Submitted by Lucas Bassi Costa null (lucasbassi_costa@hotmail.com) on 2018-03-28T13:48:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Lucas Bassi.pdf: 2136145 bytes, checksum: 43df64ca19daca39fe3b36e18c78b20b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Laura Akie Saito Inafuko (linafuko@assis.unesp.br) on 2018-03-28T14:20:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_lb_me_assis.pdf: 2136145 bytes, checksum: 43df64ca19daca39fe3b36e18c78b20b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-28T14:20:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_lb_me_assis.pdf: 2136145 bytes, checksum: 43df64ca19daca39fe3b36e18c78b20b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O filo Cnidaria pode ser considerado um dos mais distintos do reino animal. Dentre suas subclasses, encontra-se Ceriantharia, constituída pelas anêmonas de tubo. Esses animais são até o momento um desafio para a sistemática, uma vez que após diversas propostas, nenhuma se fez unânime até o momento. Grande parte da divergência encontrada em classificar o grupo, deve-se aos métodos/materiais utilizados para análise. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho buscou, através de dados moleculares, estudar as relações de Ceriantharia dentre os Anthozoa e os demais Cnidaria e comparar os resultados obtidos pelos diferentes métodos de reconstruções filogenéticas. Para tal, foram utilizados marcadores ribossomais completos (28S e 18S). Por meio de softwares específicos, as sequências genéticas foram analisadas e as reconstruções foram realizadas seguindo dois dos métodos mais utilizados atualmente (máxima verossimilhança e inferência bayesiana). Tendo em mãos inúmeras ferramentas, o presente trabalho é uma oportunidade de gerar conhecimento e buscar conceitos mais precisos dentro da sistemática do grupo. / The Cnidaria phylum can be considered one of the most distinguished of the animal kingdom. Among them, there is the subclass Ceriantharia, constituted by the tube anemones. These animals are so far a challenge to systematics, since after several proposals, none has been considered as unanimous yet. Much of the divergence found in classifying the group is due to the methods / materials used for analysis. Thus, the present work sough trough molecular data, to study the relationships of Ceriantharia among the Anthozoa and the other Cnidaria and to compare the results obtained by the different methods of phylogenetic reconstruction. For this, complete ribosomal markers (28S and 18S), were used. By means of specific softwares, the genetic sequences were analyzed and the reconstruction were performed following two of the most commonly used methods (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference). Having in hand numerous tools, the present work was a very important opportunity to generate knowledge and to search for more precise concepts within the systematics of the group.

Submitted by VALENTINA ROLDAN MONTES null (valentiniya@hotmail.com) on 2016-11-14T17:33:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação_Valentina_Roldan.pdf: 1303188 bytes, checksum: 91f87b135d433e48cad11782f8d4380d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-11-21T13:30:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 roldanmonter_v_me_jabo.pdf: 1303188 bytes, checksum: 91f87b135d433e48cad11782f8d4380d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-21T13:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 roldanmonter_v_me_jabo.pdf: 1303188 bytes, checksum: 91f87b135d433e48cad11782f8d4380d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Considerando a importância das doenças que afetam o desempenho produtivo dos animais na indústria leiteira em todo o mundo é necessário implementar ferramentas moleculares que auxiliem na identificação e controle destas doenças. Quando ocorre alguma infecção em um organismo superior, existe aumento do número de células de defesa e o sistema imune inato proporciona uma linha de defesa contra os patógenos. Os “Toll Like Receptors” (TLR) são proteínas da membrana que desempenham um papel chave na imunidade, reconhecendo patógenos e, posteriormente, ativando as respostas. O presente estudo foi realizado para identificar SNPs no gene TLR4 bubalino e analisar suas associações com características de importância produtiva, incluindo a contagem de células somáticas (CCS). Foram utilizadas amostras de DNA de 130 búfalas da raça Murrah. A região codificante do gene TLR4 foi amplificada através de reações de PCR e posteriormente sequenciada. Os polimorfismos encontrados tiveram suas frequências alélicas e genotípicas calculadas e verificadas quanto ao equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg, além de serem utilizados para os estudos de associação. Foram identificados 13 polimorfismos do tipo SNP para as regiões sequenciadas do gene TLR4, sendo que a maioria encontra-se em região codificante. Encontrou-se associação significativa, com porcentagem de gordura dos Snps g514>C/T (P=0,0040) e g536>A/T (P=0,0035). As associações para CCS demostrou-se altamente significantes (p=<0,001) para todos os Snps (g322>G/A, g514>C/T, g536>A/T, g8338>A/C, g8341>A/G, g8342>T/G, g8343>G/A, g8345>A/G, g8413>A/G, g8428>G/A, g8438>A/C, g8578>G/T e g8582>A/C). Sugere-se que os Snp do gene TLR4 possam ser utilizados como marcadores moleculares em búfalos, já que foram verificadas suas associações com características como porcentagem de gordura e proteína, e contagem de células somáticas. / Molecular markers might be developed to investigate genetic variants associated to the disease and assist selection process in order to identify resistant animals. When the mammary gland is infected, there is an increase in the defense cells, also called somatic cells. It is a defense line of the immune system against pathogens. The “tool like receptors” TLR are membrane proteins that have an important role in the immunity, recognizing pathogens and activating adequate responses. The present study aimed to investigate the association of TLR4 gene SNPs with productive characteristics and SCC in buffaloes. The DNA was extracted from hair follicules of 130 Murrah buffaloes. The fragments were amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Thirteen SNPs were found. