Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-09-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:52:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mottola_n_me_rcla.pdf: 359757 bytes, checksum: 647c20048f335ae16df7f299898b7f99 (MD5) / Analisou-se aqui o modo como o conceito de evolução, elaborado por Lamarck e Darwin, é apresentado nos livros didáticos de Biologia, selecionados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático para o Ensino Médio (PNLEM), distribuídos em 2007 para todas as escolas da rede pública do Brasil. Para essa análise, foram consideradas as cinco teorias de Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882), presente em sua obra A Origem das Espécies, a saber: a evolução propriamente dita, a ancestralidade comum, o gradualismo, a multiplicação das espécies e a seleção natural. E, também, as quatro leis da transformação dos animais, de Jean Baptiste Antoine de Monet de Lamarck (1744-1829). Utilizamos os procedimentos de coleta e análise de dados com base em abordagens de natureza qualitativa. Como principais resultados encontramos uma visão reducionista da teoria transformista de Lamarck, limitada a duas leis não centrais em sua obra nem de sua autoria, bem como a presença, em algumas obras, de um antagonismo entre o lamarckismo e fundamentação científica. Com relação à obra darwiniana, constatou-se que na maioria dos livros didáticos está ausente uma referência às idéias relativas à ancestralidade comum, ao gradualismo e à multiplicação das espécies. Também foi possível observar que, em alguns manuais didáticos, há uma visão a - histórica da ciência, a falta de uma contextualização sociocultural e uma carência em relação à história e à filosofia da biologia. Nesse sentido, há um prejuízo na compreensão das idéias contidas nas obras de Lamarck e Darwin, acarretando uma limitação no entendimento do conceito de evolução / We analyzed here how the concept of evolution, developed by Lamarck and Darwin, is presented in textbooks of Biology, selected by the National Textbook Program for high school (PNLEM), selected in 2007 for all public schools in the Brazil. For this analysis, we considered the five theories of Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882), present in his work The Origin of Species, namely: the actual evolution, the common descent, the gradualism, the multiplication of species and the natural selection. Also, the four laws of transformation of animals, Jean Baptiste Antoine de Monet de Lamarck (1744-1829). We use the data collection and analysis of data based on qualitative approaches. The main results, we find a reductionist view of Lamarck's theory transvestite, limited to two laws do not even central in his work of his own, as well as the presence, in some works, an antagonism between Lamarckism and scientific reasoning. With reference to the work Darwinian, it was found that in most textbooks is missing a reference to the ideas on common ancestry, the gradualism, and the multiplication of species. Was also observed that in some textbooks, there is a vision – of historical science, the lack of a socio-cultural context and a lack in relation to history and philosophy of biology. In this sense, there is a loss to understand the ideas embodied in works of Lamarck and Darwin, leading to a limitation in understanding of the concept of evolution

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:27:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 438881.pdf: 3090442 bytes, checksum: e1afa5b812d3a913bc077dad1885a315 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-29 / The present study aimed to examine the existence and relevance of the credit channel, the channel being divided between bank lending and balance sheet channel, the transmission of monetary policy in Brazil from January 2001 to July 2011, for this was used IPCA and IGP-DI. The methodology analyzes the Vector Auto-Regressive (VAR), as Granger causality tests, impulse function and response, variance decomposition analysis and speeds, and this, coming from the test Vector Error Correction (VECM .) The results show the credit channel, bank loans in the segment, important and relevant to raise economic growth, but with greater significance using the IGP-DI, and sustainable over time and an auxiliary channel to channel the money. Since the channel of the balance sheet, despite showing that increases the production of the economy, a channel is negligible, but significant, even if a channel has little development, and most influential currency, securities and exchange. Can not correspond to say that an auxiliary channel of the coin. And that use of the IPCA collaborates with the results of the IGP-DI increasing the production of the Brazilian economy to its potential level. The research concludes that there is in the Brazilian economy during this period, the four transmission channels of monetary policy. