This study will discuss agriculture from the time the manor appeared through the time of its decline in those countries, England, France, and Germany, which dominated that part of the world during the Middle Ages.

The thesis deals with the Želiv Premonstrate Monastery and the fates of its members in the 1940s and 1950s. The introduction briefly outlines the history of the monastery and the Premonstrate Order. The central part of the thesis deals with the Želiv Monastery as a whole. It describes economic measures that were introduced against it by the Communist regime. It also generally describes the preparations for cancelling monasteries and the progress of this action directly in Želiv. The third part deals with the fate of the Želiv abbot Bohumil Vít Tajovský as well as with the fates of other members of the Želiv Monastery who were oppressed by the Communist regime.

Christian monasticism originated in Egypt and then spread to the rest of the Christian church. Coptic monks made a significant contribution to Christian theology and spirituality through their distinctive approach to the life of faith. This study by a Coptic monk analysis Coptic missionary spirituality as it flowered in the fourth and fifth centuries. Chapter 2 introduces the three main types of Coptic monasticism and the key figures in each of the three types. Chapter 3 describes the centripetal dimension of their mission, indicating how they attracted a wide.variety of people to a committed Christian life through their holiness, simplicity and humility. Chapter 4 discusses their "outreaching" mission of love: their preaching in harmony with the culture of people, their concern for the poor and oppressed, their healing miracles and exorcisms, their defense of the Orthodox faith against heresy. Chapter 5 summaries the findings of the study and identifies priorities for further research. / Department of Christian Spiritual Church History and Missiology / M.Th. (Missiology)

For nearly 40 years, Sister Karin and the nuns at Alsike Kloster have been giving sanctuary to refugees while also taking political, social and legal action to advocate for their rights. Every day they share their home with 60 men, women and children who are fleeing violence, persecution, looming threats and even death. Unlike many activists, the sisters of Alsike Kloster have turned spiritual activism into daily life. In this thesis, I immerse myself in the process of how the community of nuns and refugees do what they do. The purpose of this thesis is to paint an ethnographic portrait and open a window of understanding into the spiritual activism that this community lives as daily life. As I participate in this community of many faiths, many languages, and people from all over the world, I hope to gain an understanding of how they manage to share meals, chores, immigration hearings, birthday parties, fears, joys and sufferings with such cohesion and acceptance. Seeing how these sisters and refugees all live together gives me hope that we can all work for social change in our own small ways. Learning from these sisters how their faith translates into direct loving action for their neighbors from many countries gives me hope that something else is possible. Spiritual activism entails a worldview that resacralizes life which has implications for every aspect of our interconnected global world: not only religions, but also politics, economics, international relations, social awareness and our global responsibility for everything from climate justice to the refugee crisis.

The diploma thesis The Figure of Saint Procopius in Historiographical and Hagiographical Texts of the 16th and 17th Century observes, how the earthly life and the posthumous effect of the saint are narrated in early modern historiographical and hagiographical literary relics. The thesis is also dedicated to miracles, which happened because of the intercession of Saint Procopius in the middle ages, and the fortune of the Slavonic monastic community of Sázava until the year 1097. It focuses on the changes, which Saint Procopius's theme has undergone in particular early modern works. It considers medieval legends of Saint Procopius, too. As a supplement to the thesis there is also a list of motifs connected with Saint Procopius, which are mentioned in early modern historiographical and hagiographical texts.

Cette thèse porte sur la chapelle cimétériale du monastère de Bačkovo (Bulgarie), étudiée dans le contexte des églises sépulcrales du monde byzantin médiéval. Parmi les rares monuments de ce type architectural, cette chapelle se singularise notamment par son décor peint datant de l’époque médiobyzantine. Conservant certains thèmes iconographiques à caractère exceptionnel, son importance résulte également de la cohérence parfaite entre le décor, la fonction de l’édifice et le rite célébré. À la lumière des données d’une sélection de typika byzantins, complétées par des sources liturgiques, nous nous attachons, d’une part, à clarifier le contexte de fondation de la chapelle cimétériale, et, d’autre part, à réévaluer sa place unique dans la vie monastique d’antan. Notre investigation vise aussi à réexaminer la classification architecturale à laquelle le monument fut longtemps rattaché, celle des « églises sépulcrales bulgares », avancée par André Grabar. De plus, nous proposons une analyse iconographique détaillée de l’intégralité de son décor peint. Une attention particulière est portée aux représentations à forte connotation eschatologique, envisagées par le biais des spécificités fonctionnelles de l’édifice, liées à la célébration d’offices funèbres et commémoratifs. En outre, nous développons une analyse comparative avec les programmes iconographiques des principaux monuments sépulcraux médio- et tardodyzantins. L’apport de cette thèse consiste ainsi en la recontextualisation de la chapelle cimétériale bačkovienne, sur les plans à la fois architectural, iconographique et liturgique. / The subject of this thesis is the cemetery chapel of the Bačkovo monastery considered in the context of the sepulchral buildings of the Byzantine medieval world. Among the rare monuments of this architectural type, it stands out by its decoration dating from the middle byzantine period. Conserving some exceptional iconographic topics, its importance ensues also from the perfect coherence between decoration, function and ritual. With reference to a selection of byzantine typika, completed by liturgical sources, I try to clarify the context of foundation of the Bačkovo cemetery chapel and to reassess its place in the monastic life of yesteryear. The purpose of this investigation is also to reconsider the architectural classification of this building which has been refered to as the “églises sépulcrales bulgares” for a long time as mentioned by André Grabar. Furthermore I offer a detailed iconographic study of its entire fresco programme focusing especially on the representations with strong eschatological connotation, examined in the light of the functional particularities of the edifice, related to the celebration of funeral and commemoration services. In addition I give a comparative analysis of the monument following the iconographic programmes of the most significant sepulchral monuments from the middle and late byzantine period. The contribution of this thesis thus consists in the recontextualization of the Bačkovo cemetery chapel in terms of architecture, iconography and liturgy.

