University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities. / Department of Chinese

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2007. Graduate Programme in Interdisciplinary Studies. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-189). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004 & res_dat=xri:pqdiss & rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation & rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR32004.

Orientador: Sebastião Roberto Taboga / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T10:30:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Colleta_SimoneJacovaci_M.pdf: 4304217 bytes, checksum: ec5dd4758c1bcc8948cc085490014e3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A próstata é uma glândula acessória do sistema reprodutor que apresenta desenvolvimento e manutenção regulados por andrógenos e estrógenos. Interferências na ação desses hormônios podem predispor esta glândula a desenvolver doenças como hiperplasia prostática benigna e câncer. O bisfenol A (BPA) e cádmio (Cd) são poluentes ambientais que possuem atividade estereogênica. O BPA e Cd entram no corpo humano, principalmente através da ingestão oral. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a exposição ao BPA e ao Cd durante a puberdade pode causar alterações na morfologia, proliferação e morte celular na próstata ventral de gerbilos normais e castrados. Para cumprir estes propósitos foram realizadas técnicas morfológicas, serológicas e immunocitoquímicas (PCNA para detecção de células proliferativas e TUNEL/ caspase-3 para a detecção de células apoptóticas). Os resultados demonstraram que 7 dias depois da exposição ao BPA e Cd, individualmente ou em combinação sob condições androgênicos normais, houve um aumento na altura do epitélio e na espessura da camada muscular lisa (SML). O BPA e Cd individualmente induziram o aumento expressão celular de PCNA e caspase-3. Em associação, o BPA e Cd causam aumento das células imunomarcados por TUNEL. Nos animais castrados, o Cd, individualmente ou em associação com o BPA causou aumento na altura do epitélio, na espessura SML, na área e perímetro nuclear, além da redução no numero de células epiteliais imunomarcadas com PCNA. Além disso, o BPA e Cd combinados, causaram redução das células imunomarcadas por caspase-3. Após 75 dias depois da exposição ao BPA e Cd individualmente ou em combinação, nos animais não castrados, foi observado um aumento na altura epitelial e na espessura da SMC. Todos animais com 120 dias de idade apresentaram focos de lesões intraepitelial prostática (PIN). O BPA promoveu redução da expressão de PCNA nas células do estroma. O Cd, individualmente ou associado com o BPA, causou um aumento das células epiteliais imunomarcadas por PCNA. Além disso, Cd aumentou o numero de células imunomarcadas por TUNEL e diminuiu as células imunomarcadas por caspase-3. Nos animais castrados, a administração BPA e Cd, individualmente ou em combinação, promoveu aumento das células imunomarcadas por TUNEL. Desta forma, podemos concluir que o BPA e o Cd são importantes desreguladores das atividades normais do tecido prostático, alterando os padrões morfológicos, de proliferação e morte celular / Abstract: The prostate is an accessory reproductive system gland presenting the development and maintenance regulated by androgens and estrogens. Interference in the action of these hormones may predispose this gland to develop diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and cancer. The Bisphenol A (BPA) and cadmium (Cd) are environmental pollutants that have estrogenic activity. The BPA and Cd enter in human body, mainly through oral ingestion. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether exposure to BPA and the Cd during puberty can cause alterations in morphology, proliferation and cell death in normal and castrated gerbils¿ ventral prostate. For this, morphological, serological and immunocitochemical (PCNA for proliferating cells detection and TUNEL/ caspase-3 for apoptotic cells detection) methods were used. The results demonstrated that 7 days after the exposure to BPA and Cd, individually or in combination under androgenic normal conditions, there was an increase in epithelium height and in smooth muscle layer (SML) thickness. The BPA and Cd individually induced increased in PCNA and caspase-3 cellular expression. In association, the BPA and Cd cause increase in TUNEL immunostained cells. In castrated animals, the Cd, individually or in association with the BPA caused an increase in epithelium height, in SML thickness, in area and nuclear perimeter, in addition caused reduction in PCNA immunostained epithelial cells number. In addition, BPA and Cd combined, caused reduction in caspase-3 immunostained cells. Seventy-five days after BPA and Cd exposure, individually or in combination, in non-castrated animals, we observed an increase in epithelial height and the SMC thickness. All animals with 120 days of age had occurrences of lesions prostatic intraepithelial (PIN). The BPA caused a reduction in PCNA stromal cells expression. The Cd, individually or associated with BPA, caused an increase in PCNA immunostained epithelial cells. In addition, Cd increased the number of immunostained cells by TUNEL and decreased the immunostained cells by caspase-3. In castrated animals, the administration BPA and Cd, individually or in combination, increased the immunostained cells by TUNEL. We can conclude that the BPA and Cd are are important agents in endocrine activities changing of normal prostatic tissue patterns, altering the morphological, proliferation and cell death patterns / Mestrado / Histologia / Mestra em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