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo examinar a exist?ncia e a relev?ncia do canal de cr?dito, sendo dividido entre o canal dos empr?stimos banc?rios e o canal do balan?o patrimonial, na transmiss?o da pol?tica monet?ria no Brasil no per?odo de janeiro de 2001 a julho de 2011, para isso foi usado o IGP-DI e o IPCA. A metodologia utilizada foi as an?lises de Vetores Auto-Regressivo (VAR), como os testes de causalidade de Granger, fun??o impulso e resposta, decomposi??o da vari?ncia e an?lise das velocidades, sendo este, oriundo do teste de Vetor de Corre??o de Erros (VECM). Os resultados encontrados mostram o canal de cr?dito, no segmento empr?stimos banc?rio, importante e relevante para elevar o crescimento econ?mico, mas com maior signific?ncia com o uso do IGP-DI, sendo sustent?vel ao longo prazo e um canal auxiliar ao canal da moeda. J? o canal do balan?o patrimonial, apesar de mostrar que eleva a produ??o da economia, ? um canal pouco significativo, mas relevante, mesmo sendo um canal ainda pouco desenvolvimento, sendo mais influente a moeda, os t?tulos e o c?mbio. N?o podendo dizer que correspondem a um canal auxiliar ao da moeda. E que o uso do IPCA colabora com os resultados do IGP-DI elevando a produ??o da economia brasileira ao seu n?vel potencial. A pesquisa conclui que existem na economia brasileira, neste per?odo, os quatro canais de transmiss?o da pol?tica monet?ria.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T18:35:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anderson_da_Silva_Pinto.pdf: 593086 bytes, checksum: 0af63bcd9c696fd4ff30b43131d0442b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-27 / The systematic restatement that was prohibited by Law 9.249/95, allowed companies to recognize the effects of inflation in the accounting statements, thus enabling users to understand the effects of accounting that inflation generated in the asset and results of the companies. This paper aims to highlight the effects that the lack of indexation causes in equity in earnings and profitability of companies in the mining sector in the period 2006 to 2011, comparing the indicators of net income, shareholders' equity and return on equity extracted from the accounting statements determined in accordance with Brazilian Corporate Law and the accounting statements adjusted considering the effects of inflation over the period. The prohibition of the practice of restatement caused the accounting statements disclosed by companies in the mining sector do not recognize the effects of inflation, distorting the content of the information disclosed and as a consequence affecting the decision-making process of users of accounting. This is a descriptive quantitative, in which we used the methods of descriptive analysis and descriptive statistics to understand the behavior of indicators that were studied and to analyze the accounting statements of companies within the mining sector. Were collected and analyzed indicators of net income, shareholders' equity and return on equity, extracted from the accounting information disclosed in the Revista Exame Melhores e Maiores in the period from 2006 to 2011. Where significant differences were found in the values presented in accordance with Brazilian Corporate Law as compared with the figures considering the effects of inflation. The main results were that the lack of inflation adjustment in the accounting statements cause considerable distortions in the calculation of income for the period, the net asset value and profitability indicator in equity of companies in the mining sector. The distortions affect users of accounting in the process of choosing their investments and analysis of accounting information, as these users are making decisions through accounting statements do not adequately reflect the economic reality of companies in the mining sector. Conclude that the accounting practice of indexation for both corporate as managerial levels are relevant to avoid the distortions that are caused evidenced in equity, results and return on equity of companies in the mining sector, the non-recognition of inflation. / A sistem??tica da corre????o monet??ria que foi proibida pela Lei n. 9.249/95 permitia que as empresas reconhecessem os efeitos da infla????o nas demonstra????es cont??beis, possibilitando assim, aos usu??rios da contabilidade, conhecer os efeitos que a infla????o gerava no patrim??nio e nos resultados das empresas. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo evidenciar as consequ??ncias que a falta da corre????o monet??ria ocasiona no patrim??nio l??quido, no resultado do exerc??cio e na rentabilidade do patrim??nio l??quido das empresas do setor de minera????o brasileiro, no per??odo de 2006 a 2011, comparando os indicadores de lucro l??quido, do patrim??nio l??quido e da rentabilidade do patrim??nio l??quido extra??dos das demonstra????es cont??beis apuradas de acordo com a legisla????o societ??ria e as demonstra????es cont??beis ajustadas considerando os efeitos da infla????o no per??odo. A proibi????o da pr??tica da corre????o monet??ria fez com que as demonstra????es cont??beis divulgadas pelas empresas do setor de minera????o brasileiro n??o reconhe??am os efeitos da infla????o, distorcendo o conte??do das informa????es divulgadas e, como