Il est communément admis que, vers l’année 95 de notre ère, l’apôtre Jean fut exilé à Patmos par l’empereur Domitien. C’est sur cette île que Jean l’Évangéliste aurait écrit l’Apocalypse. Puis, après avoir traversé le premier millénaire après Jésus-Christ dans l’indifférence, c’est au XIe siècle, sous la domination byzantine, que Patmos reprend vie avec l’arrivée du moine Christodoulos, à qui Alexis Ier Comnène a cédé l’île. Il y fait bâtir en 1088 le monastère de Saint-Jean-le-théologien. On assiste alors à une profonde mutation de l’île, qui vécut désormais au rythme du monastère, d’où le titre de notre thèse : « île-monastère ». Notre travail part de cette fondation et se propose d’étudier l’activité de l’île jusqu’à l’occupation ottomane au XVIe siècle. Au cours de ces cinq siècles, Patmos connaît les dominations successives des Byzantins et des Vénitiens, mais contre vents et marées le monastère veille à rester indépendant. Nous nous interrogerons sur les moyens employés par les moines pour rester maîtres de leur île et sur les conséquences qui en découlèrent, sur les plans économique et culturel. / History and economy of a monastery-island: Patmos (11th - 16th century). It is widely accepted that around the year 95 A.D, John the apostle was sent to exile to Patmos by the emperor Domitian. John the Evangelist is said to have written the Apocalypse on this island. From the next 1000 years or so, the island was treated with relative indifference by outsiders. It was in the 11th century, under Byzantine rule, that the island of Patmos came to life with the arrival of the monk Christodoulos to whom emperor Alexis I Comnenos gave the island. There, in the year 1088, he had the monastery St John the Theologian built.It was at this point that the island underwent a radical transformation, its daily life being dictated by the rhythm of the monastery, hence the title of our thesis : "monastery-island".This lays the foundation of our work which offers a study of the activity of the island up until the Ottoman occupation in the 16th century. For the next five centuries, Patmos is subjected to the successive Byzantine and Venitian dominations, however the monastery makes sure to remain independant. We will thus reflect upon the means used by the monks to maintain control over their island, along with both the economical and cultural consequences that arose from them.

No description available.

