, continua a busca incessante da ind?stria por tecnologias que aumentem a produtividade e qualidade no desenvolvimento de produtos de software. Esta pesquisa visa explorar estas duas afirma??es, atrav?s de um trabalho que usa uma tecnologia MDD e avalia seu uso na resolu??o de um problema real no contexto de seguran?a de sistemas corporativos. Com a constru??o e uso de uma ferramenta, uma DSL visual denominada CALV3, inspirada na abordagem de F?bricas de Software: uma sinergia entre linha de produto de software, linguagens espec?ficas de dom?nio e MDD, avaliamos os ganhos em abstra??o e produtividade, atrav?s de um estudo de caso sistem?tico conduzido em uma equipe de desenvolvimento. Os resultados e li??es aprendidas com a avalia??o desta ferramenta no ?mbito industrial s?o uma das principais contribui??es deste trabalho

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-02T14:02:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SEBASTIÃO ESTEFÂNIO PINTO RABELO JÚNIOR - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCC 2011..pdf: 13091249 bytes, checksum: 1cb0178385eb3bd7c5eb2d8c16dd72ac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-02T14:02:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SEBASTIÃO ESTEFÂNIO PINTO RABELO JÚNIOR - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCC 2011..pdf: 13091249 bytes, checksum: 1cb0178385eb3bd7c5eb2d8c16dd72ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-11 / Capes / Atualmente, quando se fala em UML, temos os diagramas de sequência como o mais popular entre os diagramas usados para descrever aspectos comportamentais de um software. Por outro lado, temos Java como uma das linguagens orientadas a objetos mais usada no mundo. Entretanto, não encontramos em nossas pesquisas um meio sistêmico para a verificação automática de conformidade entre modelos comportamentais e o código desenvolvido para atender esse modelo. Nesta dissertação, nós desenvolvemos uma abordagem capaz de verificar- esse tipo de conformidade. O uso dessa abordagem permitirá ajudai- desenvolvedores, analistas, e gerentes de projeto a manter a documentação do software atualizada, além de possibilitar a existência de um novo ponto de vista a respeito de defeitos na implementação de um sistema. Para dar suporte a essa verificação de conformidade nós desenvolvemos uma ferramenta baseada em Model Driven Architecture (MDA) capaz de gerar os testes de conformidade aqui apresentados. Além disso, esta dissertação traz uma avaliação da abordagem desenvolvida, a qual apresenta os principais resultados obtidos. / Currently, sequence diagrams are the most popular UML diagrams used to describe behavioral aspects of software systems. On the other hand, Java as one of the most popular object-oriented language used in lhe world. Despite that. there is no systematic approach to support verification between the behavioral design and the implemented source code. In this work, we propose an approach to verify this conformity. The use of this approach vvill help developers, architects, and engineers to maintain the software documentation updated. Its usage allows that the development team and managers to detect behavioral design implementation defects. We also present the tool support built for our approach using Model Driven Architecture (MDA) and a preliminary evaluation about this work.