Orientadores: Sebastião Roberto Taboga, Ricardo Alexandre Fochi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T10:21:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antoniassi_JuliaQuilles_M.pdf: 2795390 bytes, checksum: 43457dd2f5a6928d83f9fa9c05fd3820 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A próstata, glândula do sistema reprodutor que tem origem embrionária a partir do seio urogenital, sendo formada por quatro pares de lobos fortemente associado à uretra: lobo anterior ou glândula coaguladora (GC), lobo dorsal (LD), lobo dorsolateral (LDL) e lobo ventral (LV). A fisiologia prostática é regulada por hormônios esteroides, principalmente andrógenos e estrógenos. Enquanto os andrógenos induzem a diferenciação, desenvolvimento, e atividade secretora, os estrógenos parecem modular os efeitos androgênicos, mantendo o crescimento e fisiologia normal da próstata. Embora o cortisol seja um hormônio largamente utilizado em medicamentos por suas ações anti-inflamatórias e imunossupressoras, pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos colaterais desses medicamentos, principalmente na morfofisiologia prostática. Além disso, sabe-se que esse hormônio está altamente relacionado com o estresse e com alguns distúrbios de comportamento. Desta forma, este projeto visou avaliar, por métodos histológicos, histoquímicos, imunocitoquímicos e estruturais com parâmetros qualitativos e quantitativos, diversos aspectos morfofuncionais da glândula prostática ventral de machos de gerbilo (Meriones unguiculatus), após a aplicação por cinco dias de corticosterona em duas doses diferentes: 0,5mg/kg/dia e 1,5mg/kg/dia, além disso os grupos foram subdivididos em um grupo com um período de 5 dias de descanso após o tratamento e outro grupo que foi morto um dia após o fim do tratamento. Os dados apresentados mostram que a corticosterona possui propriedades antiproliferativas e antiapoptóticas sobre a próstata de gerbilos. Esse hormônio também alterou a frequência dos receptores dos principais hormônios reguladores desse órgão, como andrógenos e estrógenos. Em relação aos receptores de glicocorticóides (GR), foi observada uma redução da sua expressão quando a concentração sérica da corticosterona encontrava-se elevada. As alterações na expressão dos receptores supracitados levaram ao surgimento de displasias prostáticas importantes. Houve uma variação nos efeitos desencadeados por esse hormônio de acordo com a dose aplicada, sendo que uma maior dose apresentou efeitos mais discretos e uma menor dose mostrou ser mais impactante. Os efeitos da corticosterona nos receptores nucleares foram revertidos ou atenuados após o período de descanso, o que não foi observado para os padrões de proliferação e apoptose celular / Abstract: The prostate, gland of reproductive system, has embryonic origin from the urogenital sinus and consists four lobes that are strongly associated with the urethra: anterior lobe or coagulating gland (CG), dorsal lobe (LD), dorsolateral lobe (LDL) and ventral lobe (LV). Steroid hormones, mainly androgens and estrogens, regulate the prostate physiology. While androgens induce differentiation, development and secretory activity, estrogens appear to modulate androgen effects, maintaining normal growth and prostate physiology. Although cortisol is widely used in drugs because their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions, little is known about the side effects of these drugs, especially in the prostate morphophysiology. Furthermore, it is known that this hormone is highly correlated with stress and some behavioral disorders. Thus, this research aimed evaluate, by histological methods, histochemical, immunocytochemical with structural and qualitative and quantitative parameters, various morphological and functional aspects of the ventral prostate gland of male gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) after application of corticosterona. This hormone was applicated for five days with two doses of corticosterone: 0.5mg/kg/day and 1.5mg/kg/day, in addition, the groups were divided into a group with a 5-day period of rest after the treatment and another group was killed one day after the end treatment. The data showed that corticosterone has antiproliferative and anti-apoptotic properties on the prostate gerbils. This hormone also changed the frequency of AR, ER?, ER? e GR. We observed a reduction of glucocorticoids receptors expression when serum concentration of corticosterone was elevated. These changes led to the emergence of important prostatic dysplasia. There was a variation in effects triggered by this hormone in accordance with the applied dose, being that a higher dose reported effects more discrete and a lower dose was shown to be more impactful. The effects of corticosterone on nuclear receptors have been reversed or attenuated after rest period, which was not observed for apoptosis and cell proliferation patterns / Mestrado / Biologia Celular / Mestra em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