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were calculated as well as the adhesion to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the linkage disequilibrium (r2) and the association to the characteristic. For SCC was tested methodology linear generalized mixed model, assuming Poisson distribution. Bonferroni correction was applied for the number of SNPs. Thirteen SNP polymorphisms were identified in coding region of the TLR4 (g322>G/A, g514>C/T, g536>A/T, g8338>A/C, g8341>A/G, g8342>T/G, g8343>G/A, g8345>A/G, g8413>A/G, g8428>G/A, g8438>A/C, g8578>G/T, g8582>A/C). The SNPs g514>C/T and g536>A/T had significant association whit %G. All the SNPs were associated (p=0.001) whit the CCS. Other authors also reported the association of TRL4 SNPs to the trait. The results show that the SNPs of TLR4 gene can be used as molecular markers in buffaloes.

Orientador: Ana Maria Soares Pereira / Coorientador: Bianca Waleria Berton / Banca: Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima / Banca: Sonia Marli Zingaretti / Banca: Laurival Antonio Villas-Boas / Banca: Rosa de Belem Neves Alves / Resumo : A espécie Stryphnodendron adstringens (Leguminosae) é conhecida popularmente como barbatimão e o extrato das cascas é utilizado como cicatrizante. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a variabilidade genética da espécie utilizando o marcador molecular de polimorfismo de comprimento amplificado (AFLP) e testar a transferência de microssatélites de Anadenanthera colubrina, Hymenaea courbaril e Copaifera langsdorffii. Foram coletados acessos localizados nos municípios de Cristalina, São João D'Aliança, Campo Alegre e Caldas Novas (GO); Delfinópolis, Luislândia, Lagoa Formosa, Sacramento e Araxá (MG) e Paranapanema, Cristais Paulista e Botucatu (SP). O DNA genômico foi extraído de folhas e as análises de polimorfismo seguiram as etapas de digestão, ligação, pré-amplificação e amplificação. Os produtos AFLP foram separados em gel desnaturante de poliacrilamida 6% com tampão TBE 1X. A eletroforese foi realizada em voltagem constante de 80W em temperatura máxima de 50ºC por 4 horas. O gel foi corado com solução de nitrato de prata e revelado em carbonato de sódio. Na análise por marcador AFLP foram produzidas 237 bandas polimórficas. A variabilidade dentro das populações foi maior (70,93%) que entre as populações (29,06%) com um valor de Fst 0.2906 indicando alta estruturação populacional. A população de Luislândia apresentou maior porcentagem de loci polimórficos (87,35), seguida da população de Cristalina (45,85). A menor variabilidade foi encontrada em Caldas Novas (22,92) e as demais ficaram na média (34,3). O Método da Média Aritmética não Ponderada (UPGMA) reuniu as populações em três grupos. Quanto aos testes de transferência de microssatélites, dos 20 iniciadores de A. colubrina testados, dez apresentaram resultados de transferência, porém somente um... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Stryphnodendron adstringens a Leguminosae species is popularly known as barbatimão and the extract of its barks is widely used as healing agent. The genetic variation of 12 populations of S. adstringens was determined in this study by using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) molecular markers transference of microsatellites of Anadenanthera colubrina, Hymenaea courbaril and Copaifera langsdorffii. Accessions were collected in the cities of Cristalina, São João D'Aliança, Campo Alegre and Caldas Novas (GO), Delfinópolis, Luislandia, Lagoa Formosa, Sacramento and Araxá (MG) and in Paranapanema, Cristais Paulista and Botucatu (SP). The genomic DNA was extracted from the leaves and the polymorphism analysis followed multiple steps including DNA digestion, ligation, pre-amplification and amplification. Amplification products were analyzed on denaturing polyacrylamide sequencing gel and running electrophoretic steps at 80 W with maximum temperature at 50ºC for 4 h. The gel was stained with silver nitrate solution and developed in sodium carbonate. The AFLP analysis conducted with three primer combinations using the EcoRI and MseI restriction enzymes generated 237 polymorphic bands. The AFLP binary data were used to determine allele frequencies. Population structure was evaluated performing analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) which allowed the estimation of the total genetic variance among and inside populations. A descriptive analysis of the total variability was obtained by calculating the percentage of polymorphic loci. Genetic variance 4 within populations was higher (70,93%) compared to the differentiation estimated among populations (29,06%). The fixation index (Fst) was 0.2906 indicating highly significant population structuring. The population from Cristalina... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Annotation: Powdery mildew Erysiphe alphitoides is one of the most important pathogenic fungus infecting pedunculate oak Quercus robur in Europe. As the identification of this species with morphologic markers is unreliable, the molecular markers development is necessary. In this work, we developed primers for PCR amplification of cytochrome b gene fragment. The results show high level of intraspecific variability of this mitochondrial gene and revealed the indistinct taxonomy relations within E. alphitoides s. lat group.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Lasiodiplodia theobromae à um fungo fitopatogÃnico responsÃvel por inÃmeras doenÃas em variadas plantas, sendo um fungo tipicamente de regiÃes tropicais e subtropicais. O fungo atacadiversas plantas tropicais, dentre elas destacam-se a mangueira, as Spondiassp., o coqueiro, o cajueiro, entre tantas outras. Seu controle à basicamente genÃtico realizado com o plantio de clones resistentes, entretanto, para sua obtenÃÃo torna-se necessÃrio o conhecimento das caracterÃsticas do patÃgeno. As informaÃÃes disponÃveissobre a variabilidade genÃtica de L. theobromaesÃo insuficientes para assegurar o sucesso em qualquer programa de melhoramento genÃtico visando à resistÃncia a este patÃgeno. Levando-se em conta que as proteÃnas sÃo produtos funcionais dos genes, torna-se importante conhecÃ-las, visando um melhor entendimento do modo de aÃÃo dos patÃgenos, sendo este entendimento, Ãtil como estratÃgia a ser utilizada no melhoramento vegetal buscando a resistÃncia genÃtica. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi realizar um estudo genÃtico molecular em uma populaÃÃo de L. theobromae e uma anÃlise proteÃmica diferencial do fungo entre isolados, mais e menos agressivos, visando identificar proteÃnas responsÃveis por essa agressividade.Uma populaÃÃo composta de 105 isolados foi usada na caracterizaÃÃo molecular, extraindo-se o DNA a partir do micÃlio do fungo crescido em meio lÃquido. Cada amostra foi submetida à reaÃÃo em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) com 15 pares de primers especÃficos para essa espÃcie, alÃm de um par de primer da regiÃo ITS e outro da regiÃo EF-1&#945;. Os produtos amplificados foram visualisados em gel de agarose, corados com brometo de etÃdio e os dados tabulados em planilha binÃria e foram analisados pelo mÃtodo de agrupamento nÃo balanceado baseado na mÃdia aritmÃtica (UPGMA) utilizando o programa MVSP. As similaridades genÃticas foram estimadas pelo coeficiente de Jaccard. Os resultados indicaram uma grande variabilidade genÃtica da populaÃÃo avaliada. Jà o estudo proteÃmico foi realizado visando avaliar diferenÃas qualitativas, ou seja, a presenÃa/ausÃncia de uma determinada proteÃna, em relaÃÃo ao grupo antagÃnico. Para tal, utilizaram-se dois isolados do mesmo fungo, diferenciando-se quanto a sua agressividade, em que um era altamente agressivo, enquanto o outro apresentava uma baixa agressividade quando inoculados em mudas de cajueiro. Quando o perfil eletroforÃtico foi analisado, foram evidenciados 96 spots diferencialmente expressos. AtravÃs da LC-ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS, foram identificadas 84 proteÃnasapresentando diversas funÃÃes celulares.Com essa abordagem foi possÃvel a caracterizaÃÃo preliminar do perfil proteico deste fungo, obtendo-se alguns indÃcios dos mecanismos envolvidos na sua agressividade. Este à o primeiro estudo buscando conhecer as proteÃnas responsÃveis pela agressividade de L. theobromae. / Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a plant pathogenic fungus responsible for many diseases in various plants, is a fungus typically tropical and subtropical regions. The fungus attacks many tropical plants, among them, including mango, Spondias sp., coconut, cashew, and many others. His control is basically genetic performed by planting resistant clones, however to obtain it becomes necessary to know the pathogen characteristics. The information available on the genetic variability of L. theobromae is restricted to ensure success in any breeding program for resistance to this pathogen. Taking into account that proteins are functional products of genes, it is important to know them, to improve the understanding of the mode of action of pathogens, with this understanding, useful as a strategy to be used in plant breeding seeking genetic resistance. The objective of this study were to conduct a genetic study molecular in a population of L. theobromae and a differential proteomic analysis of the fungus among isolates, more and less aggressive, to identify proteins responsible for this aggressivity. A population consisting of 105 strains was used for molecular characterization, extracting the DNA from mycelia grown in liquid medium. Each sample was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 15 pairs of primers specific for the species, and a primer pair of the ITS region and other EF-1&#945; region. The amplified products were visualisados agarose gel, stained with ethidium bromide and spreadsheet data in binary tabulated and analyzed by unbalanced grouping method based on the arithmetic mean (UPGMA) using the MVSP program. Genetic similarities were estimated by Jaccardâs coefficient. The results indicated a high genetic variability of the studied population. Since the proteomic study was conducted to assess qualitative differences, that is, the presence/absence of a specific protein in relation to the opposite group. To this end, we used two isolates of the same fungus, differing as their aggressiveness, in which one was highly aggressive, whereas the other had a low aggressiveness when inoculated seedlings of cashew. When the electrophoretic profile was analyzed, 96 were detected differentially expressed spots. By LC-ESI-Q-TOF MS / MS, 84 proteins were identified having the most diverse cellular functions. With this approach it was possible preliminary characterization of the protein profile of this fungus to give some evidence of the mechanisms involved in their aggressiveness. This is the first study seeking to know the proteins responsible for the aggressiveness L. theobromae.