Atualmente, o projeto de sistemas tempo-real embarcados e distribuídos está crescendo em complexidade devido à sua natureza heterogênea e ao crescente número e diversidade de funções que um único sistema desempenha. Sistemas de automação industrial, sistemas eletrônicos em automóveis e veículos aéreos, equipamentos médicos, entre outros, são exemplos de tais sistemas. Tais sistemas são compostos por componentes distintos (blocos de hardware e software), os quais geralmente são projetados concorrentemente utilizando modelos, ferramentas e linguagens de especificação e implementação diferentes. Além disso, estes sistemas tem requisitos específicos e importantes, os quais não representam (por si só) as funcionalidades esperadas do sistema, mas podem afetar a forma como o sistema executa suas funcionalidades e são muito importantes para a realização do projeto com sucesso. Os chamados requisitos não-funcionais são difíceis de tratar durante todo o ciclo de projeto porque normalmente um único requisito não-funcional afeta vários componentes diferentes. A presente tese de doutorado propõe a integração automatizada das fases de projeto de sistemas tempo-real embarcados e distribuídos focando em aplicações na área da automação. A abordagem proposta usa técnicas de engenharia guiada por modelos (do inglês Model Driven Engineering ou MDE) e projeto orientado a aspectos (do inglês Aspect-Oriented Design ou AOD) juntamente com o uso de plataformas previamente desenvolvidas (ou desenvolvida por terceiros) para projetar os componentes de sistemas tempo-real embarcados e distribuídos. Adicionalmente, os conceitos de AOD permitem a separação no tratamento dos requisitos de naturezas diferentes (i.e. requisitos funcionais e não-funcionais), melhorando a modularização dos artefatos produzidos (e.g. modelos de especificação, código fonte, etc.). Além disso, esta tese propõe uma ferramenta de geração de código, que suporta a transição automática das fases iniciais de especificação para as fases seguintes de implementação. Esta ferramenta usa um conjunto de regras de mapeamento, que descrevem como elementos nos níveis mais altos de abstração são mapeados (ou transformados) em elementos dos níveis mais baixos de abstração. Em outras palavras, tais regras de mapeamento permitem a transformação automática da especificação inicial, as quais estão mais próximo do domínio da aplicação, em código fonte para os componentes de hardware e software, os quais podem ser compilados e sintetizados por outras ferramentas para se obter a realização/implementação do sistema tempo-real embarcado e distribuído. / Currently, the design of distributed embedded real-time systems is growing in complexity due to the increasing amount of distinct functionalities that a single system must perform, and also to concerns related to designing different kinds of components. Industrial automation systems, embedded electronics systems in automobiles or aerial vehicles, medical equipments and others are examples of such systems, which includes distinct components (e.g. hardware and software ones) that are usually designed concurrently using distinct models, tools, specification, and implementation languages. Moreover, these systems have domain specific and important requirements, which do not represent by themselves the expected functionalities, but can affect both the way that the system performs its functionalities as well as the overall design success. The so-called nonfunctional requirements are difficult to deal with during the whole design because usually a single non-functional requirement affects several distinct components. This thesis proposes an automated integration of distributed embedded real-time systems design phases focusing on automation systems. The proposed approach uses Model- Driven Engineering (MDE) techniques together with Aspect-Oriented Design (AOD) and previously developed (or third party) hardware and software platforms to design the components of distributed embedded real-time systems. Additionally, AOD concepts allow a separate handling of requirement with distinct natures (i.e. functional and non-functional requirements), improving the produced artifacts modularization (e.g. specification model, source code, etc.). In addition, this thesis proposes a code generation tool, which supports an automatic transition from the initial specification phases to the following implementation phases. This tool uses a set of mapping rules, describing how elements at higher abstraction levels are mapped (or transformed) into lower abstraction level elements. In other words, suchmapping rules allow an automatic transformation of the initial specification, which is closer to the application domain, in source code for software and hardware components that can be compiled or synthesized by other tools, obtaining the realization/ implementation of the distributed embedded real-time system.