consequ??ncia, afetando o processo decis??rio dos usu??rios da contabilidade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva quantitativa, na qual foram utilizados os m??todos de an??lise descritiva e a estat??stica descritiva para se entender o comportamento dos indicadores que foram coletados das demonstra????es cont??beis das empresas pertencentes ao setor minera????o brasileiro. Este trabalho analisa os indicadores de lucro l??quido, do patrim??nio l??quido e da rentabilidade do patrim??nio l??quido, extra??dos das informa????es cont??beis divulgadas na revista Exame Maiores e Melhores, no per??odo de 2006 a 2011. Nos indicadores coletados, h?? diferen??as relevantes nos valores apresentados de acordo com a legisla????o societ??ria em compara????o com os valores apresentados considerando os efeitos da infla????o do per??odo. Os principais resultados alcan??ados foram que a falta da corre????o monet??ria nas demonstra????es cont??beis provocam distor????es consider??veis na apura????o do resultado do per??odo, no valor do patrim??nio l??quido e no indicador de rentabilidade do patrim??nio l??quido das empresas do setor de minera????o brasileiro. As distor????es afetam os usu??rios da contabilidade no processo de escolha dos seus investimentos e nas an??lises das informa????es cont??beis, pois estes usu??rios est??o tomando decis??es com base em demonstra????es cont??beis que n??o refletem adequadamente a realidade econ??mica das empresas do setor de minera????o brasileiro. Conclui-se que a pr??tica cont??bil da corre????o monet??ria, tanto para n??veis societ??rios quanto gerenciais, ?? relevante para evitar as distor????es evidenciadas que s??o causadas no patrim??nio l??quido, nos resultados e na rentabilidade do patrim??nio l??quido das empresas do setor de minera????o brasileiro, pelo n??o reconhecimento da infla????o.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-17T14:20:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandaDantasAlmeidaTese2016.pdf: 2319400 bytes, checksum: f6fb411112df029c4bb77d8f3bb375bf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-17T14:20:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandaDantasAlmeidaTese2016.pdf: 2319400 bytes, checksum: f6fb411112df029c4bb77d8f3bb375bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-17T14:20:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandaDantasAlmeidaTese2016.pdf: 2319400 bytes, checksum: f6fb411112df029c4bb77d8f3bb375bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-01 / Banking credit plays a key role for the economic development and, therefore, it is important to understand its dynamics and its actuation for the transmission of the monetary policy. Thus, this thesis consists of two studies that aim to understand the micro and macroeconomic behavior of bank credit, investigating the main determinants of bank credit as well as the interaction of the banking sector with other sectors of the economy. The microeconomic analysis aims to identify the major determinants of banking credit in the Brazilian economy, considering the influence of specific characteristics of the financial institutions and monetary policy in the period 2001 to 2012. This paper contributes with the literature by showing that there was no relevant impact from the macroeconomic environment on the credit supply in the analyzed period. The government has adopted a countercyclical credit policy mismatched from prevailing macroeconomic conditions. In turn, the macroeconomic analysis investigates the effects of credit risk for the financial intermediation and how this risk is transmitted to other agents in the economy. The DSGE model with financial frictions of Gertler and Karadi (2011) was modified to incorporate the risk of default given by the probability of non-payment of loans granted by the bank. This study contributes to the literature by deriving the probability of default of firms endogenously in the model, unlike most of the studies that assume it as exogenous. Moreover, as the model assumes two different interest rates for the two kinds of borrowers ("good" and "bad" payers), it allows the analysis of the impacts of the borrowers??? quality on the overall interest rate on loans. As a result, we identified a countercyclical default rate, which compensates the bank for the lost with ???bad??? payers. / O cr??dito banc??rio possui um papel fundamental para o desenvolvimento econ??mico de um pa??s e, por isso, ?? muito importante compreender sua din??mica e sua atua????o na transmiss??o da pol??tica monet??ria. Por essa raz??o, esta tese ?? formada por dois estudos que visam entender o comportamento do cr??dito banc??rio de forma micro e macroecon??mica, investigando os principais aspectos que o determinam, bem como a intera????o do setor banc??rio com os demais setores da economia. A an??lise microecon??mica buscou identificar empiricamente os determinantes do cr??dito banc??rio no Brasil, sob a ??tica da oferta, de modo a averiguar o efeito das estrat??gias dos bancos e evidenciar o impacto da pol??tica monet??ria sobre a oferta de cr??dito no per??odo