Abstract The genetic basis of large adaptive differences in timing of bud set and frost hardiness between natural populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was studied with the aid of RAPD markers and quantitative genetic tools. Steep clinal variation was found for both traits among Finnish Scots pine populations, and the differences between populations were found to be largely genetic. QTL mapping with Bayesian analysis revealed four potential QTLs for timing of bud set, and seven for frost hardiness. The QTLs were mostly different between the two traits. The potential QTLs included loci with large effects, and additionally smaller QTLs. The largest QTLs for bud set date accounted for about a fourth of the mean difference between populations. Thus, natural selection during adaptation has resulted in fixation of genes of large effect. This result is in conflict with the classical infinitesimal model, but agrees with the results of Orr (1998), suggesting fixation of large effects during adaptation. The applicability of RAPD and SSCP markers in quantitative genetic studies was also studied. The SSCP technique was found to be efficient in finding polymorphic markers. SSCP polymorphism in coding genes may provide candidate genes for QTL mapping studies. RAPDs were found to be useful for many descriptive analyses, but specific analyses would require more caution.

Carbohydrate content sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose are one of the important seed quality traits in soybean. However, little is known about the genetics of these quantitative traits. Recombinant inbred lines (RIL) were developed from the interspecific hybridization between a Glycine max breeding line (V71-370) and a Glycine soja plant introduction (PI407162). The 308 RILs, each parent, and one cultivar were arranged in a randomized complete block design with two replications and planted at two locations in Virginia. The main objective of the first part of this research was to devise a quick, economical, and reliable HPLC methodology to determine the amount of sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose in soybean seeds. Concentration of sucrose, raffinose and stachyose are quantitative traits, which are hard to manipulate genetically due to the influence of genotype, environment, and genotype by environment interactions on seed chemical composition. The objectives of the second study were to evaluate agronomic and quality traits over locations and to study correlations among traits. The agronomic traits analyzed in this study included; maturity, plant canopy height, canopy spread, leaflet length, leaflet width, yield, and seed size. Seed quality traits studied were sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose content. Although some correlation coefficients were statistically significant at P<0.001, many were not large enough to be of practical value. A positive correlation was observed between all three sugars. Significant variation was observed among RILs and locations for all traits studied. Genotype by environment interaction was significant for all of the agronomic traits, but was not significant for seed sucrose, stachyose, or raffinose. Maturity, seed size, and sucrose content were highly heritable traits, whereas plant height, canopy spread, yield, leaf length, leaf width, stachyose content, and raffinose content had relatively low broad-sense heritabilities. The RIL population was used to investigate the genetic basis for these agronomic and seed quality traits. Seven out of twenty soybean molecular linkage groups (MLG), A1, A2, E, F, G, I, and M, were selected on the basis of previous research and mapped in this population with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Five QTL for seed sucrose content, one QTL each for raffinose and stachyose, and one for each agronomic trait except yield and leaflet width, and two QTL each for yield and leaflet width were detected using the Blacksburg data. Four QTL for seed sucrose content, one QTL for raffinose, two QTL for stachyose, one QTL each for plot width and yield and two QTL for leaflet width were detected using the Warsaw data. Several QTL affecting different agronomic traits shared common genomic regions suggesting pleiotropy at some loci. The majority of the seed quality QTL was stable at both locations. Agronomic traits were more environmentally sensitive and no QTL were common to both locations. Epistasis analysis showed interactions between QTL that detected new genomic regions associated with raffinose content. These results suggest that these potential QTL are definitely on the genomic regions of interest and would be more powerful in marker-assisted selection when we find closer markers to each QTL. / Ph. D.