Grâce à sa promesse de réduire les efforts de développement et maintenance du logiciel, l’Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles (IDM) attire de plus en plus les acteurs industriels. En effet, elle a été adoptée avec succès dans plusieurs domaines tels que le génie civil, l’industrie automobile et la modernisation de logiciels.Toutefois, la taille croissante des modèles utilisés nécessite de concevoir des solutions passant à l’échelle afin de les traiter (transformer), et stocker (persister) de manière efficace. Une façon de pallier cette problématique est d’utiliser les systèmes et les bases de données répartis. D’une part, les paradigmes de programmation distribuée tels que MapReduce et Pregel peuvent simplifier la distribution de transformations des modèles (TM). Et d’autre part, l’avènement des base de données NoSQL permet le stockage efficace des modèles d’une manière distribuée. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous proposons une approche pour la transformation ainsi que pour la persistance de grands modèles.Nous nous basons d’un côté, sur le haut niveau d’abstraction fourni par les langages déclaratifs (relationnels) de transformation et d’un autre côté, sur la sémantique bien définie des paradigmes existants de programmation distribués, afin de livrer un moteur distribué de TM. La distribution est implicite et la syntaxe du langage n’est pas modifiée (aucune primitive de parallélisation n’est ajoutée). Nous étendons cette solution avec un algorithme efficace de distribution de modèles qui se base sur l’analyse statique des transformations et sur résultats récents sur le partitionnement équilibré des graphes. Nous avons appliqué notre approche à ATL, un langage relationnel de TM et MapReduce, un paradigme de programmation distribué. Finalement, nous proposons une solution pour stocker des modèles à l’aide de bases de données NoSQL, en particulier au travers d’un cadre d’applications de persistance répartie. / Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) is gaining ground in industrial environments, thanks to its promise of lowering software development and maintenance effort. It has been adopted with success in producing software for several domains like civil engineering, car manufacturing and modernization of legacy software systems. As the models that need to be handled in model-driven engineering grow in scale, it became necessary to design scalable algorithms for model transformation (MT) as well as well-suitable persistence frameworks. One way to cope with these issues is to exploit the wide availability of distributed clusters in the Cloud for the distributed execution of model transformations and their persistence. On one hand, programming models such as MapReduce and Pregel may simplify the development of distributed model transformations. On the other hand, the availability of different categories of NoSQL databases may help to store efficiently the models. However, because of the dense interconnectivity of models and the complexity of transformation logics, scalability in distributed model processing is challenging. In this thesis, we propose our approach for scalable model transformation and persistence. We exploit the high-level of abstraction of relational MT languages and the well-defined semantics of existing distributed programming models to provide a relational model transformation engine with implicit distributed execution. The syntax of the MT language is not modified and no primitive for distribution is added. Hence developers are not required to have any acquaintance with distributed programming.We extend this approach with an efficient model distribution algorithm, based on the analysis of relational model transformation and recent results on balanced partitioning of streaming graphs. We applied our approach to a popular MT language, ATL, on top of a well-known distributed programming model, MapReduce. Finally, we propose a multi-persistence backend for manipulating and storing models in NoSQL databases according to the modeling scenario. Especially, we focus on decentralized model persistence for distributed model transformations.

[pt] Práticas de engenharia de requisitos ágeis estão se tornando mais comuns em equipes de desenvolvimento de software. Contudo, as práticas relacionadas ao controle de qualidade ainda dependem fortemente do conhecimento, da experiência e do trabalho manual de testadores, em adição as especificações de requisitos produzidas são frequentemente imprecisas e difíceis de verificar estaticamente por interessados ou por algum computador. Essa tese ataca conjuntamente o problema de verificar estaticamente especificações de requisitos ágeis e de gerar casos de teste e scripts de teste automatizados completos a partir delas. Suas contribuições principais incluem: (1) uma nova metalinguagem, chamada Concordia, que permite escrever especificações de requisitos ágeis que podem ser usadas para atividades de verificação e validação (V e V); (2) uma nova abordagem para gerar casos de teste e scripts de teste automatizado completos, a partir de requisitos especificados com a metalinguagem; (3) a medição, em contexto industrial, da capacidade da abordagem em reduzir o risco de defeitos e custos de V e V. / [en] Agile requirements engineering practices are being used more commonly by software development teams. However, practices related to quality control still depend heavily on testers expertise and manual labor, whilst produced require-ments specifications are often imprecise and hard to verify statically by both stake-holders and computers. This thesis jointly tackles the problem of verifying statically agile requirements specifications and generating full-featured test cases and auto-mated test scripts from them. Its main contributions include: (1) a new metalan-guage, called Concordia, for writing agile requirement specifications that can be used for both verification and validation (V and V) activities involving stakeholders; (2) a novel approach to generate full-featured ready to use test cases and automated test scripts from the requirements specified with the metalanguage; (3) the assess-ment in industrial context of the approaches ability to reduce risk of remaining defects and the costs of V and V.