de 2001 a 2012. Esse estudo constatou que n??o houve impacto do ambiente econ??mico sobre a oferta de cr??dito no per??odo analisado, dado que o governo adotou uma pol??tica credit??cia antic??clica descasada das condi????es macroecon??micas vigentes. Por outro lado, a an??lise macroecon??mica buscou investigar os efeitos do risco de cr??dito na intermedia????o financeira e como esses efeitos s??o repassados aos demais agentes da economia. Para tanto, utilizou-se o modelo DSGE com fric????es financeiras de Gertler e Karadi (2011), que foi modificado de modo a incorporar o risco de default dado pela probabilidade de n??o pagamento dos empr??stimos concedidos pelo banco. Esse estudo contribui com a literatura ao derivar a probabilidade de default das firmas endogenamente ao modelo, diferente de grande parte dos artigos que a tratam como uma medida ex??gena. Ademais, ao trazer duas taxas de juros distintas para diferentes tomadores de cr??dito, os ???bons??? e os ???maus??? pagadores, o modelo permite a an??lise de como a qualidade dos mutu??rios impacta na taxa de juros global dos empr??stimos. Como resultado, encontra-se uma taxa de default antic??clica, que funciona como uma compensa????o para o banco pelas perdas com os ???maus??? pagadores.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-20T11:14:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosAlbertoTakashiHaraguchiDissertacao2016.pdf: 2164879 bytes, checksum: 14e93c20b925917bc67518001c696adf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-20T11:15:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosAlbertoTakashiHaraguchiDissertacao2016.pdf: 2164879 bytes, checksum: 14e93c20b925917bc67518001c696adf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T11:15:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosAlbertoTakashiHaraguchiDissertacao2016.pdf: 2164879 bytes, checksum: 14e93c20b925917bc67518001c696adf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-21 / This work evaluates the effects of shocks on a small open economy using a DSGE model with financial frictions and a macroprudential measure of reserve requirements with monetary authority. According to this approach, the exchange rate role as a channel of transmission for shocks was analyzed as well as alternatives Taylor rules and reserve requirements policies the monetary authority could implement. Simulations indicated exchange rate plays an active role in situations of domestic or external monetary policy and technological progress shocks, but the intensity depends on the degree of openness of the economy. The choice between PPI or CPI measures of inflation as a target in the Taylor rule resulted in a slight better performance for PPI regarding stability. When it comes to including real exchange rate in the rule, the differences were more significant, indicating that, in order to reach a common inflation target, the necessary interest rate shock and the ensuing fall of output would be smaller as well as the convergence to equilibrium would be faster. However, the cost was a more volatile inflation rate. The absence of reserve requirements with monetary authority was more appropriate in case of external shocks, since it caused lower volatility in output and domestic prices. A reserve requirements policy, on the other side, helped to stabilize output after a internal monetary policy shock. / Este trabalho avalia os efeitos de choques sobre uma pequena economia aberta (PEA) utilizando um modelo din??mico estoc??stico de equil??brio geral (DSGE, em ingl??s) com fric????es financeiras e uma pol??tica macroprudencial de exig??ncia de dep??sitos compuls??rios por parte da autoridade monet??ria. A partir dessa modelagem, foram analisados o papel do c??mbio como canal de propaga????o de choques e alternativas de regras de Taylor e pol??ticas de compuls??rios que a autoridade monet??ria poderia implementar. As simula????es indicaram que o c??mbio tem um papel ativo na transmiss??o de choques de pol??tica monet??ria dom??stica, de produtividade e de pol??tica monet??ria externa, mas a intensidade depende do grau de abertura da economia. A escolha entre as medidas de infla????o dom??stica (PPI) ou ao consumidor (CPI) para a regra de Taylor resultou num desempenho ligeiramente melhor para a PPI no que se refere ?? estabilidade. Em se tratando da inclus??o da taxa real de c??mbio na regra, as diferen??as foram bem mais significativas indicando que, para atingir uma mesma meta de infla????o, o choque necess??rio na taxa de juros e a consequente queda no produto seriam menores, al??m de uma converg??ncia ao equil??brio mais r??pida. O custo, por??m, foi uma trajet??ria mais vol??til da taxa de infla????o. A aus??ncia de exigibilidade de dep??sitos compuls??rios na autoridade monet??ria se mostrou mais indicada em situa????es de choques externos por provocar menor oscila????o no produto e nos pre??os dom??sticos. Uma pol??tica de compuls??rios, por outro lado, auxiliou a estabilizar o produto ap??s um choque de pol??tica monet??ria interna.