Identification of allelic variation through quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping offers possibilities for the improvement of quantitatively inherited traits. This requires a genetic map along with the phenotypic characterization of a mapping population. A doubled haploid (DH) Polo X Topas population consisting of 194 lines and a recombinant inbred line population of 92 lines was developed. Individual genetic maps derived from each population were integrated into a consensus map. The DH-based genetic map was used for QTL mapping. The DH-based map was comprised of 620 loci that were assembled into 19 linkage groups that were anchored to the B. napus chromosomes. The DH-based map covered 2244.1 cM genomic distance with an average marker interval of 3.7 cM. The DH population was phenotyped in four environments with each line replicated twice in a randomized complete block design. Days to flowering was recorded and oil content and fatty acid composition were determined using Near Infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and Gas Chromatography, respectively. Fourteen QTL were identified for oil content, 33 QTL for palmitic acid content, 18 QTL for stearic acid content, 21 QTL for oleic acid content, 20 QTL for linoleic acid content, 23 QTL for linolenic acid content, 16 QTL for arachidic acid content and 14 QTL for flowering time. Oil content QTL were identified on five linkage groups, A3, A10, C1, C5, and C6. An oil content QTL, qOIL-A10c appeared in all four environments, whereas qOIL-A10a appeared in only one environment but explained 26.99% variation. The oil content in the population ranged from 35% to 55.5% with the parents having values of 42% to 46%. Two genomic regions on C3, with map positions at 147.83 cM and 154.55 cM harbored QTL (rQTL) for all the fatty acids studied. The additive effects of the rQTL reveal a correlation pattern which is supported by the phenotypic correlation observed between the fatty acids. This suggests rQTL have role in the fatty acid composition and possibly determine total seed oil content. The rQTL and flanking markers of the identified QTL offer utility in further development of B. napus. / October 2015

Les gliomes sont des tumeurs agressives de mauvais pronostic, très angiogéniques et infiltrantes ce qui rend leur exérèse particulièrement difficile. Vu les limites des techniques actuelles d’imagerie, nous avons proposé la spectro-imagerie Infrarouge à Transformée de Fourier (IRTF), d’une résolution spatiale de 6 µm, pour apporter une information moléculaire à l’examen histologique actuel des gliomes. Nos travaux ont été fondés sur la recherche de paramètres moléculaires des vaisseaux sanguins, notamment sur la base des contenus de leur membrane basale. Celle-ci subit des altérations dûes au stress angiogénique tumoral. Nous avons mis en évidence des altérations de la structure secondaire des protéines (tels les collagènes) des vaisseaux sanguins au cours de la croissance de la tumeur. Nous avons aussi évalué les modifications des chaines d’acides gras des phospholipides membranaires, qui révélent un degré d’insaturation plus important pour les vaisseaux tumoraux. Ensuite, sur un modèle de gliome murin, nous avons établi une méthode efficace de classification des capillaires sanguins sur la base d’absorptions de leurs contenus glucidiques et lipidiques, permettant de discriminer totalement les capillaires sains et tumoraux. La combinaison de ces paramètres a été mise à profit pour assurer une histopathologie moléculaire des gliomes humains. Nos résultats ont démontré qu’il est possible de différencier entre la vasculature saine et tumorale sur ces gliomes humains, ce qui permet une bonne délimitation des zones tissulaires correspondantes. Cette technique pourrait devenir un outil analytique fiable, rapide d’une durée compatible avec la chirurgie et donc très utile pour les neurochirurgiens. / Malignant gliomas are very aggressive tumors with poor prognosis, highly angiogenic and invasive into the surrounding brain parenchyma, making their resection very difficult. Regarding the limits of current imaging techniques, we have proposed Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectro-imaging, with a spatial resolution of 6 µm, to provide molecular information for the histological examination of gliomas. Our work was based on the research of molecular