The purpose of this study was to explore leadership practices exercised by higher education leaders in Mongolia from the perspective of American leadership concepts. The study was based on leaders' practices. That is, the study examined how higher education leaders conduct themselves as administrators and how their leadership practices are perceived by their subordinates. This study differed from most of the related research on higher education in three ways. First, this study focused on leaders in higher education institutions in a transitional country of Asia. Second, previous related studies primarily concentrated on leaders from one sector (public v. private) or one type of post-secondary institution (two-year, four-year, and research universities and colleges). This study encompassed samples from both public and private higher education institutions representing different types of schools (universities, specialized institutions, and professional schools). Third, this study employed both forms of the Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) instrument: LPI-Self and LPI-Observer. All leaders (Rectors, Deans, and Department Heads) completed an LPI-Self on themselves and all leaders were evaluated by all levels of followers at the institution including faculty members. The sample consisted of 20 Rectors, 20 Deans, 40 Department Heads, and 200 faculty members from 10 public and 10 private higher education institutions. The LPI-Self and the LPI-Observer instruments were translated into Mongolian and distributed to participants along with a short demographic survey. Data analysis procedures included: (1) creating individual profiles of self scores and observers scores for each leader using LPI scoring software; (2) producing a spreadsheet of demographic information and LPI data for statistical analysis using SPSS; (3) and, the actual analysis through t-tests, analyses of variance, and multiple comparison techniques. The results revealed that no group of higher education leaders in Mongolia were rated as high in terms of their practices even by their own self-assessment. Overall, the ratings on all five leadership practices of higher education leaders in Mongolia were lower than those of college and university leaders in the United States. Additionally, the ratings of followers on the practices of their leaders were significantly lower than self-ratings of the leaders themselves in a number of areas. One possible explanation for the findings might be the fact that leaders in higher education institutions in Mongolia are learning about leadership practices by trial and error during the country's transition from a socialist system to a democratic system. / Ph. D.

The subject of this M.A. thesis is magtaal (or mongolian praise song) in the context of mongolian traditional oral folklore a the main focus of the thesis lies in its linguistic specifics and its role in mongolian rural environment. The thesis is is solved in two main parts. First one provides a general characteristics of this genre with emphasis on its ethnolinguistic, sociolinguistic and performance aspects. Further division to subgenres is also provided. The second part deals with each particular subgenre based on an analysis built around translation of parts of praise songs and referential commentaries. The main contribution of this thesis lies in a more detailed view on this genre from a different perspective rather than a general folkloristic view. In this way praise song is displayed as genre that is transcending above a simple form of a song but becomes a mean of communication and a specific manner of construction and perception of mongolian image of the world.

Thema der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Politik, die in der Äußeren Mongolei n Hinblick auf die Lamas und Klöster verfolgt wurde (1920-1939). Das Thema wird auf allen Ebenen untersucht. Es wird untersucht, welchen Einfluss die Bolschewiki/die Sowjets auf die Religionspolitik nahmen, welche Programme und Strategien die mongolische Führung entwarf, welche Maßnahmen ergriffen wurden, wie diese Maßnahmen von Partei und Staat umgesetzt wurden, schließlich wird untersucht, wie die Lamas, die gläubige Bevölkerung auf diese Politik reagierte. Das Thema wird in all seinen verschiedenen Aspekten dargestellt: zu Religionspolitik gehören also die religionspolitischen Programme, die entsprechende Gesetzgebung, die in Hinblick auf die Lamas und Klöster verfolgte Steuerpolitik und Anderes. Der Faktor, der die Religionspolitik sicherlich wesentlich prägte, was der Einfluss der Bolschewiki. In der Arbeit wird dargestellt, dass die Religionspolitik aber keineswegs die bloße Umsetzung eines von Beginn an vorhandenen Programms war, das letztlich auf einer antireligiösen Ideologie basierte. Vielmehr zeigt sich, dass in Hinblick auf die Religionspolitik verschiedene Phasen zu unterscheiden sind, in denen jeweils eine recht unterschiedliche Politik verfolgt wurden. So waren die ersten Jahre von einer Politik der Kompromisse geprägt, die Lamas wurden als Teil einer „Einheitsfront“ angesprochen. In der Mitte der 1920er verfolgten mongolische Funktionäre dann ein Programm zur Reform des Buddhismus. Darauf folgte in den Jahren 1929 bis 1932 ein offen proklamierter Kampf gegen die „gelben Feudalen“, also gegen die (hochrangigen) Lamas. Was dann schließlich in den Jahren 1937 bis 1939 erfolgte war die sogenannte Lösung der Lama- und Klösterfrage: binnen anderthalb Jahren wurden mehr als 15 000 Lamas verhaftet und hingerichtet, alle Klöster wurden geschlossen. Die Folge dieser Religionspolitik war die Beseitigung des mongolischen Buddhismus in seiner tradierten Form. / Theme of this book is the policy in regard to the lamas and monasteries in Outer Mongolia (1920-1939), the so called lama question. The policy on religion will be analyzed on all level. This includes the following questions: What was the general attitude of the Bolsheviks/the soviet towards Outer Mongolia, what policy pursued the Bolsheviks/the Soviets in regard to Outer Mongolia and how did they influenced the policy on religion? What did the Mongolian leadership say and do in regard to the lamas? Which measure were taken? How did the local party cadres and the administration executed these measure? Finally, how did the common people, the lama react towards this policy? The policy on religion comprises different aspects which all will be analyzed, e.g. legislation, taxation of the lamas and monasteries, antireligious organizations. The main force in regard to this policy in Outer Mongolia were the Bolsheviks, the Soviet Union. The main argument developed in this thesis is that this was not a clear cut process determined by an all ready platform which in itself was determined by an underlying antireligious ideology. There were quite some changes in regard to the attitude towards Buddhism. In the first years after the so called People's Revolution the Bolsheviks and the governing Mongolian People's Party proposed the strategy of the united front. In the mid 1920s influential Mongolian leaders proposed a reform of Buddhism. This reform was followed by a fierce attack on the yellow feudal (a term applied to the lamas) in the years 1929 -1932. Finally, in the years 1937-1939 more than 15 000 lamas were arrested and executed, all monasteries were closed: this so called solution of the question of the lamas and monasteries destroyed the Buddhist institutions in Outer Mongolia.

