Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:55:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 -CLAUDI_ANE-CD.pdf: 2264532 bytes, checksum: 7b442e71f7593309b3c16656769e8a07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The study presented here focus in reflections and analyses involving the tragedies Electra, by Sophocles; The Libation Bearers, by Aeschylus and Electra, by Euripides, and, based on intertextuality studies this study sought to identify how is Electra s myth is present in the narrative Seahorses, written by the English author of Indian ancestry Bidisha Bandyopadhyayl, published in 1997 in London and translated in Brazil in 1998. The novel Seahorses, still unstudied in Brazil, had a huge impact in the literary milieu, been particularly well received with European press, the author by that time being very young, 17 years old, considered as a prodigy. The myth of Electra contributes on this study due to its importance in recent times, being a study reference for Humanities, besides Literature. This study comprehends a bibliographical research pertaining to the Comparative Literature field, based on the reading of many scholars from diverse areas: literature, anthropology, and even psychiatry. In the perspective of obtaining the aim of the study, we sustained the research in the theoretical assumption recurrent in the study of mythology, studies on the imaginary and intertextuality and for that purposed we relayed on some authors, such as Gilbert Durand, Gaston Bachelard e Jean-Jacques Wunenburger, who shall provide support to the issue of the imaginary. The intertextual discussion among the texts shall be orientated by the study Tiphaine Samoyault and Laurent Jenny. Among other scholars, from mythology studies, literary criticism and even from anthropology and psychiatry, yet it is possible to highlight the scholar Linda Hutcheon in order to contextualize the post-modern novel, Carlinda Pate Nuñez who thoroughly analyzed the three Greek tragedies, as well as Mircea Eliade and E. M. Milietinski. As a result of this investigation process, we understand that the textual upturns, recurring to the literary memory, the text circulates in movements, between what is already given and the new, to the renewed interlacing of the words with other senses and meanings where literature constitutes itself. Henceforth, the myth of Electra is reconsidered, questioned, reviewed, and bringing in itself several other subtleties, issues directly or indirectly related to the myth, in as much the discussion on womanhood and incest. / A pesquisa aqui delineada focalizou-se em reflexões e em análise envolvendo as obras Electra, de Sófocles; Coéforas, de Ésquilo; e Electra, de Eurípedes. Com base em estudos sobre intertextualidade, objetivou-se identificar como o mito de Electra encontra-se presente na narrativa O Sonho de Electra escrito pela autora inglesa, filha de indianos Bidisha Bandyopadhyay, publicada em 1997 em Londres e traduzida no Brasil em 1998. Na perspectiva de alcançar o objetivo proposto, sustentamos a pesquisa nos pressupostos teóricos recorrentes ao estudo da mitologia, do imaginário e da intertextualidade. E, para isso, buscamos alguns autores como Gilbert Durand (1983; 1993;1996; 2002), Gaston Bachelard (1993; 2001) e Jean-Jacques Wunenburger (2007) que darão suporte à questão do imaginário. A discussão intertextual entre os textos será norteada pelos estudos realizados por Tiphaine Samoyault (2008) e Laurent Jenny (1979). Entre vários outros estudiosos, seja da mitologia ou crítica literária e até mesmo da antropologia e da psiquiatria, ainda é possível destacar Linda Hutcheon (1991) para contextualizar o romance pós-moderno, Carlinda Pate Nuñez (2000) que analisara minuciosamente as três obras da tragédia grega, além de Mircea Eliade (1984; 1993; 2002) e E. M. Milietinski (1987). Como resultado desse processo de investigação entendemos que entre as retomadas intertextuais, ao recorrer-se a memória literária, o texto circula em movimento, entre o que está dado ao novo, ao novo entrelaçamento das palavras, com outros sentidos e significados, a literatura vai constituindo-se. E, assim, o mito de Electra vai sendo repensado, revisto, questionado, trazendo consigo várias outras nuances, questões diretamente ou indiretamente relacionadas ao mito, como a discussão da condição feminina e do incesto. Sobretudo, no romance existe algo que vai além da intertextualidade, algo mais complexo, pois, ocorre uma subversão da dinâmica clássica do mito, uma contestação deste, assim, como há também críticas às produções artísticas atuais, tanto no cinema, quanto na música, além da própria literatura.