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-20T12:34:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaMariaMoreiradeCarvalhoDissertacao2015.pdf: 732396 bytes, checksum: 4a557a6165cbe8ea39ca489506164a7e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-20T12:34:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaMariaMoreiradeCarvalhoDissertacao2015.pdf: 732396 bytes, checksum: 4a557a6165cbe8ea39ca489506164a7e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T12:34:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaMariaMoreiradeCarvalhoDissertacao2015.pdf: 732396 bytes, checksum: 4a557a6165cbe8ea39ca489506164a7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-14 / This study aimed to empirically investigate whether investments in stocks and bonds respond to changes in the levels of macroeconomic variables (government spending, total goods and money supply) in Brazil from 1995 to 2014. For this we use the extension of the model with n-assets of the theoretical work of Devereux and Sutherland (2008) that related government spending, total goods and money supply with investments in stocks and title on the development of the approach model for the portfolio balance computing. After identifying that the series studied were not stationary, it was decided to use the concept of cointegration and is estimated to Vector Error Correction Model. The estimated coefficients were statistically significant and showed the expected signs. The results show empirical evidence that capital movements are affected by government spending, output and money supply. / Este trabalho teve o objetivo de investigar empiricamente se os investimentos em a????es e t??tulos respondem ??s mudan??as nos n??veis das vari??veis macroecon??micas (Gastos do Governo, Produtos Totais e Oferta Monet??ria) no Brasil no per??odo de 1995 a 2014. Para isso utilizamos a extens??o do modelo com ???? ativos do trabalho te??rico de Devereux e Sutherland (2008) que relacionam os gastos do governo, produtos totais e oferta monet??ria com os investimentos em a????es e t??tulo no desenvolvimento do modelo de aproxima????o para a computa????o de equil??brio de carteiras. Ap??s identificar que as s??ries estudadas eram n??o estacion??rias, optou-se pela utiliza????o do conceito de cointegra????o, sendo estimado um Modelo de Corre????o de Erros Vetorial. Os coeficientes estimados foram estatisticamente significativos e apresentaram os sinais esperados. Os resultados encontrados indicam evid??ncias emp??ricas de que os movimentos de capitais s??o afetados pelos Gastos do Governo, Produto e Oferta Monet??ria.

This research examines the significance of water as it has been used as a subject in the visual arts, with particular concentration on the use of geometry as a means of accessing pictorial possibilities. The study focuses specifically on selected paintings by Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851), Oscar Claude Monet (1840-1926) and Pat Steir (1940-) including some of Steir's etchings, to further demonstrate her thought processes and techniques. It is argued that the paintings of all three artists, although widely divergent yet include threads of commonality and convergence. All explore the fundamental structure of nature (in this case water) through geometry. In addition, spatial concepts through the use of light and colour are closely intertwined and give rise to metaphysical implications. Turner and Monet broke the bonds of the existing academic composition and style of painting. Their paintings pointed the way for artists of the twentieth century, like Steir to further explore the close relationship between the motif and abstract painting. References to paintings, other than the selected paintings, by these artists will be made in order to illustrate their different approaches yet similar objectives. Finally the relevance of the study to the candidate's own work will be correlated. The dissertation intends to offer a new interpretation of water as a subject in painting, by illuminating and illustrating aspects of the selected paintings by Turner, Monet and Steir. In conclusion, it is anticipated that this discourse will enrich and complement previous interpretations of water, when used as a subject in visual art. It is also envisaged that the study will suggest further research on the subject. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:59:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elizandra Pereira.pdf: 5332852 bytes, checksum: ae54f607db4f3feb966110cfff70e0c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-30 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This paper has as its aim analyzing the novel A CARNE, by Júlio Ribeiro (1888), according to the Impressionist painting view, in order to revalue it while an esthetic object, under the Naturalism and Impressionism conceptions. The first chapter deals with the analysis perspective which is able to verify the inter-relations between image and word in tension areas of the narrative between narration and description. This favors, at the same time, the perception and the observation of the word that is being read through the application of