parameters of blood vessels, notably on the basis of the contents of their basement membrane, which undergoes changes due to tumor angiogenic stress. We have identified alterations of the secondary structure of proteins (such as collagen) in blood vessels during tumor growth. We have also assessed the changes in fatty acyl chains of membrane phospholipids, which revealed a higher unsaturation level in tumor vessels. Then, on a murine glioma model, we have established an efficient method of blood vessels classification based on their carbohydrates and fats contents, allowing the differentiation between healthy and tumor blood vessels. The combination of these parameters was used to provide a molecular histopathology for the study of human gliomas. Our results have demonstrated the feasibility of differentiating between healthy and tumor vasculature in these human gliomas, which help delimitating areas of corresponding tissue. This technique could become a reliable and fast analytical tool, with duration compatible with the surgery and thus very useful for neurosurgeons.

Orientador: Henrique Nunes de Oliveira / Coorientador: Rogério Abdallah Curi / Banca: Fábio Ricardo Pablos de Souza / Banca: Saulo da Luz e Silva / Resumo: As técnicas de biologia molecular utilizadas no melhoramento genético são uma alternativa para o aperfeiçoamento de características de interesse zootecnico. São publicados na literatura novos polimorfismos de genes candidatos posicionais ou funcionais com potencial de aplicação na seleção assistida por marcadores. Os genes IGF2, PMCH e RORC se apresentam, em função de pesquisas recentes, como candidatos para características de interesse em animais de produção. Os objetivos foram estimar as frequências alélicas e genotípicas dos polimorfismos IGF2/MboII, DQ499531.1:g.134A>T e DQ667048.1:g.3290G>T em bovinos de corte de diferentes grupos genéticos e avaliar a ocorrência de associações entre esses polimorfismos e características relacionadas à composição da carcaça e a qualidade de carne em animais abatidos em idade jovem. Foram utilizados dados de qualidade de carne e carcaça de 499 animais da raça Nelore e seus cruzamentos com raças taurinas. As frequências alélicas encontradas permitiram inferir que os alelos dos polimorfismos IGF2/MboII e DQ667048.1:g.3290G<T RORC diferem entre as subespécies Bos indicus e Bos taurus. Embora a relação entre o polimorfismo IGF2/MboII e a EGS nos animais estudados não tenha sido significativa após correção para múltiplos testes, sugerem que mais estudos devem ser realizados para verificar a influência desse polimorfismo sobre esta características de interesse em bovinos. Os SNPs estudados dos genes PMHC e RORC, com base nos resultados, inadequados para uso na seleção assistida por marcadores em bovinos com composição genética semelhantes as utilizadas nesta pesquisa / Abstract: The techniques used in molecular breeding are an alternative for the improvement of characteristics of zootechnical interest. Are published in the literature a new polymorphisms positional and functional of candidate genes with potential application in marker-assisted selection. The gene IGF2, PMCH and RORC are present, according to recent research, as candidates for traits of interest in farm animals. The objectives were to estimate the allele and genotype frequencies of polymorphisms IGF2/MboII, DQ499531.1: g.134A> T and DQ667048.1: g.3290G> T in beef cattle of different groups genetic and evaluate the occurrence of associations between these polymorphisms and traits related to carcass composition and meat quality in animals slaughtered at a young age. Data of meat quality and carcass of 499 Nellore and its crosses with taurine. Based on the results we can conclude that the allele frequencies found possible to infer that the alleles of the polymorphisms and IGF2/MboII DQ667048.1: g.3290G <T differ between subspecies Bos indicus and Bos taurus and although the relationship between polymorphism IGF2/MboII and EGS in the animals studied was not significant after correction for multiple tests, suggest that more studies should be performed to verify the influence of this polymorphism on this interesting traits in cattle. The SNPs studied genes RORC and PMHC seem, based on the results unsuitable for use in marker-assisted selection in cattle with the genetic composition similar those used in this study / Mestre