This dissertation examines how modern literature in China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan in the late-nineteenth to the early-twentieth centuries was practiced within contexts of these countries' deeply interrelated literary traditions. Premodern East Asian literatures developed out of a millennia-long history of dynamic intra-regional cultural communication, particularly mediated by classical Chinese, the shared traditional literary language of the region. Despite this transnational history, modern East Asian literatures have thus far been examined predominantly as distinct national processes. Challenging this conventional approach, my dissertation focuses on the translational and intertextual relationships among literary works from China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, and argues that these countries' writers and critics, while transculturating modern Western aesthetics, actively engaged with the East Asian cultural tradition in heterogeneous ways in their creations of modern literature. I claim that this transnational tradition was fundamentally involved in the formation of national literary identities, and that it enabled East Asian literati to envision alternative forms of modern civilization beyond national particularity. The dissertation is divided into three parts according to the region's changing linguistic conditions. Part I, "Proto-Nationalisms in Exile, 1880s-1910s," studies the Chinese literatus Liang Qichao's interrupted translation and adaptations of a Japanese political novel by the ex-samurai writer Shiba Shiro and the Korean translation and adaptations of Liang Qichao's political literature by the historian Sin Ch'aeho. While these writers created in transitional pre-vernacular styles directly deriving from classical Chinese, authors examined in Part II, "Modernism as Self-Criticism, 1900s-1930s," wrote in newly invented literary vernaculars. This part considers the critical essays and the modernist aesthetics of fiction by Lu Xun, Yi Kwangsu, and Natsume Soseki, founding figures of modern national literature in China, Korea, and Japan, respectively. Part III, "Transcolonial Resistances, 1930s-40s," addresses the wartime period, when the Japanese Empire exploited the regional civilizational tradition to fabricate the rhetoric of the legitimacy of its colonial rule. This part especially explores the semicolonial Chinese writer Zhou Zuoren, and the colonial Korean and Taiwanese writers Kim Saryang and Long Yingzong, who leveraged that same civilizational tradition and the critiques thereof, in order to deconstruct Japanese cultural imperialism outside of nationalist discourses. / East Asian Languages and Civilizations

The purpose of this thesis was to examine and compare two iconoclastic works dealing with war as experienced by combatants. So much of modern war fiction takes this perspective that one is hard pressed to imagine a time when such was not the case; the watershed was marked in the above named works by the aforementioned writers, which, and who, were first in putting readers inside the heads of common soldiers facing mortal danger. These pioneering authors opened the door to modernist writing about boundary situations involving existential threat, as well as the psychological reactions they evoke – especially fear. Depicting the toll the horrors of war take on individuals has helped humanize its study and enhanced our understanding of what had been a hidden cost of modern armed conflict.

This study aims to trace points of intersection between the too often divorced disciplines of literature, continental philosophy, and the hard sciences in Angela Carter’s “The Lady of the House of Love.” In short, this thesis will not only explore how such conversations surface within the short story, but will also serve as an explication of Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy of body and space, and the theory of epigenetics. Through these explications, the thesis itself will also gear one discipline towards the other as both theories intimately bind the environment with the body, and the body with the environment. Thus, the body and the environment are not separate and passive, but active and intertwined in a manner much like the aforementioned disciplines I posit are. Therefore, the goal of this thesis is to first postulate that such conversations between literature, philosophy, and science are already occurring, and as such, stress that such conversations need further discussion and exploration.

The inherent flexibility of the letter form or epistolary mode of writing frees the writer within the framework of salutations and closings to use vocabulary and language to create, to omit or to invert conventional constraints imposed on women by a patriarchal society. The letter begins as a blank page but becomes the space for writing one’s personal thoughts and emotions to the absent other in a communicative effort to minimize the separation. This dissertation examines the female narrator in actual letters written during the Spanish emigration to the New World in the sixteenth century and four epistolary novels written by female authors during the nineteenth- and twentieth centuries. The female “I” emerges in the selected texts and attests to the writer’s ability to inhabit her own writing space. By applying Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of dialogism and Janet Altman’s formal approach to the epistolary novel, the epistolary and literary textual creations by women writers challenge the silence and traditional anonymity generally assigned to women. I explore the cultural enculturation of the transgressive female who loses her “self”, her very being because of her inability to conform to societal norms as outlined by Barbara Creed and Elaine Showalter. In addition, I apply ideas from Linda Kauffman’s study on the transformation of the female writer who metamorphoses from victim to artist through the use of pen and paper. The female ‘self’ crafted by each of the letter writers is studied as they narrate their space, exercise agency, and negotiate the conflicts and contradictions of their domestic and public space. The epistolary, whether actual or fictional, becomes a textual creation challenging the silence and traditional anonymity assigned to women. The letter, when used as a literary device, is the perfect vehicle to create a narrator who controls his or her own life’s narrative. The writer constructs an implicit recipient linking the addressee and engages the reader in an absorbing story.

This thesis examines different facets of feminine artistry in Virginia Woolf's novels with the purpose of defining her conception of women artists and the role sacrifice plays in it. The project follows characters in "Mrs. Dalloway," "To the Lighthouse," and "Between the Acts" as they attempt to create art despite society's restrictions; it studies the suffering these women experience under regimented institutions and arbitrary gender roles. From Woolf’s earlier texts to her last, she embraces the uncertainty of identity, even as she portrays the artist’s sacrifice in the early-to-mid twentieth century, specifically as the creative female identity fights to adapt to male-dominated spaces. Through a close-reading approach coupled with biographical and historical research, this thesis concludes that although the narratives of Woolf's novels demand the woman artist sacrifice for the sake of pursuing creation, Woolf praises the attempt and considers it a crueler fate to live with unfulfilled potential.

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This thesis intends to show how the application of the Verfremdungseffekt (alienation effect), originally formulated by Brecht, serves to express different Weltanschauungen in the works of Dürrenmatt, Frisch and Handke. The main emphasis is on the works of Peter Handke however, in order to demonstrate the changes in the interpretation of the alienation effect, some of the plays by Dürrenmatt and Frisch are analysed.