Disertaciją pradeda bendra visos Vakarų Europos tapybos kūrinių atnaujinimo istorijos apžvalga, pirmųjų žinomų faktų apie tapybos kūrinių priežiūrą ir atnaujinimus Lenkijos karalystėje ir Rusijoje, o pratęsia Vilniaus bažnyčių ir vienuolynų sakralinių bei privačiuose rinkiniuose buvusių paveikslų tvarkybos analizė, tikintis išsiaiškinti bendrus istorinius dėsningumus. Bendrųjų Vilniaus miesto paveikslų tvarkybos istorijos bruožų kontekste šioje disertacijoje kaip atskiras tyrimo objektas nagrinėjami Vilniaus Šv. Pranciškaus Asyžiečio ir Šv. Bernardino Sieniečio (Bernardinų) bažnyčios ir bernardinų vienuolyno aplinkoje sukurti paveikslai bei jų atnaujinimo darbai. Disertacijoje pateikti paveikslų tvarkybos faktai kultūros istorijos kontekste atskleidžia, kodėl buvo atnaujinami meno kūriniai, kaip tokių darbų metu keitėsi paveikslai, kokie veiksniai buvo lemiami parenkant kūrinius tvarkyti: ar darbus lėmė kūrinio autorystė, siužetas, istorija, „dieviška kilmė“, „stebuklų veikimo laukas“ ir gerbimas – o galbūt tiesiog kūrinio būklė. Vilniaus bažnyčių ir vienuolynų paveikslų tvarkybos istorija nagrinėjama platesniame kultūrinių reiškinių kontekste, apimančiame ir bendras paveikslų atnaujinimo tendencijas Vilniaus vyskupijoje bei įvairius istorinius ir kultūrinius įvykius, kurie irgi lėmė meno kūrinių išsaugojimą. Dėl didelės darbo apimties, tyrimo naujumo ir pobūdžio nesiekta surinkti visų įmanomų duomenų apie nagrinėjamu laikotarpiu atnaujintus tapybos kūrinius, o tik... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The dissertation starts with a general overview of painting restoration history in Western Europe, the analysis of the first known facts about care and maintenance of paintings in the Kingdom of Poland and Russia, and is followed by an analysis of management of sacral paintings those were located in Vilnius churches and monasteries or were a part of private collections, conducted in order to determine general historical regularities. Comprehensive research on paintings of Vilnius Bernardine Church and Monastery from the aspect of management history is a factor that reveals broader and more in-depth processes of the phenomenon under investigation. The facts of painting management in the historical context that are presented in this dissertation reveal why these pieces of art were restored, how did the paintings change in the process of such work, what were the key factors behind choosing the pieces for restoration: was the choice based on the artist, or painting’s content, history, “heavenly origin”, “field of its miraculous influence” and respect – or just the condition of the piece. This creates favourable conditions to examine the paintings from a chosen aspect, i.e. to analyse the history of painting restoration in a specific environment, and to compare the results of the analysis with general tendencies in Vilnius church and monastery painting management. Due to the large volume of work, the novelty of the research and its nature, there was no intention to gather all the... [to full text]

Disertaciją pradeda bendra visos Vakarų Europos tapybos kūrinių atnaujinimo istorijos apžvalga, pirmųjų žinomų faktų apie tapybos kūrinių priežiūrą ir atnaujinimus Lenkijos karalystėje ir Rusijoje, o pratęsia Vilniaus bažnyčių ir vienuolynų sakralinių bei privačiuose rinkiniuose buvusių paveikslų tvarkybos analizė, tikintis išsiaiškinti bendrus istorinius dėsningumus. Bendrųjų Vilniaus miesto paveikslų tvarkybos istorijos bruožų kontekste šioje disertacijoje kaip atskiras tyrimo objektas nagrinėjami Vilniaus Šv. Pranciškaus Asyžiečio ir Šv. Bernardino Sieniečio (Bernardinų) bažnyčios ir bernardinų vienuolyno aplinkoje sukurti paveikslai bei jų atnaujinimo darbai. Disertacijoje pateikti paveikslų tvarkybos faktai kultūros istorijos kontekste atskleidžia, kodėl buvo atnaujinami meno kūriniai, kaip tokių darbų metu keitėsi paveikslai, kokie veiksniai buvo lemiami parenkant kūrinius tvarkyti: ar darbus lėmė kūrinio autorystė, siužetas, istorija, „dieviška kilmė“, „stebuklų veikimo laukas“ ir gerbimas – o galbūt tiesiog kūrinio būklė. Vilniaus bažnyčių ir vienuolynų paveikslų tvarkybos istorija nagrinėjama platesniame kultūrinių reiškinių kontekste, apimančiame ir bendras paveikslų atnaujinimo tendencijas Vilniaus vyskupijoje bei įvairius istorinius ir kultūrinius įvykius, kurie irgi lėmė meno kūrinių išsaugojimą. Dėl didelės darbo apimties, tyrimo naujumo ir pobūdžio nesiekta surinkti visų įmanomų duomenų apie nagrinėjamu laikotarpiu atnaujintus tapybos kūrinius, o tik išryškinti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The dissertation starts with a general overview of painting restoration history in Western Europe, the analysis of the first known facts about care and maintenance of paintings in the Kingdom of Poland and Russia, and is followed by an analysis of management of sacral paintings those were located in Vilnius churches and monasteries or were a part of private collections, conducted in order to determine general historical regularities. Comprehensive research on paintings of Vilnius Bernardine Church and Monastery from the aspect of management history is a factor that reveals broader and more in-depth processes of the phenomenon under investigation. The facts of painting management in the historical context that are presented in this dissertation reveal why these pieces of art were restored, how did the paintings change in the process of such work, what were the key factors behind choosing the pieces for restoration: was the choice based on the artist, or painting’s content, history, “heavenly origin”, “field of its miraculous influence” and respect – or just the condition of the piece. This creates favourable conditions to examine the paintings from a chosen aspect, i.e. to analyse the history of painting restoration in a specific environment, and to compare the results of the analysis with general tendencies in Vilnius church and monastery painting management. Due to the large volume of work, the novelty of the research and its nature, there was no intention to gather all the... [to full text]