the artistic and impressionist proceedings on the literary discursive material. The second chapter enlights new possibilities for the plastic-visual articulation, materialized in the literary word by considering the impressions and sensations of the real world as an object. By means of the reflection on the real, the Impressionist artist Claude Monet used to project his painting diagrams on the screen. This way, Júlio Ribeiro s literary word is delegated to the narrator under two proceeding aspects: the scene told as word and the scene shown as image. The third chapter shows that the tension zones are crossed sometimes by the narrator s view and others by the character s one, resulting in the dissociation subject-object in the literary discourse. This is what bases the synthesis word-object beneath the Impressionist perspective between the artist and/or writer s reflections and depuration. In the conclusion, it is finally detached that in A CARNE , by Júlio Ribeiro, the image, together with the word in experimentation, receives an artistic function of presenting the body of the word-object, to the reader, to the literature understood as word-body in an acting of representing the real / A presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar o romance A CARNE, de Júlio Ribeiro (1888), sob o olhar impressionista da pintura para reavaliá-lo enquanto objeto estético, sob as concepções do Naturalismo e Impressionismo. O Capítulo I trata da perspectiva de análise em adoção que pretende verificar as inter-relações imagem e palavra em áreas de tensão da narrativa entre narração e descrição. O que favorece, a um só tempo, a percepção e a observação da palavra em leitura por meio de procedimentos artísticos impressionistas aplicados ao material discursivo literário. O Capítulo II aclara essas novas possibilidades de articulação do plásticovisual, materializadas na palavra literária pela via das impressões e sensações do mundo real enquanto objeto. Mediante a reflexão do real, é que o artista impressionista Claude Monet projetava os diagramas de suas pinturas em telas. Para tanto, a palavra literária de Júlio Ribeiro é delegada ao narrador sob dois aspectos de procedimento: a cena contada como palavra e a cena mostrada como imagem. O capítulo III mostra que as zonas de tensão são cruzadas ora pelo olhar do narrador, ora pelo olhar da personagem, resultando na dissociação sujeito-objeto no discurso literário. É o que fundamenta a síntese palavra-objeto sob a perspectiva impressionista entre a reflexão e a depuração do artista e/ou do escritor. Na conclusão, destaca-se, afinal, que, em A CARNE , de Júlio Ribeiro, a imagem, junto à palavra em experimentação, recebe a função artística de apresentar o corpo da palavra-objeto, ao leitor, para a literatura entendida como palavra-corpo em ato de representação do real

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Akira Hueda.pdf: 931223 bytes, checksum: ed10fcfcb79a8f804f3accfcea991962 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-18 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / Published anonymously in 1844, the book Vestiges of the natural history of creation triggered one of the greatest public debates which took place in the 19th century. Its author Robert Chambers proposed the transformation of living beings and the origin of new species by natural causes. The first aim of this dissertation is to describe some evolutionary concepts presented in the book. The second one is to compare them to the final version of Lamarck s theory on the progression of animals. This dissertation contains an introduction and four chapters. Chapter 1 discusses the evolutionary precedents and the general context in which Chambers presented his views concerning the transmutation of species. It also describes his career and professional interests. Chapter 2 deals with Chambers main evolutionary ideas. Chapter 3 provides a comparison between Chambers' and Lamarck's views, showing their similarities and differences. Chapter 4 offers some final remarks on the subject. This study led to the conclusion that although several similarities between Chambers' and Lamarck's evolutionary ideas may be found in some respects, such as gradualism, progression, uniformitarism, natural laws and no interference of God in natural processes, there were also some relevant differences such as the way in which they attempted to provide a foundation for their theories. Whereas Chambers presented many arguments using the fossil records as well as some other ones related to rudimentary organs and embryology, Lamarck made scarce use of the fossil record for the foundation of his theory. Instead of this, he provided a huge mass of facts showing the existence of a progression of the great taxonomical groups of animals. The arrangement of those groups in a progressive scale, however, did not provide an empirical foundation for what had happened in time. On the other hand, Chambers presented laws different from Lamarck's. However, although he did not propose a law dealing with the increase of the complexity of the great groups or