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Previous research on speakers' abilities to track non-adjacent dependencies (e.g., vowels or consonants that co-occur across syllables) in artificial grammar learning (AGL) tasks has shown that the acquisition of these patterns is extremely difficult (e.g. Newport&Aslin 2004; Gómez 2002; Bonatti, PenÞa, Nespor&Mehler 2005). One assumption made in this literature is that all speakers of all languages should be capable of tracking these patterns even when the native language of those speakers contains no such non-adjacent dependencies. This dissertation questions this assumption by testing whether native Khalkha Mongolian speakers attend to and track the frequency of vowel patterns and harmonic class size in their language. It also tests their ability to acquire non-adjacent vocalic dependencies in AGL tasks.Because Khalkha displays [ATR] vowel harmony (Svantesson, Tsendina, Karlsson&Franzén 2005) which restricts vowel co-occurrences, it was hypothesized that Khalkha speakers are biased towards attending to the frequency and form with which these vowel patterns occur. The results of three experiments indicated that Khalkha speakers both attend to and track the frequency with which vowel patterns occur. These results also indicate that Khalkha speakers build abstract categories based on the relative token numbers of [+ATR] and [-ATR]harmonic spans.Khalkha speakers were further tested in three experiments which focused on speakers' ability to acquire novel non-adjacent vocalic dependencies in AGL tasks. The results indicated that participants successfully acquired vocalic dependencies (both harmonic and disharmonic) in all three experiments. These results indicate that Khalkha speakers' attention is biased towards vowels, regardless of harmonic status of the item.Collectively, these results highlight the role of language-specific phonology in the ways that speakers abstract and utilize phonological information. The special status of harmonic vowel patterns and harmonic class size are new variables with which to conduct future research on vowel harmonic languages and with vowel harmonic language speakers. The effects of language-specific phonology on speech perception and lexical access must be considered a crucial aspect in future psycholinguistic research, particularly in regards to the aspects of language toward which speakers attend.

The aim of this diploma thesis was to define the basic features of traditional Mongolian treatment guidelines, with an emphasis on traditions of non-buddhist treatment. The main attention was paid to the healing method "dom", which stands on the border between folk medicine and magic, and is part of Mongolian cultural traditions. The first chapter "Classification of Mongolian traditional medicine" is dedicated to arranging the division of medical techniques in Mongolian territory and tries to set the techniques into historical context. The second chapter "Healing Tradition in the territory of Mongolia" focuses on the description of each treatment technique. The third chapter is devoted to the treatment of the Mongolian tradition called "dom". Since the Western literature refers to "dom" as magic, attention is paid first to magic. The second part consists of interviews on the issue and the definition of "dom" recorded in Mongolia and the final part follows with concrete examples of the "dom" set within the wider context of traditional methods of medical treatment. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)