individuals as Lamarck did, this idea permeated all of Chambers' ideas on the transmutation of species / Publicado anonimamente em 1844, o livro Vestiges of the natural history of creation desencadeou uma das maiores discussões públicas que ocorreram durante o século XIX. Seu autor, Robert Chambers, defendeu a transmutação dos seres vivos e a origem de novas espécies através de causas naturais. O primeiro objetivo desta dissertação é descrever algumas concepções evolutivas apresentadas neste livro e o segundo é compará-las à versão final da teoria da progressão dos animais de Lamarck. Esta dissertação contém uma introdução e quatro capítulos. O capítulo 1 discute os precedentes evolutivos e o contexto geral no qual Chambers apresentou suas idéias sobre a transmutação das espécies, tratando também de sua carreira e interesses profissionais. O capítulo 2 lida com alguns aspectos das concepções evolutivas de Chambers. O capítulo 3 oferece uma comparação entre as concepções de Chambers e Lamarck mostrando suas similaridades e diferenças. O capítulo 4 apresenta algumas considerações sobre o que foi discutido nos capítulos anteriores. Este estudo levou à conclusão de que embora possam ser detectadas diversas semelhanças entre alguns aspectos das concepções evolutivas de Chambers e as concepções evolutivas de Lamarck, tais como o gradualismo, a progressão, o uniformitarismo, as leis naturais e a não intervenção divina nos processos naturais, há também diferenças tais como o modo pelo qual eles procuraram fundamentar suas teorias. Enquanto Chambers apresentou exemplos obtidos principalmente a partir do registro fóssil e alguns relacionados à presença de órgãos rudimentares e à embriologia, Lamarck fez pouco uso do registro fóssil para fundamentar sua teoria. Em vez disso, forneceu uma grande massa de fatos mostrando a existência de uma progressão entre os grandes grupos de animais. O arranjo desses grupos em uma escala progressiva, entretanto, não proporcionou uma fundamentação empírica para o que ocorreu em termos cronológicos. Por outro lado, Chambers apresentou leis diferentes das apresentadas por Lamarck. Entretanto, apesar de não propor uma lei tratando da tendência para o aumento de complexidade existente na natureza em relação aos grandes grupos ou indivíduos como Lamarck, esta idéia permeou as concepções de Chambers sobre a transmutação das espécies

ix, 288 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / While the impact of Darwin's theory of evolution on Victorian and modernist literature has been well-documented, very little critical attention has been paid to the influence of Lamarckian evolutionary theory on literary portrayals of human progress during this same period. Lamarck's theory of inherited acquired characteristics provided an attractive alternative to the mechanism and materialism of Darwin's theory of natural selection for many writers in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, particularly those who refused to relinquish the role of the individual will in the evolutionary process. Lamarckian rhetoric permeated an ideologically diverse range of discourses related to progress, including reproduction, degeneration, race, class, eugenics, education, and even art. By analyzing the literary texts of Olive Schreiner, G.B. Shaw, and W.B. Yeats alongside their polemical writing, I demonstrate how Lamarckism inflected these writers' perceptions of the mechanism of human evolution and their ideas about human progress, and I argue that their work helped to sustain Lamarck's cultural influence beyond his scientific relevance. In the dissertation's introduction, I place the work of these three writers in the context of the Neo-Darwinian and Neo-Lamarckian evolutionary debates in order to establish the scientific credibility and cultural attractiveness of Lamarckism during this period. Chapter II argues that Schreiner creates her own evolutionary theory that rejects the cold, competitive materialism inherent in Darwinism and builds upon Lamarck's mechanism, modifying Lamarckism to include a uniquely feminist emphasis on the importance of community, motherhood, and self-sacrifice for the betterment of the human race. In Chapter III, I demonstrate that Shaw's "metabiological" religion of Creative Evolution, as portrayed in Man and Superman and Back to Methuselah , is not simply Bergsonian vitalism repackaged as a Neo-Lamarckian evolutionary theory but, rather, a uniquely Shavian theory of human progress that combines religious, philosophical, and political elements and is thoroughly steeped in contemporary evolutionary science. Finally, Chapter IV examines the interplay between Yeats's aesthetics and his anxieties about class in both his poetry and his 1939 essay collection On the Boiler to show how Lamarckian modes of thought inflected his understanding of degeneration and reproduction and eventually led him to embrace eugenics. / Committee in charge: Paul Peppis, Chairperson, English; Mark Quigley, Member, English; Paul Farber, Member, Not from U of O; Richard Stein, Member, English; John McCole, Outside Member, History